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當

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 当
當 U+7576, 當
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7576
← 畵
[U+7575] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畷 →
[U+7577]

Translingual

[edit]
Japanese 当
Simplified 当
Traditional 當

Han character

[edit]

當 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火月口田 (FBRW), four-corner 90606, composition ⿱𫩠田)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 764, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1175, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2546, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+7576

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 當
simp. 当*
alternative forms 𰀶

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 當
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other.

Etymology 1

[edit]

當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched".

黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007).

Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • tng - vernacular (“to face; to undertake (Mainland China); just at the time of (Xiamen, Taiwan, Quanzhou)”);
  • tang - vernacular;
  • tong - literary (“just at the time of (Zhangzhou)”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 當
Mandarin Beijing /tɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /taŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tɑŋ²¹/ ～時
Jinan /taŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /taŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /taŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /taŋ²¹/
Xining /tɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /tɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /taŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /taŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /taŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /tã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /taŋ³¹/
Hefei /tɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
/tuə¹³/
Hohhot /tɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /tɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /tuɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /ta³¹/
Tunxi /tau¹¹/ 該～
Xiang Changsha /tan³³/
Xiangtan /tɔn⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /tɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /toŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /toŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɔŋ⁵³/
Nanning /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
/tŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /touŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɔŋ⁵⁴/ 動
Shantou (Teochew) /taŋ³³/
/tɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdaŋ²³/
/ʔdo²³/
Rime
Character 當
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都郎切
Baxter tang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taŋ/
Li
Rong 		/tɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/tɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dong1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 當
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaŋ/
English match (v.); have the value of, rank with

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 當
Reading # 1/2
No. 11104
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		當
Old
Chinese 		/*taːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]

當

  1. to face; to turn towards
    當面／当面  ―  dāngmiàn  ―  face-to-face
    當著眾人的面訓斥孩子 [MSC, trad.]
    当着众人的面训斥孩子 [MSC, simp.]
    dāng zhe zhòngrén de miàn xùnchì háizi [Pinyin]
    to scold one's child in front of everyone
  2. to bear; to withstand; to resist
    不敢當／不敢当  ―  bùgǎn dāng  ―  I really don't deserve this.
    當之無愧／当之无愧  ―  dāngzhīwúkuì  ―  to merit the reward; to be deserving
  3. to undertake; to manage; to take charge of
    當權／当权  ―  dāngquán  ―  to hold power
  4. to work as; to serve as
    讓我來當你的助手吧。 [MSC, trad.]
    让我来当你的助手吧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Ràng wǒ lái dāng nǐ de zhùshǒu ba. [Pinyin]
    Let me be your assistant.
  5. to match equally; to equal; to be equal to
    門當戶對／门当户对  ―  méndānghùduì  ―  to be well-matched in terms of socio-economic status (for purposes of marriage)
  6. just at the time of; just happen (to be at a certain moment)
    當天／当天  ―  dāngtiān  ―  that day
    當我五歲時，我的母親突然得病身亡。 [MSC, trad.]
    当我五岁时，我的母亲突然得病身亡。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dāng wǒ wǔ suì shí, wǒ de mǔqīn tūrán débìng shēnwáng. [Pinyin]
    When I was five, my mother suddenly fell ill and died.
  7. just at (a place); at or in the very same
    當場／当场  ―  dāngchǎng  ―  on the spot
  8. to meet; to happen to
  9. (literary) still; to be
  10. to regard something/someone as; to think; to treat something/someone as
  11. (literary) to make a judgement; to sentence
  12. ought; should
  13. gap; space; break
  14. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (still): 尚 (shàng), 還／还 (huán)
  • (ought to):
Descendants
[edit]
  • → Vietnamese: đang (present tense marker)
Compounds
[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Note:
  • tǹg - vernacular (“to pawn; to regard as (Mainland China)”);
  • tàng - vernacular (“to regard as (Zhangzhou)”);
  • tòng - literary (“to regard as (Quanzhou, Xiamen)”).
Note:
  • deng3 - vernacular;
  • dang3 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 當
Mandarin Beijing /tɑŋ⁵¹/
Harbin
Tianjin /tɑŋ⁵³/ 上～
Jinan
Qingdao
Zhengzhou
Xi'an
Xining
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan
Chengdu
Guiyang
Kunming
Nanjing
Hefei
Jin Taiyuan
Pingyao
Hohhot
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Wenzhou
Hui Shexian
Tunxi /tau⁴²/ ～鋪
Xiang Changsha
Xiangtan
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou
Nanning
Hong Kong
Min Xiamen (Hokkien)
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɔŋ³³/ 上～
Shantou (Teochew)
Haikou (Hainanese)
Rime
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 丁浪切
Baxter tangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taŋH/
Li
Rong 		/tɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/tɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaŋ-s/
English suitable

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
No. 11122
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		譡
Old
Chinese 		/*taːŋs/
Definitions
[edit]

當

  1. to match; to be equal to
  2. (obsolete) to lead; to manage
  3. proper; suitable; adequate; fitting; appropriate
    恰當／恰当  ―  qiàdāng  ―  appropriate
  4. to regard as; to consider as; to treat as
    把寵物當自己的孩子養 [MSC, trad.]
    把宠物当自己的孩子养 [MSC, simp.]
    bǎ chǒngwù dàng zìjǐ de háizi yǎng [Pinyin]
    to raise one's pets like one's children
    你從不把我當自己人。 [MSC, trad.]
    你从不把我当自己人。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ cóngbù bǎ wǒ dàng zìjǐrén. [Pinyin]
    You never treat me like one of your own.
  5. to think
    你真當我不知道麼？ [MSC, trad.]
    你真当我不知道么？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhēn dàng wǒ bù zhīdào me? [Pinyin]
    You really think I don't know?
  6. to pawn; to put in pawn
    當了手錶／当了手表  ―  dàng le shǒubiǎo  ―  to have pawned a watch
  7. pawn; something pawned
  8. pawnshop (often used in names of pawnshops)
  9. trick; fraud; deception
    上當／上当  ―  shàngdāng  ―  to be taken in
  10. (Taiwan, slang, of teachers or professors) to fail someone
Descendants
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

擋 (OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs, “to block; to obstruct”) is a derivative and was originally also written as 當 (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

當

  1. Alternative form of 擋 / 挡 (“to block; to obstruct”)
    螳臂當車／螳臂当车  ―  tángbìdāngchē  ―  to overrate oneself and try to hold back an overwhelming force

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 丁浪切
Baxter tangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taŋH/
Li
Rong 		/tɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/tɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaŋ-s/
English suitable

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
No. 11122
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		譡
Old
Chinese 		/*taːŋs/

Definitions

[edit]

當

  1. the same (day etc.)
    當天／当天  ―  dàngtiān  ―  that very day

Etymology 4

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 丁浪切
Baxter tangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taŋH/
Li
Rong 		/tɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/tɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaŋ-s/
English suitable

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 當
Reading # 2/2
No. 11122
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		譡
Old
Chinese 		/*taːŋs/

Definitions

[edit]

當

  1. to take sides

Etymology 5

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

當

  1. Alternative form of 噹 / 当 (“clang; clank; ding-dong”)

Etymology 6

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

當

  1. A meaningless suffix.

Etymology 7

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

當

  1. (Southern Min) at the time; right now; just happen

Etymology 8

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 當 – see 張 (“to string a bow; to pull a bowstring taut; to stretch; to open up; to spread; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 張).

Etymology 9

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 當 – see 今 (“now; at present; current; modern times; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 今).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

当

Kyūjitai

當

Kanji

[edit]
當

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 当)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 当

Readings

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

當 (eumhun 마땅할 당 (mattanghal dang))

  1. hanja form? of 당 (“appropriate”)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

當: Hán Nôm readings: đương, đáng, đang

  1. chữ Hán form of đang (“currently; just; now”).
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