Maurílio T Dutra

This was a placebo-controlled randomized study that aimed to investigate the effects of strength training (ST) combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscle performance and thickness. Forty-two women (age, 23.8 ± 2.7 years; body mass, 58.7 ± 11.0 kg; height, 1.63 ± 0.1 m) were allocated into 3 groups: vitamins (n = 15), placebo (n = 12), or control (n = 15). The vitamins and placebo groups underwent an ST program, twice a week, for 10 weeks. The vitamins group was supplemented with vitamins C (1 g/day) and E (400 IU/day) during the ST period. Before and after training, peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer, and quadriceps muscle thickness (MT) was assessed by ultrasound. Mixed-factor ANOVA was used to analyze data and showed a significant group × time interaction for PT and TW. Both the vitamins (37.2 ± 5.4 to 40.3 ± 5.6 mm) and placebo (39.7 ± 5.2 to 42.5 ± 5.6 mm) groups increased MT after the intervention (P < 0.05) with no diffe...

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O exercício físico é conhecido por promover vários benefícios à saúde. Juntamente com a suplementação com óleo de uma fruta muito conhecida na região central da América do Sul, o pequi, argumenta-se que determinadas adaptações ao exercício físico podem ser potencializadas, como a melhora da composição corporal e a redução da pressão arterial. No entanto, poucos estudos estão disponíveis sobre esse assunto e não são conclusivos. Objetivo: investigar o efeito da suplementação com óleo de pequi associada à prática de exercícios físicos na composição corporal e na pressão arterial de indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Vinte e três sujeitos (30,2 ± 5,7 anos, 1,66 ± 0,09 m, 71,5 ± 15,4 Kg) foram alocados em dois grupos: exercício com suplementação (ExeS, n = 11) e exercício sem suplementação (Exe , n = 12). O ExeS e o Exe realizaram pelo menos duas sessões de exercícios por semana por um período de trinta dias. Além disso, o ExeS foi suplementado com 400mg / dia de cápsulas de óleo de pequi. ...

To investigate the hemodynamic responses, especially HPE following different resistance exercises RE protocols in young adult subjects. Eighty-nine men (28.0 ± 3.4 years, 82.0 ± 5.4 kg, and 26.4 ± 2.1 kg/m2) participated in the present study and were randomly allocated into six groups as follows: (a) control group (n = 12), (b) circuit group (n = 19), (c) 50% Group (n = 12), (d) 70% Group (n = 14), (e) 80% Group (n = 13), and (f) 90% Group (n = 19). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 7 different times: rest, 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min after the RE section. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05. Different RE protocols with the same total volume elicit different hemodynamic responses. Interestingly, all groups, except for the 90% group presented systolic blood pressure (SBP) SBP area under the curve to be significantly lower than control. In addition, all RE groups, except for the 90% group, elicited a reduction of SBP from 60 to 120 min after exercise compared with pre-exercise values. Our findings suggest RE as an optimal tool for the control of blood pressure (BP), as it promotes a post-exercise hypotension. In addition, different protocols of RE lead to different BP response.

Pequi is a typical fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado. Its pulp contains antioxidants and fatty acids. Intake of these substances is related to lowering blood pressure. However, literature is scarce regarding the effect of pequi oil supplementation on blood pressure. Aim: To analyze the effect of pequi oil supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure after a strength training session. Methods: Twelve men (21.1 ± 2.6 years, 77.0 ± 10.5kg) underwent pequi oil supplementation for 14 days. Before and after this period, they performed a bench press exercise session. Blood pressure was measured at rest, immediately after exercise, at 10, 20, 30 and 40 min of recovery. Results: Both before (+10.6mmHg, P=0.03) and after supplementation (+13.1mmHg, P=0.02), systolic blood pressure increased immediately after exercise. However, there was no significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in relation to resting values at any time point, neither before nor after supplemen...

Introduction It is known that strength training brings improvements in health and sports performance by causing muscle hypertrophy and increased strength, as well as modifying some hemodynamic and physiological factors. Several strength training methodologies have been developed, one of which is vascular occlusion. There are few studies with large muscle groups due to poor adherence to the training style and the fact that vascular occlusion of large muscle groups is more difficult. Objective To verify and compare the hemodynamic effects of exercise with and without vascular occlusion in different muscle groups. Methods Quantitative crossover study, with cross-sectional and field procedures. The sample consisted of 10 physically active healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age. With the cross-over design, all the volunteers participated in 3 groups: intervention with vascular occlusion, intervention without vascular occlusion and the control group. Results Overa...

Intense muscle contractile activity can result in reactive oxygen species production in humans. Thus, supplementation of antioxidant vitamins has been used to prevent oxidative stress, enhance performance, and improve muscle mass. In this sense, randomized controlled studies on the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation combined with strength training (ST) on skeletal muscle mass and strength have been conducted. As these studies have come to ambiguous findings, a better understanding of this topic has yet to emerge. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the current knowledge about the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on muscle mass and strength gains induced by ST. Search for articles was conducted in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. This work is in line with the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. Eligible studies were placebo-controlled trials with a mini...

Strength training (ST) is known to promote muscle hypertrophy and body composition adaptations. However, only a few studies investigated the effects of ST combined with antioxidant supplementation (AS) on these adaptations. The aim of this study was to investigate chronic effects of ST combined with AS on fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) of young women. In a double-blinded design, thirty-three subjects (22.9 ± 2.5 years, 57.7 ± 8.4 kg, 1.6 ± 0.6 m) were allocated into three groups: 1) vitamins (n=12), 2) placebo (n=11) and 3) control (n=10). Vitamins and placebo underwent a ST program for 10 weeks. Vitamins supplemented with vitamin C (1g/day) and E (400IU/day) during the training period. FM and FFM were assessed by DEXA. Multiple 3 x 2 (group x time) mixed-factor ANOVA with Tukey adjustment was performed to examine differences in the dependent variables. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05. Only placebo increased total FFM (34.9 ± 4.9 vs 36.3 ± 4.8 kg, P<0.05) and dec...

PURPOSE To analyze the influence of inflammatory parameters and substitute insulin resistance indices on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) development in elderly women, as well as to compare anthropometric measures and metabolic parameters according to the presence of type 2 DM and HbA1c levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty elderly women (67.9 ± 6.0 years) were submitted to anthropometric analysis, determination of inflammatory and metabolic parameters. They also underwent indices of lipid accumulation product (LAP), high density triglyceride/lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), as well as TyG by body mass index (BMI) ratio (TyG-BMI) assessment. RESULTS Body mass index, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2, blood glucose, TG, LAP, TG/HDL, TyG and TyG-BMI were significantly higher in elderly women with DM compared to non-diabetic women. LAP ≥ 55.4 (OR = 2.29; P = .027); TyG ≥ 8.8 (OR = 3.52; P < .001) and TyG-BMI ≥ 264.8 (OR = 3.54; P = .001) were identified as risk factors for DM. CONCLUSION High pro-inflammatory parameters, low levels of anti-inflammatory markers and higher levels of substitute insulin resistance indices are risk predictors for DM development in elderly women in primary health care.

Introduction: Pre-prandial exercise promotes greater mobilization of fat metabolism due to the increased release of catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon. However, this response affects how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise. Objective: To evaluate the response of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and rate-pressure product (RPP) to pre- and postprandial exercise. Methods: Ten physically active male subjects (25.50 ± 2.22 years) underwent two treadmill protocols (pre- and postprandial) performed for 36 minutes at 65% of VO2max on different days. On both days, subjects attended the laboratory on a 10-hour fasting state. For the postprandial session, volunteers ingested a pre-exercise meal of 349.17 kcal containing 59.3 g of carbohydrates (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), and 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%). Blood pressure, HR and RPP were measured before and after exercise. The 2x2 factorial Anova with the multiple comparisons test of Bonferroni ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) on body composition, muscle strength, and functional capacity in elderly women with and without sarcopenic obesity (SO). A total of 49 women (aged ≥60 years) were divided in two groups: without SO (non-SO, n=41) and with SO (n=8). Both groups performed a periodized RT program consisting of two weekly sessions for 16 weeks. All measures were assessed at baseline and postintervention, including anthropometry and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength (one repetition maximum) for chest press and 45° leg press, and functional capacity (stand up, elbow flexion, timed "up and go"). After the intervention, only the non-SO group presented significant reductions in percentage body fat (-2.2%;=0.006), waist circumference (-2.7%;=0.01), waist-to-hip ratio (-2.3;=0.02), and neck circumference (-1.8%;=0.03) as compared with baseline. Muscle strength in the chest press and bice...

This study introduces the Balance Exercises Circuit (BEC) and examines its effects on muscle strength and power, balance, and functional performance in older women. Thirty-five women aged 60+ (mean age = 69.31, SD = 7.35) were assigned to either a balance exercises group (BG, n = 14) that underwent 50-min sessions twice weekly, of a 12-week BEC program, or a wait-list control group (CG, n = 21). Outcome measures were knee extensor peak torque (PT), rate of force development (RFD), balance, Timed Up & Go (TUG), 30-s chair stand, and 6-min walk tests, assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Twenty-three participants completed follow-up assessments. Mixed analysis of variance models examined differences in outcomes. The BG displayed improvements in all measures at follow-up and significantly improved compared with CG on, isokinetic PT60, PT180 (p = 0.02), RFD (p < 0.05), balance with eyes closed (p values range .02 to <.01) and TUG (p = 0.03), all with medium effect sizes. No changes in outcome measures were observed in the CG. BEC improved strength, power, balance, and functionality in older women. The BEC warrants further investigation as a fall prevention intervention.

To compare adiposity indices and to assess their various cut-off values for the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women. One hundred forty nine volunteers (67.17±6.12 years) underwent body composition assessment using DXA and had 5 anthropometric indices measured (Waist Circumference, WC; Waist-to-Height Ratio, WHtR; Body Mass Index, BMI; Body Adiposity Index, BAI; and Conicity Index). Blood pressure was assessed using an oscillometric device and fasting blood samples were collected. MetS was classified according NCEP-ATP III. Cut-off values to predict MetS were obtained using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and odds ratios were also calculated. MetS prevalence was 29.5% and subjects who were classified with MetS showed worse cardiometabolic outcomes and higher anthropometric indices values (p<0.05). With the exception of total- and LDL-cholesterol, all remaining variables were significantly correlated with at least one of the adiposity indices, with the strongest relationships observed for the indices reflecting central body fat. The cut-off values were 88cm, 0.57cm/cm, 26.85kg/m(2), 43.7%, 36.34%, and 1.24 units for WC, WHtR, BMI, DXA-derived body fat percentage, BAI, and conicity index, respectively. Significant greater risks for MetS were found for volunteers who had WHtR (odds=9.08; CI: 1.81-45.47) or WC (odds=5.20; CI: 1.30-20.73) measurements above cut-off values. Adiposity indices are associated with MetS in postmenopausal women in different degrees. Indices which consider central adiposity such as WC and WHtR have a stronger relationship with MetS compared to DXA-derived body fat percentage, which is considered a gold standard.

To compare the clinical classification of the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) for the prediction of inflammatory and atherogenic lipid profile risk in older women. Cross-sectional analytical study with 277 elderly women from a local community in the Federal District, Brazil. PBF and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The investigated inflammatory parameters were interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein. Twenty-five percent of the elderly women were classified as normal weight, 50% overweight, and 25% obese by the BMI. The obese group had higher levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins than did the normal weight group (P≤0.05) and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) than did the overweight group (P≤0.05). According to the PBF, 49% of the elderly women were classified as eutrophic, 28% overweight, and 23% obese. In the binomial logistic regression analyses including age, FFM, and lipid profile, only FFM...

The purpose of this study was to investigate postexercise hypotension (PEH) during a 4-month period of resistance training in hypertensive elderly women. Sixty-four women were divided into 2 groups: an experimental group (EG), which performed resistance training, and a control group (CG) that did not practice any exercise. The EG carried out the following steps: (a) 3 weeks of exercise adaptation and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test (month 1); (b) resistance exercise at 60% 1RM (month 2); (c) resistance exercise at 70% 1RM (month 3); (d) resistance exercise at 80% 1RM (month 4); and (e) PEH analyses at the end of each month. Measurements of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were calculated each 5 minutes during a 20-minute resting period before the sessions and each 15 minutes during 1 hour of post-session recovery. Analysis of covariance for repeated measures showed a reduction in SBP of about 14 mm Hg (p ≤ 0.05) and in DBP of 3.6 mm Hg (p ≤ 0.05) between resting values after the training period. In the EG group, SBP showed acute PEH during months 2 and 3, whereas DBP showed acute PEH during months 2 and 4. The CG did not show acute PEH or variations during the 4-month period. Postexercise hypotension occurrence and chronic reduction of resting blood pressure observed in the EG may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system of the study participants.

Ageing is associated with changes in body composition that may result in sarcopenic obesity (SO). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are important inflammatory markers related to ageing. SO has been examined as an important public health problem, but its association with inflammatory markers has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SO-related phenotypes and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. A total of 130 women (66·7 ± 5·2 years) underwent body composition evaluation using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Volunteers were classified according to a SO definition previously described in the literature. Waist circumference (WC) and handgrip strength (HG) were also measured. Blood samples were collected for CRP, tumour necrosis factor and IL-6 measurements. All the inflammatory markers were higher in SO individuals when compared to non-SO; however, only IL-6 reached statistical significance (median 3·34 versu...

Background/Study Context: The association of body adiposity index (BAI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with inflammatory markers has yet to be understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the association of BAI and VAI with inflammatory markers in elderly women with sarcopenic obesity (SO). A total of 130 women (age: 66.7 ± 5.2 years) underwent body composition analysis by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Volunteers were classified according to SO definition. BAI, VAI, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Blood samples were collected for C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) measurements. SO prevalence was 20.8%. BAI correlated with the DEXA-derived body fat content (rS = .90), CRP (rS = .55), and IL-6 (rS = .53), whereas WHR correlated with CRP (rS = .60) only (all p < .01). VAI did not correlate with any of the inflammatory variables. Simple and cheap anthropometric indices such as BAI and WHR may be better predict...

To compare several anthropometric indices in the prediction of hypertension among adults. This is a cross-sectional study. Five hundred and eighteen adult men and women (40.9 ± 10.5 years; 1.62 ± .09 m; 72.3 ± 15.6 kg) volunteered to participate and underwent blood pressure and anthropometric measures. Anthropometric assessments were used to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), body adiposity index (BAI), and conicity index (C). Comparisons between men and women were carried out by independent -test and chi-square test. Cut-off points for each adiposity index to predict hypertension were obtained using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The significance level was set at ≤ .05. All adiposity indices regarding both genders showed significant odds ratios, except BAI (odds ratio: 1.534; CI: 0.916-2.571) for women. In men, WHR and WSR were considered as more balanced indices regarding their...