TIEMPOS VERBALES PASADOS

Tiempo Verbal Ejemplos en

inglés

Past Simple muestra que la acción ocurrió en el pasado Did he speak?

Past Continuous muestra que la acción estaba en progreso en algún momento Was he speaking?
en el pasado

Past Perfect muestra que la acción había sido completada antes de algún Had he spoken?
momento en el pasado

Past Perfect muestra que la acción empezó en el pasado y continuó hasta Had he been
Continuous algún momento en el pasado speaking?

Conditional Perfect 1. muestra una acción en el pasado que “tendría que” suceder Would he have
pero no sucedió por algún otro acontecimiento o circunstancia2. spoken?
muestra la probabilidad de una acción que ya ha sido
completada

Conditional muestra una acción que podría haber ocurrido en el pasado Would he have
Continuous Perfect been speaking?

TIEMPOS VERBALES PRESENTES

Tiempo Verbal Ejemplos en inglés

Present Simple muestra que la acción ocurre en el presente Does he speak?

Present Continuous muestra que la acción está en progreso en el presente Is he speaking?

Present Perfect muestra que la acción fue completada antes del Has he spoken?
presente

Present Perfect muestra que la acción empezó en el pasado y continuó Has he been
Continuous hasta el presente speaking?

Conditional Simple muestra acciones que posiblemente podrían llevarse a Would he speak?
cabo,
así como para las solicitudes de cortesía y expresar
deseos

Conditional Continuo muestra que posiblemente la acción tendría Would he be

continuidad speaking?

TIEMPOS VERBALES FUTUROS

Tiempo Verbal Ejemplos en inglés
Future Simple muestra que la acción ocurrirá en el futuro Will he speak?
Future Continuous muestra que la acción estará en progreso en algún Will he be speaking?
 momento en el futuro
Future Perfect muestra que la acción será completada antes de algún Will he have spoken?
momento en el futuro
Future Perfect muestra que la acción continuará hasta algún momento Will he have been
Continuous en el futuro speaking?
Future going to muestra que la acción ocurrirá en el futuro (con mayor Is he going to speak?
certeza)

Resumen estructura de los tiempos verbales en

inglés y ejemplos
To be presente

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (am, is, are) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + (am, is, are) + not + complemento.
 Pregunta: (am, is, are) + sujeto + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. I am a good student. (Yo soy un buen estudiante)

2. We are old friends. (Nosotros somos viejos amigos)
3. She is not sick today. (Ella no está enferma hoy)
4. She is not a young woman. (Ella no es una mujer joven)
5. Is the sky clear? (¿El cielo está limpio?)
6. Are they brothers? (¿Ellos son hermanos?)

To be pasado

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (was, were) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + (was, were) + not + complemento.
 Pregunta: (was, were) + sujeto + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. It was a good movie. (Fue una buena película)

2. We were married. (Nosotros estábamos casados)
3. He wasn’t a happy child. (Él no era un niño feliz)
4. She wasn’t a stranger to him. (Ella no era una extraña para él)
5. Was he her boyfriend? (¿Él era su novio?)
6. Was the party boring? (¿La fiesta estaba aburrida?)

To be futuro

 Afirmación: Sujeto + will + be + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + will + not + be + complemento.
  Pregunta: Will + sujeto+ be + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. He will be a lawyer. (Él será un abogado)

2. Tomorrow will be Monday. (Mañana será lunes)
3. He won’t be in his office. (Él no estará en su oficina)
4. We won’t be busy next week. (Nosotros no estaremos ocupados la siguiente semana)
5. Will she be absent from class tomorrow? (¿Ella no estará en clase mañana?)
6. Will the sky be clear? (¿El cielo estará limpio?)

Presente simple

 Afirmación: Sujeto + verbo ( con terminación -s o -es o -ies si es tercera persona) + complemento.
 Negación: Sujeto + (do, does) + not + verbo + complemento.
 Pregunta: (do o does) + sujeto + verbo + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. She reads the newspaper every day. (Ella lee el periódico cada día)
2. We come to school by bus. (Nosotros vamos a la escuela en autobús)
3. You do not watch television every night. (Tú no ves televisión todas las noches)
4. He does not carry the books in a briefcase. (Él no lleva los libros en un maletín)
5. Does she want to learn French? (¿Ella quiere aprender francés?)
6. Does he speak German? (¿Él habla alemán?)

Pasado simple

 Afirmación: Sujeto + verbo (en pasado) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + did + not + verbo + complemento.
 Pregunta: Did + sujeto + verbo + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. She wanted to visit London. (Ella quiso visitar Londres)

2. He watched television until twelve o’clock last night. (Él vio televisión hasta las 12 anoche)
3. I didn’t paint my house last weekend. (Yo no pinté mi casa el fin de semana pasado)
4. Mr. Green didn’t work with my uncle. (El Sr. Green no trabajó con mi tío)
5. Did he see her on the street yesterday? (¿Él la vio en la calle ayer?)
6. Did she send her child to a summer camp? (¿Ella envió a su hijo a un campamento de verano?)

Futuro simple

 Afirmación: Sujeto + will + verbo + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + will + not + verbo + complemento.
 Pregunta: Will + sujeto + verbo + complemento?

Ejemplos:
 1. They will play tennis next Sunday. (Ellos jugarán tenis el próximo domingos)
2. He will study for his English class. (Él estudiará para su clase de inglés)
3. We will not eat together tomorrow. (Nosotros no comeremos juntos mañana)
4. She will not attend church next Saturday. (Ella no irá a la iglesia el siguiente sábado)
5. Will she like to sit in the sun? (¿A ella le gustará sentarse en el sol?)
6. Will we play in the park next week? (¿Nosotros jugaremos en el parque la siguiente semana?)

Presente perfecto

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (have, has) + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + (have, has) + not + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento.
 Pregunta: (have, has) + sujeto + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. He has finished reading my book. (Él ha terminado de leer mi libro)

2. You have invested in something revolutionary. (Tú has invertido en algo revolucionario)
3. He hasn’t read the book that you gave me yesterday. (El no ha leído el libro que me diste ayer)
4. She hasn’t spoken with him. (Ella no ha hablado con él)
5. Have you cooked something special for me? (¿Tú has cocinado algo especial para mí?)
6. Have you worked in that firm for many years? (¿Has trabajado en esa empresa por muchos años?)

Pasado perfecto

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (had) + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + (had) + not + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento.
 Pregunta: (had) + sujeto + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. She had told me what you said. (Ella me había dicho lo que dijiste)
2. She had seen every show in the city. (Ella había visto cada espectáculo en la ciudad)
3. It had not rained for the last month. (No había llovido durante el último mes)
4. They had not completed the project. (Ellos no habían completado el proyecto)
5. Had they lost my book? (¿Ellos habían perdido mi libro?)
6. Had he forgotten what I said? (¿Él había olvidado lo que dije?)

Futuro perfecto

 Afirmación: Sujeto + will + (have) + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + will + (have) + not + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento.
 Pregunta: Will + sujeto + (have) + verbo (en pasado participio) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. He will have read the book that you gave me yesterday. (El habrá leído el libro que me diste ayer)
2. She will have spoken with him several times. (Ella habrá hablado con él varias veces)
3. You will not have slept for more than fourteen hours. (Tú no habrás dormido por más de catorce
horas)
4. He will not have given up the tournament. (Él no habrá abandonado el torneo)
5. Will she have finished her homework? (¿Ella habrá terminado su tarea?)
6. Will he have returned my car? (¿El habrá regresado mi automóvil?)
Presente continuo

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (am, is, are) + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + (am, is, are) + not + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.
 Pregunta: (am, is, are) + sujeto + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. She is reading the newspaper in the living room. (Ella está leyendo el periódico en la sala)
2. You are working very hard. (Tú estás trabajando muy duro)
3. They aren’t waiting for you. (Ellos no te están esperando)
4. It isn’t raining. (No está lloviendo)
5. Are they playing in the park? (¿Ellos están jugando en el parque?)
6. Is she doing the work of two people? (¿Ella está haciendo el trabajo de dos personas?)

Pasado continuo

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (was, were) + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + (was, were) + not + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.
 Pregunta: (was, were) + sujeto + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. The boy was crying because his toy is broken. (El niño estaba llorando porque su juguete está roto)
2. The telephone was ringing. (El teléfono estaba sonando)
3. They weren’t eating in the restaurant on the corner. (Ellos no estaban comiendo en el restaurante de
la esquina)
4. She wasn’t traveling to Europe. (Ella no estaba viajando a Europa)
5. Was he knocking the door? (¿Él estaba tocando la puerta?)
6. Were they waiting for you? (¿Ellos te estaban esperando?)

Futuro continuo

 Afirmación: Sujeto + will + be + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + will + not + be + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.
 Pregunta: Will + sujeto+ be + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. We will be eating lunch at noon. (Nosotros estaremos comiendo el almuerzo al mediodía)

2. She will be waiting for him on the corner. (Ella lo estará esperando en la esquina)
3. If you come before lunch, she will not be reading the newspaper. (Si vienes antes del almuerzo, ella
no estará leyendo el periódico)
4. You will not be working very hard tomorrow morning. (Tú no estarás trabajando muy duro mañana
por la mañana)
5. Will she be waiting for him on the corner? (¿Ella lo estará esperando en la esquina?)
6. Will it be raining in a few minutes? (¿Estará lloviendo en unos minutos?)

Presente perfecto continuo

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (have, has) + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.

  Negación: Sujeto + (have, has) + not + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.
 Pregunta: (have, has) + sujeto + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. We have been visiting them once a week for the last year. (Nosotros los hemos estado visitando una
vez por semana durante el último año)
2. It has been raining all day. (Ha estado lloviendo una vez todo el día)
3. I have not been working in that firm for many years. (Yo no he estado trabajando en esa
empresa por muchos años)
4. She has not been talking with him all morning. (Ella no ha estado hablando con él toda la mañana)
5. Have they been living here for two years? (¿Ellos has estado viviendo aquí por dos años?)
6. Has she been studying German since she was in high school? (¿Ella ha estado estudiando alemán
desde la preparatoria?)

Pasado perfecto continuo

 Afirmación: Sujeto + (had) + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + (had) + not + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.
 Pregunta: (had) + sujeto + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. I had been cooking something special for you. (Yo había estado cocinando algo especial para ti)
2. I had been working in that firm for many years. (Yo había estado trabajando en esa empresa por
muchos años)
3. I had not been working for my uncle. (Yo no había estado trabajando para mi tío)
4. We had not been talking for more than two hours. (Nosotros no habíamos estado hablando por más
de dos horas)
5. Had they been completing the project? (¿Ellos habían estado completando el proyecto?)
6. Had he been reading the book? (¿El había estado leyendo el libro?)

Futuro perfecto continuo

 Afirmación: Sujeto + will + (have) + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.

 Negación: Sujeto + will + (have) + not + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento.
 Pregunta: Will + sujeto + (have) + been + verbo (terminación -ing) + complemento?

Ejemplos:

1. We will have been talking for more than two hours. (Nosotros habremos estado hablando por más
de dos horas)
2. They will have been completing the project. (Ellos habrán estado completando el proyecto)
3. I won’t have been cooking something special for you. (Yo no habré estado cocinando algo especial
para ti)
4. I won’t have been working in that firm for many years. (Yo no habré estado trabajando en esa
empresa por muchos años)
5. Will we have been talking for more than two hours? (¿Nosotros habremos estado hablando por más
de dos horas?)
6. Will he have been reading the book? (¿El habrá estado leyendo el libro?)
Tag questions
Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement into a question. They are often used for checking
information that we think we know is true.

Tag questions are made using an auxiliary verb (for example: be or have) and a subject pronoun (for
example: I, you, she). Negative question tags are usually contracted: It's warm today, isn't it (not 'is it not')

Usually if the main clause is positive, the question tag is negative, and if the main clause is negative, it's
positive. For example: It's cold (positive), isn't it (negative)? And: It isn't cold (negative), is it (positive)?

If the main clause has an auxiliary verb in it, you use the same verb in the tag question. If there is no
auxiliary verb (in the present simple and past simple) use do / does / did (just like when you make a normal
question).

There is one weird exception: the question tag after I am is aren't I.

For example: I'm in charge of the food, aren't I?

Postive sentences, with negative tags

Present simple 'be' She's Italian, isn't she?

Present simple other verbs They live in London, don't they?
Present continuous We're working tomorrow, aren't we?
Past simple 'be' It was cold yesterday, wasn't it?
Past simple other verbs He went to the party last night, didn't he?
Past continuous We were waiting at the station, weren't we?
Present perfect They've been to Japan, haven't they?
Present perfect continuous She's been studying a lot recently, hasn't she?
Past perfect He had forgotten his wallet, hadn't he?
Past perfect continuous We'd been working, hadn't we?
Future simple She'll come at six, won't she?
Future continuous They'll be arriving soon, won't they?
Future perfect They'll have finished before nine, won't they?
Future perfect continuous She'll have been cooking all day, won't she?
Modals He can help, can't he?
Modals John must stay, mustn't he?

Negative sentences, with positive tags

Present simple 'be' We aren't late, are we?

Present simple other verbs She doesn't have any children, does she?
Present continuous The bus isn't coming, is it?
Past simple 'be' She wasn't at home yesterday, was she?
Past simple other verbs They didn't go out last Sunday, did they?
Past continuous You weren't sleeping, were you?
Present perfect She hasn't eaten all the cake, has she?
Present perfect continuous He hasn't been running in this weather, has he?
Past perfect We hadn't been to London before, had we?
Past perfect continuous You hadn't been sleeping, had you?
Future simple They won't be late, will they?
Future continuous He'll be studying tonight, won't he?
Future perfect She won't have left work before six, will she?
Future perfect continuous He won't have been travelling all day, will he?
Modals She can't speak Arabic, can she?
Modals They mustn't come early, must they?

English grammar – Tag questions

Form

auxiliary verb + subject

1. We use the same auxiliary verb in the tag as in the main sentence. If there is no auxiliary verb in the main
sentence, we use do in the tag.
o You live in Spain, don’t you?
2. If the auxiliary verb in the sentence is affirmative, the tag is negative.
o You’re Spanish, aren’t you?
3. If the auxiliary verb in the sentence is negative, the tag is affirmative.
o You’re not Spanish, are you?

Meaning

1. We use tag questions to Confirm or check information or ask for agreement.

o You want to come with me, don’t you?
o You can swim, can’t you?
o You don’t know where the boss is, do you?
o This meal is horrible, isn’t it?
o That film was fantastic, wasn’t it?
2. We use tag questions to Check whether something is true.
o The meeting’s tomorrow at 9am, isn’t it?
o You won’t go without me, will you?

Additional points

1. In the present form of be: if the subject is “I”, the auxiliary changes to are or aren’t in the tag question.
o I’m sitting next to you, aren’t I?
o I’m a little red, aren’t I?
2. With let’s, the tag question is shall we?
o Let’s go to the beach, shall we?
o Let’s have a coffee, shall we?
3. With an imperative, the tag question is will you?
o Close the window, will you?
 o Hold this, will you?
4. We use an affirmative tag question after a sentence containing a negative word such as never, hardly,
nobody.
o Nobody lives in this house, do they?
o You’ve never liked me, have you?
5. When the subject is nothing, we use “it” in the tag question.
o Nothing bad happened, did it?
o Nothing ever happens, does it?
6. If the subject is nobody, somebody, everybody, no one, someone or everyone, we use “they” in the tag
question.
o Nobody asked for me, did they?
o Nobody lives here, do they?
7. If the main verb in the sentence is have (not an auxiliary verb), it is more common to use do in the tag
question.
o You have a Ferrari, don’t you?
o She had a great time, didn’t she?
8. With used to, we use “didn’t” in the tag question.
o You used to work here, didn’t you?
o He used to have long hair, didn’t he?
9. We can use affirmative tag questions after affirmative sentences to express a reaction such as surprise or
interest.
o You’re moving to Brazil, are you?

Pronunciation

1. If we don’t know the answer, it is a real question and we use a rising intonation with the tag question.
o You don’t know where the boss is, do you? ↗
2. If we know the answer and are just confirming the information a falling intonation is used with the tag
question.
o That film was fantastic, wasn’t it?

Ejemplos de Question Tags con oración principal imperativa:

Pay attention in class, will you?
(Pon atención en clase, ¿de acuerdo?)

Don't smoke in this place, will you?

(No fumes en este lugar, ¿de acuerdo?)

Order a pizza for tonight, will you?

(Ordena una pizza para esta noche, ¿de acuerdo?)

Don't stay up late, will you?

(No te quedes despierto muy tarde, ¿de acuerdo?)

Eat your vegetables, will you?

(Come tus vegetales, ¿de acuerdo?)
Ejemplos de Question Tags con oración principal de sugerencia:
Let's start our class, shall we?
(Comencemos nuestra clase, ¿de acuerdo?)

Let's not waste time, shall we?

(No desperdiciemos el tiempo, ¿de acuerdo?)

Let's take a break, shall we?

(Tomemos un descanso, ¿de acuerdo?)

Let's not rush this decision, shall we?

(No apresuremos esta decisión, ¿de acuerdo?)

Let's go home, shall we?

(Vámonos a casa, ¿de acuerdo?)

Appendix:English tag questions

Tag questions
Forms
Affirmative - Negative
The basic form consists of an affirmative statement followed by the negative interrogative form of the
auxiliary verb.
 You can play the piano, can't you?
Here the speaker believes the other person can play the piano, and is expecting the affirmative reply, and
would find the negative reply surprising.
Negative - Affirmative
Alternatively, the statement can be negative, followed by the affirmative interrogative form of the auxiliary
verb.
 But you can't play the violin, can you?
Here the speaker believes the other person can't play the violin, and is expecting the negative reply, and
would find the affirmative reply surprising.
This structure is often employed when making a very polite request.
 I couldn't have the afternoon off, could I?
Affirmative - Affirmative
There also exists the affirmative statement followed by the affirmative interrogative form of the auxiliary
verb.
 He can work next Sunday, can he?
Here the speaker is either
1. Asking a real question.
2. Confirming the veracity of a new piece of information.
Intonation
The voice tone is normally You can play the piano as a statement - in a flat, even voice.
The tag part can take two forms.
1. Falling tone. Means the speaker is almost completely sure he is correct.
2. Rising tone. Means the speaker is making an assumption and is not totally sure. They are actually
asking a question, although they still expect an affirmative reply.
 Rising tone. Normally at all times in the case of Affirmative - Affirmative.
Examples
Modals
 I can (do s/t), can't I?

 I can't (do s/t), can I?

 I could (do s/t), couldn't I?

 I couldn't (do s/t), could I?

 I will (do s/t), won't I?

 I'll (do s/t), won't I?

 I won't (do s/t), will I?

 I will (do s/t), shall I? - See below for uses of "shall".

 "Shall" and "shan't" are normally found only with first person singular and plural (I and We). The
tag question "shall I?" or "shall we?" is most commonly found as a real question asking for
clarification of a request for instructions.

 I'll lay the table then, shall I?

 I shall (do s/t), shan't I?

 I shan't (do s/t), shall I? - This form is very rare, and formal.

 "Shall" statements also take will tags.

 I shall (do s/t), won't I?

 I shan't (do s/t), will I?

 "Shall" is often used with let's when making a suggestion.

 Let's go to the beach, shall we?

 I would (do s/t), wouldn't I?

 I wouldn't (do s/t), would I?

 I should (do s/t), shouldn't I?

 I shouldn't (do s/t), should I?

 I ought to (do s/t), oughtn't I?

 I ought not to (do s/t), ought I?

 I oughtn't (do s/t), ought I?

 "ought" tag questions are not very common for the difficulty of using oughtn't "Ought" is sometimes
 found mixed with should. For example...

 I ought to (do s/t), shouldn't I?

 "Must" forms tag questions with both itself and with have to. Also, where "must" means obligation,
tag questions can be formed with both should and ought.

 I must (do s/t), mustn't I?

 I must (do s/t), shouldn't I?

 I mustn't (do s/t), must I?

 I mustn't (do s/t), should I?

 I mustn't (do s/t), ought I?

 I have to (do s/t), mustn't I? - For "don't have to" the tag question is formed with do, see below.

 "May" is rarely used in tag questions. Where may means permission, mayn't is sometimes used for
the tag, but it is very formal or dated. Where may means probability, mightn't is usually used for the
tag. "May not" is used in the statement clause, rather than "mayn't".

 I may (do s/t), mayn't I? - Request for permission

 I may not (do s/t), may I?

 I may (do s/t), mightn't I? - Ex.- The flight may be delayed, mightn't it?

 I may not (do s/t), might I?

 "Might" tag questions are almost exclusively used for probability statements

 I might (do s/t), mightn't I?

 I might not (do s/t), might I? - It is unusual to find "mightn't" in the statement clause.

Be/Do/Have auxiliaries
Be

 Tag questions using "be" as the main verb, or as the auxiliary verb, agree in tense as well as person,
except for the first person singular present, where aren't is used.

 I am your friend, aren't I?

 I am not your friend, am I?

 You are my friend, aren't you?

 You are not my friend, are you?

 He is my friend, isn't he?

  He isn't my friend, is he?

 I am working, aren't I?

 I am not working, am I?

 You are working, aren't you?

 You aren't working, are you?

 He is working, isn't he?

 He isn't working, is he?

 I was working, wasn't I?

 I wasn't working, was I?

 You were working, weren't you?

 You weren't working, were you?

 He was working, wasn't he?

 He wasn't working, was he?

 Similarly in the passive voice. A few examples...

 I am liked, aren't I?

 It isn't painted, is it?

 It was built, wasn't it?

Do

 In simple present and simple past tenses, the auxiliary don't or doesn't or didn't is used in the tag
with affirmative statements.

 I work, don't I?

 I don't work, do I?

 He works, doesn't he?

 He doesn't work, does he?

 I worked, didn't I?

 I didn't work, did I?

Have

 Where "have" means possess it is possible to use both don't, doesn't and haven't, hasn't as the tag
 auxiliary, but only in the present tense.

 Where "have" is used as an auxiliary verb, have tag questions are the only possibility.

 I have something, haven't I?

 I have something, don't I?

 He has something, hasn't he?

 He has something, doesn't he?

 I don't have anything, do I?

 He doesn't have anything, does he?

 I had something, didn't I?

 I didn't have something, did I?

 I have worked, haven't I?

 I haven't worked, have I?

 I had worked, hadn't I?

 I hadn't worked, had I?

 Some special cases of "have" tags

 Although have got means possession, the tag is always have or haven't

 I have got something, haven't I?

 I haven't got something, have I?

 I have to work, mustn't I?

 I have to work, don't I?

 I don't have to work, do I?

Special cases
Negative Adverbs

 Adverbs with a negative sense in the statement clause lead to the use of an affirmative tag.
Examples are...hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, never

 He almost never comes on time, does he?

 We can hardly hear it, can we?

 You can scarcely see it, can you?

  They rarely visit, do they?

 It makes no sense, does it?

Negative Subjects

 Similarly, subjects that are negative normally lead to an affirmative + affirmative tag question

 No-one came, did they?

 Nothing works, does it?

 None of them can help, can they?

Imperatives

 Imperatives are often tagged with will, won't, would, can, can't, could you?

 Give me a hand, will you?

 Hurry up, won't you?

 Close the door, would you?

 Give Jim a lift, can you?

 Keep quiet, can't you?

 Lend me a tenner, could you?

 A negative imperative is normally followed by will you?

 Don't do that again, will you?

 A suggestion using let's can be tagged with shall we?

 Let's see that new film, shall we?

Polite requests

 As mentioned in the introduction, polite requests are usually formulated as negative + affirmative
using a "polite" modal.

 I couldn't borrow your car, could I?

 It wouldn't be too much trouble for you, would it?

 Requests that start with phrases such as "I don't suppose that..." usually use a "polite" modal in
affirmative and tagged affirmatively.

 I don't suppose I could take the afternoon off, could I?