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Vehicle classification is a crucial task owing to vehicles' diverse and intricate features, such as edges, colors, shadows, corners, and textures. The accurate classification of vehicles enables their detection and identification on roads... more
Vehicle classification is a crucial task owing to vehicles' diverse and intricate features, such as edges, colors, shadows, corners, and textures. The accurate classification of vehicles enables their detection and identification on roads and facilitates the development of an electronic tollcollection system for smart cities. Furthermore, vehicle classification is useful for traffic signal control strategy. However, achieving accurate vehicle classification poses significant challenges due to the limited processing time for real-time applications, image resolution, illumination variations in the video, and other interferences. This study proposes a method for automated automobile detection, recognition, and classification using statistics derived from approximately 11,000 images. We employ SURF-based detection and different classifiers to categorize vehicles into three groups. The Traffic Management System (TMS) is crucial for studying mobility and smart cities. Our study achieves a high automobile classification rate of 91% with the medium Gaussian Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The paper's main objective is to analyze five object classifiers for vehicle recognition: Decision Tree, Discriminant Analysis, SVM, K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier (KNN), and Ensemble Classifier. In the discussion section, we present the limitations of our work and provide insights into future research directions.
This paper illustrates the application of Target detection, recognition and Destroyer using Subtraction algorithms and color enhancement technique to find the target and its position in video frame and then destroy it using laser beam. It... more
This paper illustrates the application of Target detection, recognition and Destroyer using Subtraction algorithms and color enhancement technique to find the target and its position in video frame and then destroy it using laser beam. It is one type of robot which could be used for many application like defense, industrial and mining workstation. It uses MATLAB r2012b as simulation tool for this application.
The major goal of this project is speaker identification with security. We provide security or encryption to open or access the system using correct 6 digit password so to access the robot user must be known the 6 digit password .This... more
The major goal of this project is speaker identification with security. We provide security or encryption to open or access the system using correct 6 digit password so to access the robot user must be known the 6 digit password .This speech identification system consists of comparing speech signal from speaker to the object database library. After comparing the system can identify the speaker. Based upon the identification of the speech we handle or control any appliances or object like ROBOT. For example if we speak forward in the microphone then speech identification system identify the word 'forward' and it indicates to the ROBOT to move forward. Keywords— Speech identification, voice identification, string matching in matlab, voice controlled robot
Currently wireless communication is a leading element of human life. We are experiencing 4G technology in 2017. Soon a time to come when 5G will suitable for almost wireless device. In future we require mobile and compact size antenna... more
Currently wireless communication is a leading element of human life. We are experiencing 4G technology in 2017. Soon a time to come when 5G will suitable for almost wireless device. In future we require mobile and compact size antenna structure which require higher efficiency and data rate in GHz frequency range. DRA (Dielectric resonator antenna) provides adequate functionality for above requirement. In this proposed paper, we discuss that RDRA (Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna) one model of DRA (Dielectric resonator antenna) is applicable for 5G application for variety of its features.
Finding parking availability for a specific time period is a very tedious job in urban areas. The Indian government now focusing on the smart city project, already they published city name for an upcoming smart city project. In smart city... more
Finding parking availability for a specific time period is a very tedious job in urban areas. The Indian government now focusing on the smart city project, already they published city name for an upcoming smart city project. In smart city application, intelligent transportation system (ITS) plays an important role- in that finding parking place, specifically for the car owner to avoid time computation, as well as congestion in traffic is going to be very important. In this article, we propose an intelligent car parking system for the smart city using Circle Hough Transform (CHT).
Currently, smart city project is running in INDIA for urban development. Under this project, intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the very significant step towards achieving the goal of reducing traffic congestion as well as... more
Currently, smart city project is running in INDIA for urban development. Under this project, intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the very significant step towards achieving the goal of reducing traffic congestion as well as different traffic monitoring applications, like - parking management, emergency vehicle detection, car speed detection, accidents detection, car counting etc. To achieve intelligent transportation system's goal for traffic monitoring, Image and video processing becomes a significant tool. In this article focus on vehicle counting, or say car counting for available online video (YouTube) using - Frame difference, Edge detection, Euclidean distance methods, Morphology, adaptive thresholding and effective prediction of center position with addition of calculation of change in positions, delta positions and Gaussian blur. To differentiate car as an object with another object, we consider here particular size for car objects or say four-wheelers objects, wh...
Searching for the parking space is a time-consuming task while visiting for shopping or unknown cities. Real-time parking management gets benefited for the development of the smart city and also reduces time for finding the parking place.... more
Searching for the parking space is a time-consuming task while visiting for shopping or unknown cities. Real-time parking management gets benefited for the development of the smart city and also reduces time for finding the parking place. In this chapter, different two types of modules for car parking are simulated using a combination of Hough transform, edge detection, and color enhancement method. Different car parking modules are circular shape-based: (i) parallel parking with a different radius and (ii) angle parking with the same radius. Real-time video is captured using an android smartphone with an IP camera. The proposed research work can enhance the solution for real-time parking solution in big malls and theater. Limitation and future scope of this will give motivation toward research work on an intelligent transportation system (ITS) development in India. For small-scale version here, we have used toy cars and bus with a different color for parking modules.
In today scenario city will try to modify in the form of smart city with better facilities in terms of education, social-economic life, better transportation availability, noise free – Eco-friendly environment availability, and... more
In today scenario city will try to modify in the form of smart city with better facilities in terms of education, social-economic life, better transportation availability, noise free – Eco-friendly environment availability, and ICTInformation and communication technology enabler for development in the city. In this paper, we are reviewing different work already done or draft by some research in the field of traffic control system – for better monitoring, tracking and managing using a computer vision system. Nowadays, most of the city installed with C.C.T.V. – camera for monitoring the traffic related activity. Keywords— Transportation Management System (TMS), CCTV camera, Gaussian mixture model, Video, Image processing, smart city, parking system, smart phone, Vehicle Tracking
In India, traffic control management is a difficult task due to an increment in the number of vehicles for the same infrastructure and systems. In the smart-city project, the Adaptive Traffic Light Control System (ATLCS) is one of the... more
In India, traffic control management is a difficult task due to an increment in the number of vehicles for the same infrastructure and systems. In the smart-city project, the Adaptive Traffic Light Control System (ATLCS) is one of the major research concerns for an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) development to reduce traffic congestion and accidents, create a healthy environment, etc. Here, we have proposed a Vehicular Density Value (VDV) based adaptive traffic light control system method for 4-way intersection points using a selection of rotation, area of interest, and Statistical Block Matching Approach (SBMA). Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Hardware-based results are shown in the result section. We have compared, the normal traffic light control system with the proposed adaptive traffic light control system in the results section. The same results are verified using a hardware (raspberry-pi) device with different sizes, colors, and shapes of vehicles using the same m...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance... more
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance cost, which is not affordable to all urban cities. The authors present statistical block matching algorithm (SBMA) for real-time parking management in small-town cities such as Bhavnagar using an in-built surveillance CCTV system, which is not installed for parking application. In particular, data from a camera situated in a mall was used to detect the parking status of some specific parking places using a region of interest (ROI). The method proposed computes the mean value of the pixels inside the ROI using blocks of different sizes (8 × 10 and 20 × 35), and the values were compared among different frames. When the difference between frames is more significant than a threshold, the process generates “no parking space for that place.” Otherwise, the ...
We present vehicle detection classification using the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) of the deep learning approach. The automatic vehicle classification for traffic surveillance video systems is challenging for the Intelligent... more
We present vehicle detection classification using the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) of the deep learning approach. The automatic vehicle classification for traffic surveillance video systems is challenging for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to build a smart city. In this article, three different vehicles: bike, car and truck classification are considered for around 3,000 bikes, 6,000 cars, and 2,000 images of trucks. CNN can automatically absorb and extract different vehicle dataset’s different features without a manual selection of features. The accuracy of CNN is measured in terms of the confidence values of the detected object. The highest confidence value is about 0.99 in the case of the bike category vehicle classification. The automatic vehicle classification supports building an electronic toll collection system and identifying emergency vehicles in the traffic.
In recent trends, digital information to the industrial integration for the intelligent transportation system (ITS) field is gaining importance for the researcher, academia, and industrial persons. Visual information helps to manage... more
In recent trends, digital information to the industrial integration for the intelligent transportation system (ITS) field is gaining importance for the researcher, academia, and industrial persons. Visual information helps to manage traffic systems in the industrial forum to build smart cities in developed countries. This paper presents vision-based real-time vehicle detection and Vehicle Speed Measurement (VSM) using morphology operation and binary logical process for an unplanned traffic scenario using image processing techniques. Vehicle detection and VSM help to reduce the number of accidents and improve road network efficiency. The bounding box size for vehicle detection is flexible according to vehicles' sizes on the road. We test this system with different colors and dimensions for a selected Region of Interest (ROI). The ROI sets using the two-line approach. Here, we compare the proposed system with the inter-frame difference method and the blob analysis method with recall, precision, and F1 performance parameters.
In recent trends, digital information to the industrial integration for the intelligent transportation system (ITS) field is gaining importance for the researcher, academia, and industrial persons. Visual information helps to manage... more
In recent trends, digital information to the industrial integration for the intelligent transportation system (ITS) field is gaining importance for the researcher, academia, and industrial persons. Visual information helps to manage traffic systems in the industrial forum to build smart cities in developed countries. This paper presents vision-based real-time vehicle detection and Vehicle Speed Measurement (VSM) using morphology operation and binary logical process for an unplanned traffic scenario using image processing techniques. Vehicle detection and VSM help to reduce the number of accidents and improve road network efficiency. The bounding box size for vehicle detection is flexible according to vehicles' sizes on the road. We test this system with different colors and dimensions for a selected Region of Interest (ROI). The ROI sets using the two-line approach. Here, we compare the proposed system with the inter-frame difference method and the blob analysis method with recall, precision, and F1 performance parameters.
We present vehicle detection classification using the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) of the deep learning approach. The automatic vehicle classification for traffic surveillance video systems is challenging for the Intelligent... more
We present vehicle detection classification using the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) of the deep learning approach. The automatic vehicle classification for traffic surveillance video systems is challenging for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to build a smart city. In this article, three different vehicles: bike, car and truck classification are considered for around 3,000 bikes, 6,000 cars, and 2,000 images of trucks. CNN can automatically absorb and extract different vehicle dataset's different features without a manual selection of features. The accuracy of CNN is measured in terms of the confidence values of the detected object. The highest confidence value is about 0.99 in the case of the bike category vehicle classification. The automatic vehicle classification supports building an electronic toll collection system and identifying emergency vehicles in the traffic.
In India, traffic control management is a difficult task due to an increment in the number of vehicles for the same infrastructure and systems. In the smart-city project, the Adaptive Traffic Light Control System (ATLCS) is one of the... more
In India, traffic control management is a difficult task due to an increment in the number of vehicles for the same infrastructure and systems. In the smart-city project, the Adaptive Traffic Light Control System (ATLCS) is one of the major research concerns for an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) development to reduce traffic congestion and accidents, create a healthy environment, etc. Here, we have proposed a Vehicular Density Value (VDV) based adaptive traffic light control system method for 4-way intersection points using a selection of rotation, area of interest, and Statistical Block Matching Approach (SBMA).  Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Hardware-based results are shown in the result section.  We have compared, the normal traffic light control system with the proposed adaptive traffic light control system in the results section. The same results are verified using a hardware (raspberry-pi) device with different sizes, colors, and shapes of vehicles using the same method.
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach-Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance... more
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach-Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance cost, which is not affordable to all urban cities. The authors present statistical block matching algorithm (SBMA) for real-time parking management in small-town cities such as Bhavnagar using an in-built surveillance CCTV system, which is not installed for parking application. In particular, data from a camera situated in a mall was used to detect the parking status of some specific parking places using a region of interest (ROI). The method proposed computes the mean value of the pixels inside the ROI using blocks of different sizes (8 Â 10 and 20 Â 35), and the values were compared among different frames. When the difference between frames is more significant than a threshold, the process generates "no parking space for that place." Otherwise, the method yields "parking place available." Then, this information is used to print a bounding box on the parking places with the color green/red to show the availability of the parking place. Findings-The real-time feedback loop (car parking positions) helps the presented model and dynamically refines the parking strategy and parking position to the users. A whole-day experiment/validation is shown in this paper, where the evaluation of the method is performed using pattern recognition metrics for classification: precision, recall and F1 score. Originality/value-The authors found real-time parking availability for Himalaya Mall situated in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, for 18th June 2018 video using the SBMA method with accountable computational time for finding parking slots. The limitations of the presented method with future implementation are discussed at the end of this paper.
Due to popularity of new invented technology towards digital world especially in different television and film industries in which use of different effect like fade, dissolve and cut due to abrupt and gradual transition are mostly... more
Due to popularity of new invented technology towards digital world especially in different television and film industries in which use of different effect like fade, dissolve and cut due to abrupt and gradual transition are mostly used.Large amount of data(GB,TB)can capture or stored can be stores into few amount of data or bytes(KB,MB)with the help of compressed domain, it may be very useful for data reduction in network.This article represents detection of cut and fades for different video and movie clip for compressed domain with use of Discrete Cosine Transform concept.Anyone can improve their own videos with the proper understanding of how these transitions are used to visually enhance a movie or video.For this detection of cut is done first with the help of absolute difference to sum ratio of D.C.coefficient and second with the help of normalised inner product of D.C.coefficient terms with the concept of shot boundary detection.Detection of fade is done with the help of mean of D.C.image.
Shot boundary detection and key frame extraction are current research area in video processing. This presented algorithm is useful to find gradual changes like fade and dissolve in sequence of frames in compressed domain, which are... more
Shot boundary detection and key frame extraction are current research area in video processing. This presented algorithm is useful to find gradual changes like fade and dissolve in sequence of frames in compressed domain, which are difficult to detect than sharp transitions in the video. These algorithms use the concept of D.C. Coefficients and D.C image. One algorithm is used to find the fade effect and other algorithm is used to detect dissolve effect. Algorithm used for finding fade effect uses calculation of mean of D.C image and algorithm used for finding dissolve effect uses calculation of variance of D.C image.
Face recognition system is a computer application which automatically identifies person from digital image from source. Face recognition involves: Face detection, feature extraction and matching... more
Face recognition system is a computer application which automatically
identifies person from digital image from source. Face recognition involves: Face detection, feature extraction and matching with database images. Face is detected from images by using Viola-Jones algorithm using MATLAB, and some features like eye, nose and mouth are also extracted. Then face is recognized by PCA method by using latent and in Histogram method by using median value by comparing it with stored database of the images.
This paper illustrates the application of Target detection, recognition and Destroyer using Subtraction algorithms and color enhancement technique to find the target and its position in video frame and then destroy it using laser beam. It... more
This paper illustrates the application of Target detection, recognition and Destroyer using Subtraction algorithms and color enhancement technique to find the target and its position in video frame and then destroy it using laser beam. It is one type of robot which could be used for many application like defense, industrial and mining workstation. It uses MATLAB r2012b as simulation tool for this application.
The major goal of this project is speaker identification with security. We provide security or encryption to open or access the system using correct 6 digit password so to access the robot user must be known the 6 digit password .This... more
The major goal of this project is speaker identification with security. We provide security or encryption to open or access the system using correct 6 digit password so to access the robot user must be known the 6 digit password .This speech identification system consists of comparing speech signal from speaker to the object database library. After comparing the system can identify the speaker. Based upon the identification of the speech we handle or control any appliances or object like ROBOT. For example if we speak forward in the microphone then speech identification system identify the word 'forward' and it indicates to the ROBOT to move forward.
Face expression analysis and recognition has been one of the fast developing areas due to its wide range of application areas such as emotion analysis, biometrics, image retrieval and is one of the subjects on which lots of research has... more
Face expression analysis and recognition has been one of the fast developing areas due to its wide range of application areas such as emotion analysis, biometrics, image retrieval and is one of the subjects on which lots of research has been done through solving the problems occurring in recognition of the face expressions under different illuminations, orientations and numerous other variations.
Currently wireless communication is a leading element of human life. We are experiencing 4G technology in 2017. Soon a time to come when 5G will suitable for almost wireless device. In future we require mobile and compact size antenna... more
Currently wireless communication is a leading element of human life. We are experiencing 4G technology in 2017. Soon a time to come when 5G will suitable for almost wireless device. In future we require mobile and compact size antenna structure which require higher efficiency and data rate in GHz frequency range. DRA (Dielectric resonator antenna) provides adequate functionality for above requirement. In this proposed paper, we discuss that RDRA (Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna) one model of DRA (Dielectric resonator antenna) is applicable for 5G application for variety of its features.
Searching for the parking space is a time-consuming task while visiting for shopping or unknown cities. Real-time parking management gets benefited for the development of the smart city and also reduces time for finding the parking place.... more
Searching for the parking space is a time-consuming task while visiting for shopping or unknown cities. Real-time parking management gets benefited for the development of the smart city and also reduces time for finding the parking place. In this chapter, different two types of modules for car parking are simulated using a combination of Hough transform, edge detection, and color enhancement method. Different car parking modules are circular shape-based: (i) parallel parking with a different radius and (ii) angle parking with the same radius. Real-time video is captured using an android smartphone with an IP camera. The proposed research work can enhance the solution for real-time parking solution in big malls and theater. Limitation and future scope of this will give motivation toward research work on an intelligent transportation system (ITS) development in India. For small-scale version here, we have used toy cars and bus with a different color for parking modules.
Real-time traffic monitoring and parking are very important aspects for the better social and economic system. Python-based Intelligent Parking Management System (IPMS) module using a USB camera and a canny edge detection method is... more
Real-time traffic monitoring and parking are very important aspects for the better social and economic system. Python-based Intelligent Parking Management System (IPMS) module using a USB camera and a canny edge detection method is developed. What is the current situation of real-time parking slot is checked online! and same time using mobile application with a message of Parking “Available” or “Not available” for 10 parking slots. In addition to that, at the time entering in parking module, gate open and at the time of exit parking module, the gate closes automatically using servomotor and sensors. Results are displayed in figures with the proposed method flow chart.
finding parking availability for a specific time period is a very tedious job in urban areas. T he Indian government now focusing on t he smart city project, already they published city name for a n upcoming smart city project. In smart... more
finding parking availability for a specific time period is
a very tedious job in urban areas. T he Indian government now
focusing on t he smart city project, already they published city
name for a n upcoming smart city project. In smart city
application , intelligent transportation system (ITS) plays an
important role- in that finding parking place, specifically for the
car owner to avoid time computation, as well as congestion in traffic is going to be very important. In this article, we propose
an intelligent car parking system for the smart city using Circle
Hough Transform (CHT)
Currently, smart city project is running in INDIA for urban development. Under this project, intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the very significant step towards achieving the goal of reducing traffic congestion as well as... more
Currently, smart city project is running in INDIA for urban development. Under this project, intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the very significant step towards achieving the goal of reducing traffic congestion as well as different traffic monitoring applications, like-parking management, emergency vehicle detection, car speed detection, accidents detection, car counting etc. To achieve intelligent transportation system's goal for traffic monitoring, Image and video processing becomes a significant tool. In this article focus on vehicle counting, or say car counting for available online video (YouTube) using-Frame difference, Edge detection, E u c l i d e a n d i s t an c e m e t h o d s , Morphology, adaptive thresholding a n d e f f e c t i v e p r e d i c t i o n of c e n t e r position with addition of calculation of change in positions, delta positions and Gaussian blur. To differentiate car as an object with another object, we consi der h e r e particular size for car objects or say four-wheelers objects, which are different then pedestrians available on the road, as well as different static objects-like a tree, posters available on road etc. Here simulation results check for Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai traffic related video available with different resolution on YouTube. Also with night traffic conditions. For, Ahmedabad Traffic vi de o , simulation results validate using recall, precision, and F1 parameter.
In today scenario city will try to modify in the form of smart city with better facilities in terms of education, social-economic life, better transportation availability, noise free-Eco-friendly environment availability, and... more
In today scenario city will try to modify in the form of smart city with better facilities in terms of education, social-economic life, better transportation availability, noise free-Eco-friendly environment availability, and ICT-Information and communication technology enabler for development in the city. In this paper, we are reviewing different work already done or draft by some research in the field of traffic control system-for better monitoring, tracking and managing using a computer vision system. Nowadays, most of the city installed with C.C.T.V.-camera for monitoring the traffic related activity.