Emrah Kaya
Igdir University, Department of Animal Science, Department Member
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Department of Veterinary, Department MemberKahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ., Department of Animal Science, Department Memberadd
- Animal Science, Ruminant Nutrition, In Vitro, In Vivo, Livestock and Methane Production, Animal Nutrition, and 20 moreMethane Production Potential of Feedstufs, Feeds and Feeding Stuff, Livestock, Agriculture, Dep of Animal Science, Rumen Microbiology, Tannins, Essential oils, Ruminant nutrition and Dairy science, Protein, Sheep, Methane, Sheep and Goat Nutrition, Livestock Production, Animal feeding and nutrition, Quercus, Animal Sciences, Solid Waste Management, Waste Management, and Use of Agricultural and Industria Waste as Animal Feedsedit
The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of species on chemical composition, in vitro gas production, methane production, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), true substrate digestibility... more
The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of species on chemical composition, in vitro gas production, methane production, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), true substrate digestibility (TSD), partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein yield (MPY) and efficiency of microbial protein yield (EMP) of vetches grown in native pasture in Turkey. The species had a significant effect on the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, methane production, ME, OMD, TSD, PF, MPY and EMPY of vetch hays. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), gas production, methane production, ME, OMD, PF, MPY, EMPY and TSD ranged from 17.2 to 26.6 %, 41.3 to 61.5 %, 23.3 to 39.2 %, 89.5 to 125.0 ml, 14.6 to 19.4 ml, 7.8 to 10.0 MJ (kg /DM), 60.2 to 74.1 %, 3.2 to 4.0, 107.1 to 173.5 mg, 31.9 to 44.2 % and 60.4 to 82.1 % respectively. There is considerable amount of variation among vetch hay samples in terms of chemical compositions, gas production, CH4 production, MPY, EMPY and the other estimated parameters such as ME and OMD. The vetch hays studied in the current experiment have a potential to meet the CP, ME and fiber requirement of ruminant animals for growth and lactation. Based on the chemical composition and fermentation parameters, Vicia villosa can be recommended for hay production since it has a high CP, MPY and EMPY. However, before large implication
the biomass yield of vetch species should be tested.
the biomass yield of vetch species should be tested.
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Chemical composition, nutritive value and rumen methane potential of some legume tree pods Abstract The aim of the experiment was to determine the chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane production and rumen degradable substrate of... more
Chemical composition, nutritive value and rumen methane potential of some legume tree pods Abstract The aim of the experiment was to determine the chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane production and rumen degradable substrate of pods from five leguminous tree species (Leucaena leucocephala, Albiza julibrissin, Robinia pseudoacacia, Acacia karroo and Gleditsia triacanthos) fed to small ruminant animals in Turkey. The pods had adequate levels of crude protein (13-21% in DM), high levels of water soluble DM (30-50% in DM) and moderate levels of NDF (33-51% in DM). Concentrations of condensed tannin were relatively low (0.56-4.3% in DM) except for Gleditsia triacanthos (7.99%). In anin vitro rumen incubation, there was a close relationship (R 2 =0.75)) between level of condensed tannin in the pods and methane concentration in the gas for four of the five species. Gleditsia triacanthos with the highest level of condensed tannin (8.0%) and the highest level of methane in the gas (6.2%) did not fit this relationship; the high content of sugars reported for this species may have been the factor contributing to the atypical relationship between the condensed tannin content and methane production. Methane content of the gas was linearly related with rate of gas production (R 2 =0.91, dry matter mineralized over the 24 h incubation (R 2 =0.97) and with the content of waCer soluble dry matter in the pods (R 2 =0.99). The NDF content in the pods was a less reliable measure of methane production (R 2 =0.78).
Effect of species on chemical composition, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and methane production of some legume plants grown in ABSTRACT The aim of the current experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition,... more
Effect of species on chemical composition, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and methane production of some legume plants grown in ABSTRACT The aim of the current experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), gas and methane production of some legume plants estimated by in vitro gas production technique, and to determine the relationship among chemical composition, ME, OMD, gas and methane production of some legume plants. Although species has a significant effect on the chemical composition, gas production, ME and OMD species has no effect on methane emission of legume hays. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) ranged from 22.86% to 42.93% and 20.24% to 37.16% respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents of legume hays ranged from 13.61% to 20.55%. Neutral detergent fibre and ADF contents of legume plants are negatively correlated with gas production, ME and OMD. It can be concluded that legume plant studied in the current experiment showed a wide nutritional diversity and will provide not only protein but also fibre for livestocks. They may exhibit complementary role for ruminant animals grazing on poor quality forages. Legume species studied in the current experiment had a no anti-methanogenic properties.
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The current experiment was carried out to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of leaves of some vegetables for ruminant animals. The species significantly (P<0.001) affected the chemical composition of vegetable leaves.... more
The current experiment was carried out to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of leaves of some vegetables for ruminant animals. The species significantly (P<0.001) affected the chemical composition of vegetable leaves. The dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA) crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of vegetables leaves varied between 8.29 and 20.89%, 17.78 and 26.36%, 13.55 and 22.51%, 24.84 and 35.72%, and 16.18 and 25.93% respectively. The CP contents of leaves from Raphinus radicula and Raphinus sativus were significantly (P<0.001) higher than the other vegetables. The NDF content of leaves from Beta vulgaris was significantly (P<0.001) higher than the others. The ADF content of Raphinus sativus was significantly (P<0.001) higher than the others. The species significantly (P<0.001) affected the gas production, metabolisable energy and methane production although OMD of vegetable leaves was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by species. The gas production of vegetable leaves varied between 37.93 and 45.25 ml. The gas production of Daucus carota var atrorubens and Apium graveolens were significantly (P<0.001) higher than the others. The metabolisable energy ranged from 8.90 to 10.16 MJ/kg DM. The methane production (ml) varied between 6.67 ml to 11.13 ml. The methane production of Beta vulgaris was significantly (P<0.001) higher than the others. The percentage of methane production ranged from 17.60 to 25.46%. Leaves of vegetables from Daucus carota var atrorubens, Daucus carota, Raphinus radicula, Raphinus sativus, Apium graveolens and Beta vulgaris have a significant potential to provide considerable amount of energy and protein for ruminant animals. However high level of methane production potential of leaves of Beta vulgaris should be taken into consideration when included into ruminant diets.
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The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of species on the nutritive value and methane production of citrus pulps. Species had a significant effects (P<0.001) on the chemical composition, gas production, methane production,... more
The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of species on the nutritive value and methane production of citrus pulps. Species had a significant effects (P<0.001) on the chemical composition, gas production, methane production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of citrus pulps. Crude protein (CP) content of Citrus paradise was significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of the other citrus species. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of Citrus sinensis and Citrus reticulata were significantly (P<0.001) lower than the others. Methane production from Citrus reticulata was significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of Citrus limon and Citrus paradise. The ME of pulp from Citrus reticulata was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that of Citrus limon pulp whereas OMD of pulp from Citrus reticulata was significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of pulps from Citrus limon and Citrus paradise. As conclusion, citrus pulps from different species have a high potential as forage for ruminant animals since citrus pulps have high ME and OMD. However, the CP contents of citrus pulps should be taken into consideration and diets should be fortified with additional CP sources to compensate for the low crude protein when citrus pulps are included into ruminant diets.
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The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of maturity on the chemical composition, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD), gas and methane (CH 4) production, of Arbutus adrachne leaves used... more
The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of maturity on the chemical composition, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD), gas and methane (CH 4) production, of Arbutus adrachne leaves used for small ruminant animals in Turkey. Maturity had a significant effect on the chemical composition of Arbutus adrachne leaves. Crude ash(CA), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents increased with increasing maturity whereas ether extract (EE) and condensed tannin (CT) contents decreased with increasing maturity. Maturity had no significant effect on the in vitro gas production, CH4 , ME and OMD of Arbutus adrachne leaves. The crude protein content (CP) of Arbutus adrachne leaves is not sufficient to meet minimum level of CP requirement. Therefore, protein supplementation is required for optimum rumen function and feed intake in ruminant animals when large amount of Arbutus adrachne leaves were included into ruminant diets. However due to high condensed tannin content, Arbutus adrachne leaves may be used as a feed additive in ruminant diets to decrease the enteric methane production. However it should be tested in vivo before large implication.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the leaves of Liquidambar orientalis with the leaves of Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus in terms of their chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential using an in vitro gas... more
The aim of the present study was to compare the leaves of
Liquidambar orientalis with the leaves of Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus in terms of
their chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential using an in vitro gas production
technique. Species had a significant effect on the chemical composition, gas production, methane
production, metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility of the tree leaves. The crude
protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and condensed tannin
(CT) contents of the tree leaves ranged from 9.11 to 12.8, 22.49 to 35.85, 32.76 to 49.31, and
1.55 to 9.29%, respectively. The gas production, methane production, metabolizable energy
(ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) ranged from 21.72 to 31.54 mL, 2.62 to 4.41 mL,
6.62 to 9.24 MJ kg-1 dry matter (DM), and 41.23 to 54.84%, respectively. It is likely that the
leaves of L. orientalis would be more effective for methane mitigation in ruminant animals than
those of E. globules or L. nobilis. However, prior to widespread implementation, the effect of
the leaves of L. orientalis on animal production should be tested in vivo.
Liquidambar orientalis with the leaves of Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus in terms of
their chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential using an in vitro gas production
technique. Species had a significant effect on the chemical composition, gas production, methane
production, metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility of the tree leaves. The crude
protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and condensed tannin
(CT) contents of the tree leaves ranged from 9.11 to 12.8, 22.49 to 35.85, 32.76 to 49.31, and
1.55 to 9.29%, respectively. The gas production, methane production, metabolizable energy
(ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) ranged from 21.72 to 31.54 mL, 2.62 to 4.41 mL,
6.62 to 9.24 MJ kg-1 dry matter (DM), and 41.23 to 54.84%, respectively. It is likely that the
leaves of L. orientalis would be more effective for methane mitigation in ruminant animals than
those of E. globules or L. nobilis. However, prior to widespread implementation, the effect of
the leaves of L. orientalis on animal production should be tested in vivo.
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The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of drying with microwave irradiation on chemical composition, fermentation, metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility of oak nut (Quercus coccifera) using Hohenheim in... more
The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of drying with microwave irradiation on chemical composition, fermentation, metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility of oak nut (Quercus coccifera) using Hohenheim in vitro gas production technique. Microwave irradiation was applied to oak nut for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes. Microwave irradiation has no significant effect on the chemical composition except for dry matter and condensed tannin contents of oak nut. Microwave irradiation increased the dry matter contents whereas microwave irradiation decreased condensed tannins of oak nut. Although microwave irradiation has a significant effect on the gas production at early incubation times, it has no significant (P<0.001) effect on gas production at late incubation times. At early incubation times gas production linearly increased with time of microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation has no effect on the estimated parameters such as the total gas production, metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility whereas it increased gas production constant (c) of the plant. As a conclusion, microwave irradiation can be used to dry oak nut with high moisture when harvested without affecting the chemical composition and nutritive value of oak nut. However the effect of microwave irradiation should be tested further with in vivo experiment before large implication.
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The potential nutritive value of different fractions of honey locust was evaluated by their chemical composition and in vitro gas production method. There were significant (P<0.001) differences among parts of honey locust tree in terms of... more
The potential nutritive value of different fractions of honey locust was evaluated by their chemical composition and in vitro gas production method. There were significant (P<0.001) differences among parts of honey locust tree in terms of chemical composition. Crude ash (CA) content ranged from 2.55 to 9.19 % of DM with highest being for senescent leaves and lowest for seed of honey locust tree. Crude protein (CP) contents ranged from 7.72 to 17.2 % of DM with highest being for seed and lowest for pod and senescent leaves of honey locust tree. Cell wall contents such as neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Acid detergent lignin (ADL) ranged from 24.6 to 46.1, 16.9 to 30.6 and 7.89 to 10.4 % of DM respectively, with highest being for senescent leaves of honey locust tree. Starch contents ranged from 18.6 to 22.7 % of DM with highest being for seed and lowest for pod whereas starch was not detected in senescent leaves of honey locust tree. Condensed tannin (CT) contents ranged from 0.27 to 15.4% of DM with highest being for senescent leaves and lowest for seeds. Gas and methane productions at 24 h incubation ranged from 33.1 to 67.1, 5.48 to 9.68 ml with highest being for seed and lowest for senescent leaves of honey locust tree respectively. In conclusion, pod, seed and senescent leaves of honey locust tree have a potential to provide energy and protein for ruminant animals. However high level of condensed tannin in pods and senescent leaves of honey locust tree should be taken into consideration when included into ruminants diets.
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The aim of this study was to compare the macro and micro mineral composition of some protein sources used in livestock production in Turkey. There are significant (P<0.001) variations among protein sources. The legume grain sources had a... more
The aim of this study was to compare the macro and micro mineral composition of some protein sources used in livestock production in Turkey. There are significant (P<0.001) variations among protein sources. The legume grain sources had a significant (P<0.001) effect on the macro and micro mineral contents. The calcium (Ca) content of L. Sativus was significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of legume seeds and soybean meal (SBM). On the other hand phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) contents of legume grains was significantly lower than that of SBM. The zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) contents of legume seeds were significantly lower than that of SBM. Grains from Vicia pregrina, Pisum elatius and Vicia narbonensis are deficient in calcium to meet requirement of catfish and tilapia for optimum growth. Vicia peregrina, Pisum elatius and Vicia narbonensis should be supplemented with calcium to meet the requirement for optimum growth of fish. The legume grains studied in the current experiment are deficient in phosphorus to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout, common carp and tilapia for optimum growth whereas legume grains are sufficient in magnesium and zinc to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout, common carp and tilapia for optimum growth. On the other hand the legume grains studied in the current experiment are sufficient in iron to meet requirement of catfish and rainbow trout for optimum growth whereas Latirus sativus, Vicia pregrina and Pisum elatius are deficient in iron to meet requirement of common carp. The legume grains studied in the current experiment are sufficient in manganese to meet requirement of catfish whereas the legume grains are insufficient in manganese to meet requirement of rainbow trout and common carp. Although Vicia narbonensis are sufficient in copper to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout, common carp, Vicia peregrina and Pisum elatius are insufficient in copper to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout and common carp. As a conclusion, grains from Lathyrus sativus, Vicia peregrina, Pisum elatius and Vicia narbonensis used as a alternative protein sources in fish diets should be supplemented with minerals which are deficient to obtain the optimum performance from fish. Türkiye'de Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılan Bazı Alternatif Protein Kaynaklarının Balıkların Besin Madde Gereksinimi Baz Alınarak Makro ve Mikro Mineral İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması ÖZET: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de hayvan beslemede kullanılan alternatif protein kaynaklarının makro ve mikro mineral içeriklerini karşılaştırmaktır. Protein kaynakları arasında mineral madde bakımından önemli varyasyonlar mevcuttur. Baklagil çeşidi, danelerin makro ve mikro element içeriklerini önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Mürdümüğün (Lathyrus sativus), kalsiyum (Ca) içeriğinin diğer baklagil daneleri ve soya küspesinin kalsiyum içeriğinden daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan, baklagil tohumlarının fosfor (P), magnezyum (Mg) ve potasyum (K) içerikleri soya küspesinden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Baklagil tohumlarının çinko (Zn), demir (Fe), manganez (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) içerikleri de soya küspesinden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Culban (Vicia pregrina), yabani bezelye (Pisum elatius) ve koca fiğ (Vicia narbonensis) tohumları kalsiyum içeriği bakımından yayın balığı ve tilapiaların optimum büyümeleri için yeterli değildirler. Bu yüzden, culban (Vicia pregrina), yabani bezelye (Pisum elatius) ve koca fiğ (Vicia narbonensis) tohumları kalsiyum bakımından desteklenmelidir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan baklagil daneleri fosfor içeriği bakımından yayın balığı, gökkuşağı alabalığı, pullu sazan ve tilapiaların optimum büyümesi için yeterli olmamasına rağmen, baklagil daneleri magnezyum ve çinko bakımından yayın balığı, gökkuşağı alabalığı, pullu sazan ve tilapia balıklarının optimum büyümesi için yeterlidir. Diğer taraftan bu çalışmada kullanılan baklagil daneleri demir bakımından yayın balığı ve gökkuşağı alabalıkların optimum büyümeleri için yeterli olmasına rağmen mürdümük, culban ve yabani bezelye pullu sazan balıklarının ihtiyacını karşılamada yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan baklagil daneleri manganez bakımından yayın balıklarının ihtiyacını karşılamada yeterli olmasına rağmen, baklagil daneleri manganez bakımından gökkuşağı alabalığı ve pullu sazan balıklarının ihtiyaçlarını karşılamada yetersizdir. Koca fiğ yayın balığı, gökkuşağı alabalığı ve pullu sazan balıklarının bakır ihtiyacını karşılamada yeterli iken, culban ve yabani bezelye yayın balığı, gökkuşağı alabalığı ve pullu sazan balıklarının bakır ihtiyacını karşılamada yetersizdir. Sonuç olarak, alternatif protein kaynağı olarak kullanılan mürdümük, culban ve koca fiğin balıklarda optimum performans elde etmek için eksik olduğu minerallerce zenginleştirilmesi gereklidir.
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The potential nutritive values of acorns of Quercus suber, Quercus branti, Quercus coccifera, Quercus cerris and Quercus infectoria were estimated by chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. Acorns collected at least 10... more
The potential nutritive values of acorns of Quercus suber, Quercus branti, Quercus coccifera, Quercus cerris and Quercus infectoria were estimated by chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. Acorns collected at least 10 different trees in three experimental plots. There were significant (P<0.001) differences in the chemical composition among acorns obtained from different oak species. Crude protein (CP) contents of acorns ranged from 25.48 to 61.94 g/kg dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents ranged from 231.4 to 326.3 g/kg DM. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 155.9 to 215.4 g/kg DM. Condensed tannin (CT) contents ranged from 7.2 to 26.7 g/kg DM. Starch contents ranged from 600.0 to 681.5 g/kg DM. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition significantly (P<0.001) increased the gas production and some estimated parameters of oak acorns. Although there is no significant (P>0.5) differences in the potential gas production of acorn among oak species when incubated in the absence of PEG, there is significant (P<0.001) differences in the potential gas production of acorn among oak species when incubated in the presence of PEG. Although the estimated organic matter (OMD) and metabolisable (ME) contents of acorn for Q. suber and Q. infectoria were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those for Q. branti, Q. coccifera and Q. cerris when incubated in the absence of PEG, the estimated OMD and ME contents of acorn for Quercus cerris and Q. infectoria were significantly lower than those for Q. suber, Q. branti and Q. coccifera when incubated in the presence of PEG. The improvement in gas production, OMD and ME in the presence of PEG emphasizes the negative effect of tannins on digestibility. As a conclusion, oak acorns have potential nutritive values for ruminant animals such as sheep and goat since acorns have high starch, OMD and ME but low level of CT contents. However these results obtained in the current study should be supported by in vivo feeding experiments.
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The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of oak tannin extract (Artutan) on in situ dry matter and crude protein degradability of alfalfa silage by sheep. Alfalfa plant harvested at the beginning of flowering stage was... more
The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of oak tannin extract (Artutan) on in situ dry matter and
crude protein degradability of alfalfa silage by sheep. Alfalfa plant harvested at the beginning of flowering stage
was ensiled with oak tannin extract (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 % on fresh basis) quadruplicate in plastic silo with
50 kg capacity. Although the oak tannin extract had a significant effect on crude protein degradation of alfalfa
silage, oak tannin extract had no significant effect on the dry matter degradability. The quickly soluble protein
content of alfalfa silage decreased whereas slowly degradable protein content increased with increasing level of
oak tannin extract. As a conclusion, oak tannin extract has the potential to reduce the protein degradability in the
rumen.
crude protein degradability of alfalfa silage by sheep. Alfalfa plant harvested at the beginning of flowering stage
was ensiled with oak tannin extract (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 % on fresh basis) quadruplicate in plastic silo with
50 kg capacity. Although the oak tannin extract had a significant effect on crude protein degradation of alfalfa
silage, oak tannin extract had no significant effect on the dry matter degradability. The quickly soluble protein
content of alfalfa silage decreased whereas slowly degradable protein content increased with increasing level of
oak tannin extract. As a conclusion, oak tannin extract has the potential to reduce the protein degradability in the
rumen.
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The aim of this study was to determine the potential nutritive value of cotton gin trash obtained from five different companies using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. There was considerable variation among... more
The aim of this study was to determine the potential nutritive value of cotton gin trash obtained from five different
companies using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. There was considerable variation among
cotton gin trash obtained from five different companies in terms of chemical composition and in vitro gas production,
metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). The crude protein (CP) contents of cotton gin trash
ranged from 6.59% to 12.55% on dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF)
contents ranged from 49.24 to 62.22% on DM and 40.73 to 48.31% on DM respectively. The gas production ranged
from 22.91 to 33.51 ml of 200 mg of DM after 24-h incubation. The ME and OMD contents of cotton gin trash ranged
from 5.38 to 7.09 MJ/kg DM and 37.44 to 52.69% respectively. In conclusion, chemical characterization of CP, OMD
and ME suggests that the cotton gin trash moderate level of CP concentration and was digestible therefore it could be
said that cotton gin trash will provide roughage of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals.
companies using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. There was considerable variation among
cotton gin trash obtained from five different companies in terms of chemical composition and in vitro gas production,
metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). The crude protein (CP) contents of cotton gin trash
ranged from 6.59% to 12.55% on dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF)
contents ranged from 49.24 to 62.22% on DM and 40.73 to 48.31% on DM respectively. The gas production ranged
from 22.91 to 33.51 ml of 200 mg of DM after 24-h incubation. The ME and OMD contents of cotton gin trash ranged
from 5.38 to 7.09 MJ/kg DM and 37.44 to 52.69% respectively. In conclusion, chemical characterization of CP, OMD
and ME suggests that the cotton gin trash moderate level of CP concentration and was digestible therefore it could be
said that cotton gin trash will provide roughage of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals.
Research Interests:
The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of oak tannin extract (Artutan) on the alfalfa silage composition. Alfalfa plant harvested at the beginning of flowering stage was ensiled with oak tannin extract (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5... more
The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of oak tannin extract (Artutan) on the alfalfa silage composition.
Alfalfa plant harvested at the beginning of flowering stage was ensiled with oak tannin extract (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 on fresh
basis) quadruplicate in plastic silo with 50 kg capacity. The oak tannin extract had a significant effect on the chemical
composition and fermentation parameters of alfalfa silage. The dry matter contents of resultant alfalfa silages increased with
increasing level of oak tannin extracts whereas ash, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were
decreased. The supplementation of oak tannin extract resulted in the decrease in ammonia, biogenic amine, acetic acid, butyric
acid contents and pH values but the increase in lactic acid, propionic acid contents and fleig skore. As a conclusion, the
supplementation of oak tannin extract is moderately improved silage quality of alfalfa.
Alfalfa plant harvested at the beginning of flowering stage was ensiled with oak tannin extract (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 on fresh
basis) quadruplicate in plastic silo with 50 kg capacity. The oak tannin extract had a significant effect on the chemical
composition and fermentation parameters of alfalfa silage. The dry matter contents of resultant alfalfa silages increased with
increasing level of oak tannin extracts whereas ash, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were
decreased. The supplementation of oak tannin extract resulted in the decrease in ammonia, biogenic amine, acetic acid, butyric
acid contents and pH values but the increase in lactic acid, propionic acid contents and fleig skore. As a conclusion, the
supplementation of oak tannin extract is moderately improved silage quality of alfalfa.
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The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of peppermint essential oil on in vitro gas, volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane, ammonia production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of... more
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of peppermint essential oil on in vitro gas, volatile
fatty acids (VFA), methane, ammonia production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility
(OMD) of barley grain. Gas productions of barley grain were determined at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation
times in the presence (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg/L) and in the absence of peppermint essential oil. The
supplementation of peppermint essential oil significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the total gas production (A), ME,
OMD, total VFA, methane and ammonia production. The mean decreases in A, OMD, ME, total VFA, methane and
ammonia production of barley grain were 0.0338, 0.0341, 0.0054, 0.041, 0.023 and 0.0079 units per mg peppermint
essential oil supplementation, respectively. In conclusion, the current study has provided significant information on
the anti-microbial activity of peppermint essential oil causing an inhibition of the overall fermentation process of
barley grain. Therefore, before large scale implementation, further investigations are required to determine the effect
of peppermint essential oil on voluntary food intake, animal performance and the profitability of the supplementation
in vivo.
fatty acids (VFA), methane, ammonia production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility
(OMD) of barley grain. Gas productions of barley grain were determined at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation
times in the presence (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg/L) and in the absence of peppermint essential oil. The
supplementation of peppermint essential oil significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the total gas production (A), ME,
OMD, total VFA, methane and ammonia production. The mean decreases in A, OMD, ME, total VFA, methane and
ammonia production of barley grain were 0.0338, 0.0341, 0.0054, 0.041, 0.023 and 0.0079 units per mg peppermint
essential oil supplementation, respectively. In conclusion, the current study has provided significant information on
the anti-microbial activity of peppermint essential oil causing an inhibition of the overall fermentation process of
barley grain. Therefore, before large scale implementation, further investigations are required to determine the effect
of peppermint essential oil on voluntary food intake, animal performance and the profitability of the supplementation
in vivo.
Research Interests:
The aim of this study was to determine the potential nutritive value of pistachio hulls obtained from six different varieties using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. In vitro gas productions of pistachio hulls... more
The aim of this study was to determine the potential nutritive value of pistachio hulls obtained from six different varieties using chemical
composition and in vitro gas production technique. In vitro gas productions of pistachio hulls were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96
h incubation times and their gas production kinetics were described. There is considerable variation among pistachio hulls obtained from six
different varieties in terms of chemical composition and in vitro gas production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility
(OMD). Dry matter (DM) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 26.45 to 29.25%. Ash content of pistachio hulls ranged from 8.50 to 19.86%. The crude
protein (CP) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 7.27 to 14.99%. The hulls from Kırmızı, Ohadi and Keten Gömlegi (KG) had significantly higher
CP contents than the others. The NDF and ADF contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 18.25 to 22.49% and 14.32 to 18.29% respectively. The
pistachio hulls from Ohadi and Uzun had significantly higher NDF and ADF contents than the others. The CT contents of pistachio hulls ranged
from 2.03 to 2.63%. The hulls from Beyaz Ben (BB) had significantly higher CT content than that of KG. The gas production rate ranged from 0.071
to 0.107%. The gas production rate of pistachio hulls from Sultani and KG were significantly higher than the others. The potential gas production
of pistachio hulls ranged from 65.92 to 73.46 mL. The potential gas production of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher
than the others. The ME and OMD contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 9.76 to 11.05 MJ/kg DM and 69.00 to 74.50% respectively. The ME
contents of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher than those of Kırmızı, Uzun and KG whereas the OMD contents of
pistachio hulls from Ohadi were significantly higher than those of pistachio hulls for Kırmızı, Sultani, Uzun and KG. In conclusion, chemical
characterization with CP, OMD and ME suggests that the pistachio hulls had moderate level of CP concentration and was quite digestible
therefore it can be said that pistachio hulls will provide feedstuffs of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals.
composition and in vitro gas production technique. In vitro gas productions of pistachio hulls were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96
h incubation times and their gas production kinetics were described. There is considerable variation among pistachio hulls obtained from six
different varieties in terms of chemical composition and in vitro gas production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility
(OMD). Dry matter (DM) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 26.45 to 29.25%. Ash content of pistachio hulls ranged from 8.50 to 19.86%. The crude
protein (CP) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 7.27 to 14.99%. The hulls from Kırmızı, Ohadi and Keten Gömlegi (KG) had significantly higher
CP contents than the others. The NDF and ADF contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 18.25 to 22.49% and 14.32 to 18.29% respectively. The
pistachio hulls from Ohadi and Uzun had significantly higher NDF and ADF contents than the others. The CT contents of pistachio hulls ranged
from 2.03 to 2.63%. The hulls from Beyaz Ben (BB) had significantly higher CT content than that of KG. The gas production rate ranged from 0.071
to 0.107%. The gas production rate of pistachio hulls from Sultani and KG were significantly higher than the others. The potential gas production
of pistachio hulls ranged from 65.92 to 73.46 mL. The potential gas production of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher
than the others. The ME and OMD contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 9.76 to 11.05 MJ/kg DM and 69.00 to 74.50% respectively. The ME
contents of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher than those of Kırmızı, Uzun and KG whereas the OMD contents of
pistachio hulls from Ohadi were significantly higher than those of pistachio hulls for Kırmızı, Sultani, Uzun and KG. In conclusion, chemical
characterization with CP, OMD and ME suggests that the pistachio hulls had moderate level of CP concentration and was quite digestible
therefore it can be said that pistachio hulls will provide feedstuffs of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals.
Research Interests:
The objective of this experiment was to determine the potential nutritive value of Trigonella kotschi Fenzl hay harvested at three maturity stages using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. In vitro gas productions... more
The objective of this experiment was to determine the potential nutritive value of Trigonella kotschi Fenzl hay harvested at three maturity stages using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. In vitro gas productions of Trigonella kotschi hay were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times and their gas production kinetics were described using the equation y = A (1-exp-ct). Maturity had a significant effect on the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Cell wall contents (neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF)) of Trigonella kotschi hay increased with maturity whereas crude protein (CP) content decreased. The CP contents of Trigonella kotschi hay ranged from 13.22 to 22.56% . The NDF and ADF contents of Trigonella kotschi hay ranged from 26.56 to 44.72 and 19.65 to 35.30% respectively. The condensed tannin content of Trigonella kotschi hay ranged from 0.69 to 1.06 % and decreased with increasing maturity. The Ca, K and Fe contents of Trigonella kotschi hay harvested at flowering stage were significantly higher than those harvested at pre-flowering and seeding stages. The P, K and Cu contents of Trigonella kotschi hay harvested at pre-flowering stage were significantly higher than those harvested at flowering and seeding stages. The potential gas production and estimated parameters decreased with increasing maturity of Trigonella kotschi hay. The potential gas production (A) ranged from 59.26 to 70.46 ml. The ME and OMD ranged from 9.25 and 10.85 MJ/kg DM and 62.63 to 74.08% respectively. In conclusion, although the nutritive value of Trigonella kotschi plant dramatically changed with increasing maturity it appears that wild Trigonella kotschi plant could be grazed or harvested at these more advanced stages and still provides forage of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals during summer and winter periods.
Research Interests:
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of essential orange oil in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA), methane, ammonia production, metabolisable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility... more
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of essential orange oil in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA), methane, ammonia production, metabolisable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), true dry matter digestibility (TDMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD). Gas productions of soybean meal were measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times in the presence (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg/L) and in the absence of essential orange oil. The gas production kinetics were estimated using the non-linear exponential equation y = A (1-exp-ct). The supplementation of essential orange oil significantly (P<0.001) decreased fermentation parameters and estimated parameters such as the potential gas production (A), ME, TDMD, OMD, NDFD, total VFA, methane and ammonia productions. The mean reductions in A, ME, TDMD, NDFD, OMD, total VFA, methane and ammonia productions were 0.022, 0.033, 0.00209, 0.0197, 0.0213, 0.0414, 0.0207, 0.0093 units per mg essential orange oil supplementation respectively. The current study revealed that essential orange oil had significant anti-microbial activity causing an inhibition of the overall fermentation process. Therefore, before large scale implementation, further investigations are required to determine the effect of essential orange oil on voluntary food intake, animal performance and the profitability of the supplementation in vivo.