Protein

Nutrition for the athletes is the main thing, so they can keep up with training and stay focus and improve their performance. Athletes should be aware of their daily nutritional needs, so they can maintain nutrients balance that match their efforts and boost the immune system. If the energy requirement doesn't match the effort, the athlete will suffer from a lot of things like:-Losing lean body tissue because the body will use it as fuel.-Loss of strength and endurance.-Dysfunction of the immune system which will lead to a lot of health problems.-Deficiency in vitamins and minerals. Calories requirements differ from a sport to another.

Tripodal peptide analogues were designed on the basis of the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of the Src SH2 domain and assayed for their ability to bind to fluorescein-labeled phosphopeptides. Fluorescence polarization assays showed that a number of amphipathic linear peptide analogues (LPAs), such as LPA4, bind to fluorescein-labeled GpYEEI (F-GpYEEI). LPA4 was evaluated for potential application in cellular delivery of phosphopeptides. Fluorescence microimaging cellular uptake studies with fluorescein-attached LPA4 (F-LPA4) alone or with the mixture of LPA4 and F-GpYEEI in BT-20 cells showed dramatic increase of the fluorescence intensity in cytosol of cells, indicating that LPA4 can function as a delivery tool of F-GpYEEI across the cell membrane. Fluorescent flow cytometry studies showed the cellular uptake of F-LPA4 in an energy-independent pathway and confirmed the cellular uptake of F-GpYEEI in the presence of LPA4. These studies suggest that amphipathic tripodal peptide analo...

Background data: The covid-19 pandemic led to an enforcement of lockdown throughout the

country which led to closure of supply of non-vegetarian foods.

Objective: The study was conducted for assessment of consumption of Non-Vegetarian foods during lockdown period in females aged 20-40 years of Muslim Community.

Methodology: An online google form questionnaire consisting of FFQ was circulated among 100 respondents and data was collected.

Results: The results obtained were that there was reduced availability of non-vegetarian foods during lockdown period where meat, fish were least available. Some people avoided Non-Vegetarian foods consumption due to fear of Covid-19 which further led to sudden decrease in the chicken, meat and fish consumption (p=0.001). This dietary changes led to increase consumption of protein source vegetarian foods such as pulses, legumes, milk and milk products during lockdown period (p= 0.002), although nuts and oilseeds consumption was decreased. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of participants were also improved during lockdown period (p=0.306) as many people transformed into normal BMI category. The participants self-reported that they developed health problems such as joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, skin problems, hair fall, bone related issue and decreased immunity. Also decreased haemoglobin levels, Vitamin B12, Iron, Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency. These health issues developed may be because of decreased protein intake during lockdown period.

Conclusion: Awareness must be created among participants about the protein rich vegetarian sources and the ways to increase its bioavailability so as to mitigate health issues.

Peptides that bind either U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA) or the anticodon stem and loop of yeast tRNA(Phe) (tRNA(ACPhe)) were selected from a random-sequence, 15-amino acid bacteriophage display library. An experimental system, including an affinity selection method, was designed to identify primary RNA-binding peptide sequences without bias to known amino acid sequences and without incorporating nonspecific binding of the anionic RNA backbone. Nitrocellulose binding assays were used to evaluate the binding of RNA by peptide-displaying bacteriophage. Amino acid sequences of RNA-binding bacteriophage were determined from the foreign insert DNA sequences, and peptides corresponding to the RNA-binding bacteriophage inserts were chemically synthesized. Peptide affinities for the RNAs (Kd approximately 0.1-5.0 microM) were analyzed successfully using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. These methodologies demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly identifying, isolating, and...

CASK, which belongs to the family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) proteins, is recognized as a multidomain scaffolding protein highly expressed in the mammalian nervous system. MAGUK proteins generally target to neuronal synapses and regulate trafficking, targeting, and signaling of ion channels. However, CASK is a unique MAGUK protein in several respects. It not only plays a role in synaptic protein targeting but also contributes to neural development and regulation of gene expression. Several CASK-interacting proteins have been identified from yeast two-hybrid screening and biochemical isolation. These proteins, whose interactions with CASK are reviewed here, include the Parkinson’s disease molecule parkin, the adhesion molecule neurexin, syndecans, calcium channel proteins, the cytoplasmic adaptor protein Mint1, Veli/mLIN-7/MALS, SAP97, caskin and CIP98, transcription factor Tbr-1, and nucleosome assembly protein CINAP. More important, CASK may form different complexes with different binding partners and perform different functions. Among these interactions, CASK, Tbr-1, and CINAP can form a transcriptional complex regulating gene expression. Reelin and NMDAR subunit 2b (NR2b) genes have been identified as Tbr-1 target genes. Reelin is critical for neural development. NR2b is an important subunit of NMDAR, which plays important roles in neural function and neurological diseases. Regulation of reelin and NR2b expression suggests the potential roles of the Tbr-1-CASK-CINAP complex in neural activity, development, and disease. The functions of these CASK protein complexes are also discussed in detail in this review.

Spatial confinement in nanoporous media affects the structure, thermodynamics and mobility of molecular soft matter often markedly. This article reviews thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena, such as physisorption, capillary condensation, crystallisation, self-diffusion, and structural phase transitions as well as selected aspects of the emerging field of spatially confined, non-equilibrium physics, i.e. the rheology of liquids, capillarity-driven flow phenomena, and imbibition front broadening in nanoporous materials. The observations in the nanoscale systems are related to the corresponding bulk phenomenologies. The complexity of the confined molecular species is varied from simple building blocks, like noble gas atoms, normal alkanes and alcohols to liquid crystals, polymers, ionic liquids, proteins and water. Mostly, experiments with mesoporous solids of alumina, gold, carbon, silica, and silicon with pore diameters ranging from a few up to 50 nm are presented. The observed peculiarities of nanopore-confined condensed matter are also discussed with regard to applications.
A particular emphasis is put on texture formation upon crystallisation in nanoporous media, a topic both of high fundamental interest and of increasing nanotechnological importance, e.g. for the synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid materials by melt infiltration, the usage of nanoporous solids in crystal nucleation or in template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nano structures.

A Couette Cell device was employed to provide proof of concept for the production of structured meat analogues by application of simple shear flow and heat to a 31 wt% Soy Protein Isolate (SPI)–Wheat Gluten (WG) dispersion. Three relevant process parameters (temperature, time and rotation rate) were varied over a range of realistic values (90–110 C, 5–25 min and 5–50 RPM, respectively). Layer- or fibre-structured products with high stress and strain anisotropy indices have been demonstrated. Fibrousness is favoured at temperatures over 90 C and under 100 C, whereas the role of process time and rotation rate is not critical. Simultaneous application of simple shear and heat is the key to obtaining structured plant protein-based products. The Couette Cell concept is scalable and can enable continuous operation. On this ground, it appears as a realistic option for production of meat analogues at commercial scale.

Chocolate is a unique flavoured food used in our society for more than 2000 years. From the fresh aroma to the brownish colour and the melting sensation that is felt in mouth after consumption makes it most likely food that is passed on, on occasion, loved by kids and making it one of the most major product of food industry. This research tries to put a glimpse on positive impacts as well as toxic impact of chocolate consumption by estimating various parameters about nutrients such as protein, fat, sugar, caffeine and antioxidant contents. Certain other parameters like pH and conductance are also observed. The chocolate samples used in this research are three of types that is dark, milk and white. These are collected from a variety of sources like retail market, home-made brands, cacao chocolate, organic chocolate and lastly pure form of ingredients (cocoa powder, cacao powder and cocoa butter /Theobroma oil). Results are obtained for all 14 samples, individual result of nutrient parameter will help the consumer to understand the parameter better and focus on comparison of one particular parameter in variety of chocolate. This results from the research states that dark chocolate is the most preferable and nutrient rich as compared to other chocolates. Cacao chocolate and organic chocolates can at times be a more preferable due to their nutrient value. Therefore, it is important to choose chocolates wisely as health should not be compromised because of taste.

It has become customary to conceptualize the living cell as an intricate piece of machinery, different to a man-made machine only in terms of its superior complexity. This familiar understanding grounds the conviction that a cell's organization can be explained reductionistically, as well as the idea that its molecular pathways can be construed as deterministic circuits. The machine conception of the cell owes a great deal of its success to the methods traditionally used in molecular biology. However, the recent introduction of novel experimental techniques capable of tracking individual molecules within cells in real time is leading to the rapid accumulation of data that are inconsistent with an engineering view of the cell. This paper examines four major domains of current research in which the challenges to the machine conception of the cell are particularly pronounced: cellular architecture, protein complexes, in-tracellular transport, and cellular behaviour. It argues that a new theoretical understanding of the cell is emerging from the study of these phenomena which emphasizes the dynamic, self-organizing nature of its constitution, the fluidity and plasticity of its components, and the stochasticity and non-linearity of its underlying processes.

Protein merupakan salah satu nutrisi penting yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh karena fungsi utamanya sebagai zat pembangun tubuh. Dalam fungsinya tersebut, protein sebagai penyusun dari seluruh sel tubuh akan terus membangun jaringan tubuh selama fase pertumbuhan. Selain itu protein juga sebagai penyusun dari berbagai enzim dan hormon yang dibutuhkan tubuh dalam pengaturan metabolisme sehari-hari. Protein juga berfungsi untuk pertahanan tubuh yaitu fungsinya sebagai pembentuk antibodi atau immunoglobulin serta memperbaiki sel tubuh yang rusak.

Granola is the nutritious product prepared with a different level of cereals, chickpeas, nuts, and raisins because they are the valuable source of protein and can be used as a complementary protein source of each other. The products were analyzed for nutritional quality, texture, and sensory attributes. Moisture content was same in all bars. The product is having a high concentration of oats, puffed rice, nuts and chickpea show maximum level of calories (421.88 kcal) with a high percentage of crude protein (12.51%), fat (10.4%), ash (1.51%), and crude fiber (3.45%) content. A significant amount of minerals was present in all the treatments especially magnesium. Formulation D with 15 % level of each ingredient like puffed rice, chickpea, nuts and oat flakes have a rich amount of protein and fats and is a good source of calories. Highest mean score regarding all sensory attributes was given to formulation D and C for their nutty and crunchy taste. To some extent, all these bars provide energy and basic nutrients to the consumer.

Tamamen doğal, yenilikçi, sürdürülebilir gıda üretim tekniklerini bünyesinde barındıran bütünleşik yaşam alanı projesi BostanKent...
MultiPonik tekniklerle tarım, hayvancılık, mikrobiyolojik organik kimyasallar ve protein üretim çiftlikleri.

ABSTRAK Amoxicillin merupakan salah satu antibiotik yang umum dan banyak dipakai oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, sediaan yang banyak tersedia di pasaran hanyalah sediaan per oral dan apabila dibutuhkan dalam dosis besar maka digunakan injeksi. Namun, banyak pasien yang memiliki kesulitan ketika mengkonsumsi obat oral maupun menginjeksi obat dengan jarum suntik yang menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman setelah pemakaian. Oleh karena itu, pada review ini diperkenalkan metode penghantaran obat secara transdermal menggunakan plester microneedle. Tujuan review ini untuk memberikan informasi mengenai fabrikasi plester microneedle polimer, kemudahan pemakaian, dan manfaatnya agar kemudian dapat diaplikasikan sebagai metode penghantaran antibiotik yang lebih efektif dibanding metode lain. Data hasil diperoleh dari jurnal yang sudah terpublikasi baik dari jurnal internasional maupun nasional. Jurnal yang digunakan sebanyak 43,75% dipublikasi diatas tahun 2015 (5 tahun yang lalu), 53,125% di bawah 5 tahun yang lalu (2011-2015), dan 3,125% dipublikasi di tahun 2010 (10 tahun yang lalu). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa plester microneedle memiliki kemampuan mengenkapsulasi biomolekul dengan baik dan nilai bioavailabilitasnya tinggi serta lebih efektif dibandingkan metode transdermal lainnya. Selain itu, penggunaannya sangat praktis, efisien, dan mudah untuk masyarakat. Namun, produk plester yang diperkaya antibiotik ini belum banyak dijual di pasaran sehingga plester microneedle ini merupakan prospek yang baik untuk dikembangkan dengan memperkaya kandungan biofarmasi yang lainnya, seperti antigen, vaksin, hormon, maupun biomolekul lainnya. Kata Kunci : Plester Microneedle Polimer, Amoxicillin, Metode Transdermal.


ABSTRACT Amoxicillin is one of the common antibiotics and widely used by Indonesian people. However, the only products that available on the market are oral preparations and when large doses are needed, the injection is used. However, many patients have difficulties when taking oral drugs or injecting drugs with needles which cause discomfort after use. Therefore, in this review, a transdermal drug delivery method using microneedle patch is introduced. The goal of this review is to inform about how to fabricate polymer microneedle patch, the ease of the use and the advantages that can be applied as an effective method to deliver antibiotics rather than other methods. The result obtained from journals that have been published both from international and national jou rnals. The journals used were 43.75% published above 2015 (5 years ago), 53.125% more than 5 years ago (2011-2015) and 3.125% published in 2010 (10 years ago). The data indicate that the microneedle patch has the ability to encapsulate biomolecules very well, has a high bioavailability value and is more effective than other transdermal methods. In addition, its use is very practical, efficient and easy for the community. However, this antibiotic-enriched microneedle patch product is not yet widely sold in the market. Thus, this microneedle patch is a good prospect to be developed by enriching other biopharmaceutical ingredients such as antigens, vaccines, hormones, and other biomolecules.

We conduct this study to study risk factors of protein energy malnutrition Among Children Under Five years .This study was conducted in Nyala Locality in south Darfur State in Sudan. Cross-sectional descriptive study to measure the Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition. This study designed to cover (n=402 child).

In this era of competition, Quality is Imp factor. Quality by Design (QbD) refers to a new approach to product development. It is a modern approach for the quality of pharmaceuticals. It ensures that the quality of pharmaceutical products, safety and efficacy. It also gives a comparison between product quality by end-product testing and product quality by QbD. In this review article, steps of QbD startup plans are included. The principle of quality has been identified by the ICH guidelines.Q8-Pharmaceutical development, Q9-Pharmaceutical risk management, Q10-Pharmaceutical quality system. The aim of Pharmaceutical development is to design a quality product and manufacturing process. During the designing and development of production QbD, a company needs some elements, which are described briefly. For the Implementation of QbD, various tools are needed to be used, which have been described briefly. This paper discusses the pharmaceutical QbD and describes how it can be used to develop the pharmaceutical product.

Modern society has brought with it many comforts and conveniences, yet when it comes to the United States’ health and nutrition, the advancements haven’t always been positive for your overall health. Doing things better, cheaper and faster may work well for manufacturing microprocessors but it doesn’t work well with the mind, body or spirit. The invention of factory farming, refined and processed pre-packaged food and fast food has come at a high price – your health. You can find your own way to good health by learning the basics of holistic health including what is safe and what is dangerous in modern food. With knowledge comes the empowerment to debunk misnomers from food and nutrition studies born out of conflicts of interest and to see through devious marketing from large food and beverage manufacturers focused only on one thing (and it’s not your health.) Consuming a diet filled with the “food like stuff” that has become a basic of today’s Standard American Diet (SAD), results in excess weight, illness, dis-ease and mental fog from the dangerous components of our food.

As an unique individual, biochemically and spiritually, it’s important to find what works best for you. When you know the basics, you can seek out and find what foods, including amounts and combinations, work best for your individual body. It’s vital to experiment to find the right combination of food, exercise and spiritual nurturing so you not only feel great, you are the best, most dazzling version of you. Empowerment through knowledge will allow you to find your own way to a life of vibrant health and a trim, healthy body. Awareness of good nutrition is freedom from fad diets, counting calories and points, reading unhelpful nutritional labels and from confusion over misleading nutritional information in the media. Changing what you know and the way you eat and treat your mind, body and spirit will transform your life.