Before the 1990s, terminological theory and terminographical practice had paid little attention to verbs and their categories in LSP, mainly because most of the work was based on the assumptions of the General Theory of Terminology... more
Before the 1990s, terminological theory and terminographical practice had paid little attention to verbs and their categories in LSP, mainly because most of the work was based on the assumptions of the General Theory of Terminology (Wüster 1979) and a traditional understanding of part-of-speech and grammatical categories. These theoretical notions consider only nouns to be the right denotations for terms designating entities and concrete objects in the world, and therefore, that verbs rarely belong to the terminology of a certain domain because of the traditional models. Nouns were thus considered to be the sole and proper designators for one-word and multi-word terms used to denote these concepts (see Sager 1990, Cabre 2003, Bratanić and Lončar 2015, etc.). In reality, as well as for contemporary theoretical and practical terminological approaches (LʼHomme 1998, Lerat 2002, Lorente 2007, Costa and Silva 2004, LʼHomme 1998, 2015, etc.), it is obvious that verbs participate significantly more in the creation of languages for special purposes. In language for special purposes, certain narrowed and specialized meanings of a verb, which are not described in general language dictionaries, can occur. For example, the verb prihvaćati ‘luffʼ is a transitive verb in general language in standard Croatian, but in the maritime terminology, it becomes intransitive when it carries the meaning ‘to steer a sailing vessel closer into the wind, especially with the sails flapping’.
In this paper, we analyse verbs that occur in the definitions, contexts, and notes of the terminological database STRUNA. Based on these examples and three criteria – (1) a verb meaning is connected with a certain domain, (2) verb arguments are terms belonging to the domain, (3) a verb is morphologically and semantically related to other terms in the domain – we divided verbs into two classes:
verbs as terms
specialized verbs formed for a certain domain (e.g. kromatografirati)
polysemous verbs with a specialized meaning (e.g. prihvaćati ‘luffʼ)
verbs of general language which do not change their meaning in LSP (e.g. upotrebljavati ‘use’, sadržavati ‘contain’).
The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of analysing verbs and verbal categories within terminological databases, which can provide data necessary for more detailed descriptions of certain verbs in general language. On the other hand, this opens up possibilities for enriching verb descriptions in the terminological resources with other linguistic data, e.g. the semantic roles of participants and argument structure.
In this paper, we analyse verbs that occur in the definitions, contexts, and notes of the terminological database STRUNA. Based on these examples and three criteria – (1) a verb meaning is connected with a certain domain, (2) verb arguments are terms belonging to the domain, (3) a verb is morphologically and semantically related to other terms in the domain – we divided verbs into two classes:
verbs as terms
specialized verbs formed for a certain domain (e.g. kromatografirati)
polysemous verbs with a specialized meaning (e.g. prihvaćati ‘luffʼ)
verbs of general language which do not change their meaning in LSP (e.g. upotrebljavati ‘use’, sadržavati ‘contain’).
The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of analysing verbs and verbal categories within terminological databases, which can provide data necessary for more detailed descriptions of certain verbs in general language. On the other hand, this opens up possibilities for enriching verb descriptions in the terminological resources with other linguistic data, e.g. the semantic roles of participants and argument structure.
Research Interests: Terminology and Valency
The paper analyses verbs of sound emission at the syntactic, semantic, and lexicographic levels. These verbs are defined as verbs that describe an event in which someone or something emits a sound (Levin, Atkins and Song 1997), and they... more
The paper analyses verbs of sound emission at the syntactic, semantic, and lexicographic levels. These verbs are defined as verbs that describe an event in which someone or something emits a sound (Levin, Atkins and Song 1997), and they differ according to the emitter, sound qualities, manner and location of emitting the sound, etc. The list of 219 verbs, adapted from Mikelić Preradović (2014) and Levin (1993), was analysed in four Croatian general monolingual dictionaries (Rječnik hrvatskoga jezika, Šonje (2000), Hrvatski jezični portal (HJP), Školski rječnik (Birtić et al. 2013), and Veliki rječnik hrvatskoga standardnog jezika (Jojić et al. 2015)). Some differences in defining the verbs of sound emission have been noticed, but also the lack of consistency within one dictionary. The web corpora (hrWaC, Hrvatska jezična riznica) are used to analyse verb meanings, collocations, and examples and it has been noticed that some verbs that primarily belong to the group of verbs of sound emission can have other meanings, which often changes their valency pattern. The verbs are divided according to whether the sound emits an inanimate or animate entity. With the inanimate emitter, the verbs can be connected to the verbs of movement, when the subject is the entity, which otherwise does not emit the sound itself, but it creates sound with its movement through the air (e.g. prozviždati ‘whistle’) or does it in contact with water (pljusnuti ʻsplashʼ) or with some other object (e.g. tresnuti ‘slap’). Some of the verbs can also be associated with the verbs of physiological processes (e.g. hripati ‘wheeze’). When the verbs of sounds made by animals have a human at the subject position, they also belong to the group of the verbs of the manner of speaking (kokodakati ‘cluck’) or they are verbs of expressing emotions that can be positive (e.g. presti ‘purr’) or negative (e.g. režati ‘growl’). The proposal for the lexicographic description of these verbs in the dictionary is to specify all meaning and to separate the meaning when the entity emits sound without and with the external causer, i.e. agent, which also affects the valency pattern. By citing examples from the corpus, it can also be noticed what or who can emit the sound and valence possibilities of the verb.
Research Interests:
The aim of this paper is to define the prepositional phrase s ‘with’ + instrumental as a complement, an adjunct or as a noun postmodifier, and to define which semantic role is assigned to it. The analysis improves verb valency description... more
The aim of this paper is to define the prepositional phrase s ‘with’ + instrumental as a complement, an adjunct or as a noun postmodifier, and to define which semantic role is assigned to it. The analysis improves verb valency description and case description in the Croatian language. The prepositional phrase is a complement of the reciprocal verbs, which require two participants and which are divided into several groups according to their meaning (verbs of physical conflict, intimate physical contact, verbal conflict, discussion, conversation, competition, play, amalgamate verbs, split verbs, verbs of overlapping between two sides). With those verbs, the role of the Agent–Theme has been assigned to the prepositional complement. The prepositional phrase as a complement also comes with aspectual verbs and verbs of lingering and rushing, in which case the association with the comitative is less obvious. In that case, the prepositional phrase can be defined as a predicate complement without the semantic role, or the prepositional complement with the role Theme. The prepositional phrase is an adjunct with verbs that usually do not involve two participants, and it has the comitative role. As an adjunct, it also appears with the meaning of the manner or time. As a noun postmodifier, it is used to describe a feature of the Agent or Patient’s body part, or a feature of the object belonging to the Agent, Theme or Patient. The paper describes the possibilities of alternation of the prepositional phrase with other phrases and the semantic consequences caused by those alternations.
Research Interests:
Review of the book Kognitivna gramatika. Knjiga druga. Sintaksa jednostavne rečenice, authors Branimir Belaj and Goran Tanacković Faletar
Research Interests:
The paper analyzes instrumental noun phrases, which are, in most Croatian grammars, defined as an indirect object or, more frequently, as an adverbial, with no clear criteria for distinguishing them. In this paper, as well as in many... more
The paper analyzes instrumental noun phrases, which are, in most Croatian grammars, defined as an indirect object or, more frequently, as an adverbial, with no clear criteria for distinguishing them. In this paper, as well as in many other papers (Ivić 1954, Kamp and Rossdeutscher 1994, Alexiadou and Schafer 2006, Levin and Rappaport 1988, Ono 1992, Levin 1993, Van Valin and LaPolla 1997, Van Valin 2005, Belaj and Tanacković Faletar 2017), we distinguish a) an instrument causer, which occupies the central position in the causal chain, in which the Agent occupies the first position and the Patient the last position, and b) an instrument that is not a part of the causal chain. In this paper, the instrumental noun phrases are divided into non-obligatory instrumental complements – instrument causer – and adjuncts – facilitating instrument and manner. Facilitating instrument is a transitional category between instrument causer and manner and sometimes it is difficult to determine whether it belongs to one of these two categories.
Research Interests:
E-Glava is an online valency dictionary of Croatian verbs. The theoretical approach to valency follows the German tradition, particularly that of the VALBU dictionary, with some minor changes and adjustments. The main principle of our... more
E-Glava is an online valency dictionary of Croatian verbs. The theoretical approach to valency follows the German tradition, particularly that of the VALBU dictionary, with some minor changes and adjustments. The main principle of our valency approach is to link valency patterns to specific verb meanings. The verb list is compiled semi-automatically on the basis of the Croatian Frequency Dictionary and Croatian language textbooks. Currently, e-Glava contains descriptions of 57 psychological verbs with 187 meanings and 375 valency patterns. The lexicographic articles are written in Tschwanelex. A Document Type Definition editing module has been used, and the description of verbs follows a three-level linguistic schema prepared for lexicographers. Verbs are distributed throughout 34 semantic classes, and examples are extracted manually from Croatian corpora. Fully processed data for each semantic class will be publicly available in the form of a browsable HTML dictionary. The paper also presents a comparison between e-Glava and other cognate resources, as well as a summary of its main advantages, disadvantages, and potential applied uses.
Research Interests:
This paper analyzes the structure of copular sentences and problematizes their division into predicational, specificational, equative and identificational sentences. Our emphasis is on predicate copular sentences in which the postcopular... more
This paper analyzes the structure of copular sentences and problematizes their division into predicational, specificational, equative and identificational sentences.
Our emphasis is on predicate copular sentences in which the postcopular NP can appear in the nominative or instrumental case, in Croatian, as well as in some other Slavic languages. Occurrences of the instrumental case, in copular predicates, are extremely rare in south Slavic languages and there is some question as to when it has appeared at all. This paper presents the different theories on the appearance of the instrumental case in the predicative nominals (Mrázek 1964, Bailyn and Rubin 1991). Bailyn and Rubin (1991) consider the use of the instrumental case, in secondary predicate adjuncts in the Russian language as a language innovation, while Croatian and many other Slavic languages have a pattern that is found in Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian languages. The paper also analyzes Croatian grammars, written before the 20th century, in order to determine when the instrumental case first appeared with the copula.
Many linguists (e.g. Jakobson 1936, Mrázek 1964, Wierzbicka 1980, Janda and Clancy 2002, Timberlake 2004, Geist 2006, Pereltsvaig 2007) consider that copular sentences that include a nominative and instrumental case have a different meaning in the Russian language: the nominative denotes a permanent, inalienable property of the subject, while the instrumental denotes a temporary property. That assumption is analyzed in the Croatian language based on examples from relevant Croatian language corpora.
We confirm the constraint, described in Croatian grammars, that the instrumental cannot appear with the copula in the present tense, but determines it is possible in the perfect and future tenses. Cognitive grammar explains this by the application of the proximity principle: conceptual distance is connected with formal distance. Therefore, the instrumental can appear with the copula, in the perfect and future tenses, because there is distance between the subject and what he/she/it has been, or is going to become. Conversely, in the present tense there is no distance, therefore precopular and postcopular NPs have the same case.
It is noted that nouns of specific semantic groups appear in the instrumental case (profession, function, a part of something, a reason for something, goal, base etc.).
This paper concludes that the instrumental case denotes temporary, acquired properties, while the nominative case denotes permanent, inalienable properties. This conclusion is drawn using examples from relevant Croatian language corpora and based on the fact that the instrumental cannot appear with present tense and that adjectives are rarely marked with instrumental. Furthermore, these conclusions were tested by examining native speakers’ linguistic intuition. Native speakers did not recognize the semantic difference between sentences with a nominative predicate NP and an AP and instrumental. Therefore, our conclusion is that the instrumental case is connected with style.
Our emphasis is on predicate copular sentences in which the postcopular NP can appear in the nominative or instrumental case, in Croatian, as well as in some other Slavic languages. Occurrences of the instrumental case, in copular predicates, are extremely rare in south Slavic languages and there is some question as to when it has appeared at all. This paper presents the different theories on the appearance of the instrumental case in the predicative nominals (Mrázek 1964, Bailyn and Rubin 1991). Bailyn and Rubin (1991) consider the use of the instrumental case, in secondary predicate adjuncts in the Russian language as a language innovation, while Croatian and many other Slavic languages have a pattern that is found in Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian languages. The paper also analyzes Croatian grammars, written before the 20th century, in order to determine when the instrumental case first appeared with the copula.
Many linguists (e.g. Jakobson 1936, Mrázek 1964, Wierzbicka 1980, Janda and Clancy 2002, Timberlake 2004, Geist 2006, Pereltsvaig 2007) consider that copular sentences that include a nominative and instrumental case have a different meaning in the Russian language: the nominative denotes a permanent, inalienable property of the subject, while the instrumental denotes a temporary property. That assumption is analyzed in the Croatian language based on examples from relevant Croatian language corpora.
We confirm the constraint, described in Croatian grammars, that the instrumental cannot appear with the copula in the present tense, but determines it is possible in the perfect and future tenses. Cognitive grammar explains this by the application of the proximity principle: conceptual distance is connected with formal distance. Therefore, the instrumental can appear with the copula, in the perfect and future tenses, because there is distance between the subject and what he/she/it has been, or is going to become. Conversely, in the present tense there is no distance, therefore precopular and postcopular NPs have the same case.
It is noted that nouns of specific semantic groups appear in the instrumental case (profession, function, a part of something, a reason for something, goal, base etc.).
This paper concludes that the instrumental case denotes temporary, acquired properties, while the nominative case denotes permanent, inalienable properties. This conclusion is drawn using examples from relevant Croatian language corpora and based on the fact that the instrumental cannot appear with present tense and that adjectives are rarely marked with instrumental. Furthermore, these conclusions were tested by examining native speakers’ linguistic intuition. Native speakers did not recognize the semantic difference between sentences with a nominative predicate NP and an AP and instrumental. Therefore, our conclusion is that the instrumental case is connected with style.
Research Interests:
The paper analyzes a syntactic construction with the verbs doživjeti ‘experience-perf’and doživljavati ‘experience-impf’. Similar constructions are well recorded and described in Croatian and international literature. Verbs doživjeti and... more
The paper analyzes a syntactic construction with the verbs doživjeti ‘experience-perf’and doživljavati ‘experience-impf’. Similar constructions are well recorded and described in Croatian and international literature. Verbs doživjeti and doživljavati can evoke a prototypical transitive structure, but can also be accompanied with a third complement which, according to the approach selected, is analyzed and termed secondary predication, predicate instrumental, predicate expansion or is together with an accusative nominal analyzed as a small clause. The instrumental nominal or adjective is sometimes considered as parallel to the kao-phrase (‘as-phrase’). The paper first provides Croatian literature on the topic, thereafter follows a survey of international literature, mainly based on generative tradition. On the basis of presented literature and our own research we have concluded that (a) a second and a third complement with the verbs doživjeti and doživljavati (in some cases) can be analyzed as a small clause, and that (b) small clauses with a predicate instrumental and a kao-phrases are possibly not identical structures.
Research Interests:
This paper discusses the instrumental noun phrases and prepositional phrases with the instrumental, which appear with psychological verbs. In brief outline we elucidate our understanding of the arguments. The question of whether the... more
This paper discusses the instrumental noun phrases and prepositional phrases with the instrumental, which appear with psychological verbs. In brief outline we elucidate our understanding of the arguments. The question of whether the arguments expressed with instrumental are arguments or adjuncts has been studied in various analyses (Schütze 1995; Van Valin 2001; Koenig et al. 2003, 2008). The problem of classifying instrumental noun phrases as one of different types of arguments arose in processing the verbs within the different theories of valency. Instrumental can be marked as an instrumental argument, adverbial, predicate or as part of a prepositional argument. We present and propose various formal and semantic tests that can determine the type of argument and divide the instrumental noun phrases into instrumental, predicate, adverbial and prepositional complements.
Research Interests:
В рамках проекта Valencijskа baza hrvatskih glagola (Валентностная база хорватских глаголов) выделена группа так называемих психологических глаголов. В базе анализируется их употребление, выделяются их валентностные структуры и... more
В рамках проекта Valencijskа baza hrvatskih glagola (Валентностная база хорватских глаголов) выделена группа так называемих психологических глаголов. В базе анализируется их употребление, выделяются их валентностные структуры и семантические признаки. Предметом этого доклада психологические глаголы хорватского языка, их обработка в валентностной базе и сравниение с их переводными эквивалентами в русском языке. Цель этого доклада обнаружить сходства в употреблениии этих глаголов в хорватском и русском языках, которые являются результатом генетической и типологической близости двух языков, но тоже указать на расхождения между ними.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
"This paper analyzes verbs and verbal categories in the termbase Struna and proposes an option of adding new syntactic and semantic patterns, and examples of specific semantic features of verb arguments to the syntactic and semantic verb... more
"This paper analyzes verbs and verbal categories in the termbase Struna and proposes an option of adding new syntactic and semantic patterns, and examples of specific semantic features of verb arguments to the syntactic and semantic verb description in the Valency base of Croatian verbs. The research presented in the paper offers a shift towards a more comprehensive linguistic analysis and linking systematized terminological data between related research projects as well as connecting them to structured data contained in non-integrated linguistic resources.
Struna is a national terminology database developed at the Department of General, Comparative and Computational Linguistics of the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. The relational database was made in a MySQL environment and its schema is compatible with TBX, designed to be easily improved and updated and to ensure easy data exchange with terminology collections and other compatible linguistic databases. Struna presently includes 20 domains and has 46 data categories, but this paper refers only to those categories that are relevant for the topic (definition, context, note). The standardization of Croatian terminology includes all aspects of this complex process: the unification of concepts and concept systems, defining terms, harmonization within the domain and across the domains, editing designations, and the creation of new terms. However, all these processes haven’t been done after an extensive linguistic research, but are rather more concept-oriented.
The Valency base of Croatian verbs has been developing since 2013. A three-level data structure of the valency data entry form has been developed and the data entered will also be stored in the form of a structured database in MySQL environment. The first level of an entry contains a verb lemma form in the infinitive, basic morphological information, a prototypical semantic class of the verb described and the verb's collocations. The second level contains a verb definition, a stylistic label if it is present, a reflexive form of the verb (if possible), and other non-prototypical verb semantic classes, if needed. The third level starts with a sentence example linked to a valency pattern, which unites a syntactic, morphological and semantic description. The syntactic description includes ten complement classes. The semantic description consists of a verb-specific description of participants and semantic categories to which the complement refers, followed by a comment. It is worth mentioning that semantic roles, which are a canonical part of linguistic theory, are not associated with the complements, but with conceptual categories (human, animate, inanimate, etc.) that are part of the universal knowledge structures. Such descriptions are repeated until each verb meaning is exhausted and thoroughly described.
Terminological theory and terminographical practice in Croatia has so far paid little attention to verbs and their categories in LSP, mainly due to the fact that most of the work was based on the assumptions of the General Theory of Terminology (GTT) and a traditional understanding of part-of-speech and grammatical categories in the Croatian language. According to these theoretical notions, verbs rarely belong to the terminology of a certain domain because the traditional models consider nouns only to be the right denotations for terms designating entities and concrete objects in the world. Nouns were thus considered to be the sole and proper designators for one-word and multi-word terms used to denote these concepts. In reality, as well as from the point of view of contemporary theoretical and practical terminological approaches, it is obvious that verbs and related lexical categories participate significantly more in the creation of languages for special purposes. When observed in certain domains, those categories can show characteristics that are less perceptible in traditional lexicological research. We assume that in the language for special purposes certain narrowed and specialized meanings of the verb occur that are not mentioned in technical lexicographical manuals. Changes in verbal categories (e.g. transitivity) can often be the result of those meaning contractions. For example, in the standard Croatian language the verb prihvaćati (engl. luff) is a transitive verb in the general language, but in the maritime terminology it becomes intransitive when it carries the meaning ‘to steer a sailing vessel closer into the wind, especially with the sails flapping’.
An ideal situation in terminology description is when one concept corresponds to one term and one definition. A definition of the term determines the meaning of the term and identifies the object of the extralinguistic reality. As mentioned before, the aim of the Valency base of Croatian verbs is to describe all meanings of verbs that are found and verified in the corpus and to, according to the particular meaning of the verb, associate a syntactic pattern with the semantic description. In the Valency base the stylistic register is presently marked only if a verb has a specific meaning in a particular domain, but this meaning is very often close to the prototypical one. A long-term goal is to include examples from LSP that show syntactic variance or invariance and the narrowing of the verb’s meaning (e.g. prihvaćati). The primary reason for this approach is that, on the one hand, the termbase Struna already covers a significant segment of various domains of LSP and the amount of text in the fields that have been analyzed represents a specialized subcorpora. Specialized discourse has been included in the primary analysis of verbs for the valency description to a lesser extent because the previous analysis was based mainly on data from dictionaries and lexicons and on the information extracted from the corpus of general language (the main sources were usually fiction and journalistic texts). The data category of context shows the user the use of a term and its collocates, but in terminological entries in Struna syntactic patterns and their possible limitations are not listed. In LSP the choice of collocates is usually more limited than in general language.
The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of analyzing verbs and verbal categories within terminological databases, which can provide data necessary for a more detailed description of certain verbs in general language linguistic resources such as the Valency base, On the other hand, this opens up possibilities for special coding of systematized linguistic information in the next phase of development of the termbase Struna and other terminological resources, thus enhancing the termbase’s primary goals.
Bibliography:
Buendía, M. 2012. Verb Dynamics. Terminology. 2, 18, p. 149–166.
Bukovčan, D. 2009. Od teorije do prakse u jeziku struke. Zagreb : Školska knjiga.
Costa, R.; R. Silva. 2004. The verb in the terminological collocations : Contribution to the development of a morphological analyser Morphocomp. // Proceedings of the IV. International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation LREC. Lisbon : LREC, 2004. Pp. 1531–1534.
Faber, P. Micro-theories of Specialized Knowledge Representation : presentation held on seminar Applications of Cognitive Teminological Theories in Terminology Management, Zagreb, Croatia, 27-28th September 2013.
Faber, P. 2002. Terminographic definition and concept representation. // Training the Language Services Provider for the New Millennium / ed. Belinda Maia, Johann Haller and Margherita Ulyrich. Porto : Universidade do Porto. Pp. 343–354.
Faber, P.; R. Mairal Usón. 1999. Constructing a Lexicon of English Verbs. Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter.
Herbst, T.; K. Götz-Votteler. 2007. Valency : Theoretical, Descriptive and Coginitve Issues. Berlin; New York : Mounton de Gruyter.
Mel'čuk, I. 2001. Semantics and the Lexicon in Modern Linguistics. (unpublished article, http://olst.ling.umontreal.ca/pdf/MelcukMTTIntro.pdf, accessed 16th October 2013).
Pimentel, J. 2012. Criteria for the Validation of Specialized Verb Equivalents : Applications in Bilingual Terminography : doctoral thesis. Montréal : Université de Montréal.
Ruppenhofer, J. [et al.]. 2010. FrameNet II : Extended Theory and Practice. ICSI Technical report. (http://framenet2.icsi.berkeley.edu/docs/r1.5/book.pdf, accessed 17th October 2013).
Vecchi, D. de; L. Eustachy. 2008. Pragmaterminologie : les verbes et les actions dans les métiers. // Actes des conférences Toth, 5-7 June 2008. Annecy : Toth. Pp. 35–52."
Struna is a national terminology database developed at the Department of General, Comparative and Computational Linguistics of the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. The relational database was made in a MySQL environment and its schema is compatible with TBX, designed to be easily improved and updated and to ensure easy data exchange with terminology collections and other compatible linguistic databases. Struna presently includes 20 domains and has 46 data categories, but this paper refers only to those categories that are relevant for the topic (definition, context, note). The standardization of Croatian terminology includes all aspects of this complex process: the unification of concepts and concept systems, defining terms, harmonization within the domain and across the domains, editing designations, and the creation of new terms. However, all these processes haven’t been done after an extensive linguistic research, but are rather more concept-oriented.
The Valency base of Croatian verbs has been developing since 2013. A three-level data structure of the valency data entry form has been developed and the data entered will also be stored in the form of a structured database in MySQL environment. The first level of an entry contains a verb lemma form in the infinitive, basic morphological information, a prototypical semantic class of the verb described and the verb's collocations. The second level contains a verb definition, a stylistic label if it is present, a reflexive form of the verb (if possible), and other non-prototypical verb semantic classes, if needed. The third level starts with a sentence example linked to a valency pattern, which unites a syntactic, morphological and semantic description. The syntactic description includes ten complement classes. The semantic description consists of a verb-specific description of participants and semantic categories to which the complement refers, followed by a comment. It is worth mentioning that semantic roles, which are a canonical part of linguistic theory, are not associated with the complements, but with conceptual categories (human, animate, inanimate, etc.) that are part of the universal knowledge structures. Such descriptions are repeated until each verb meaning is exhausted and thoroughly described.
Terminological theory and terminographical practice in Croatia has so far paid little attention to verbs and their categories in LSP, mainly due to the fact that most of the work was based on the assumptions of the General Theory of Terminology (GTT) and a traditional understanding of part-of-speech and grammatical categories in the Croatian language. According to these theoretical notions, verbs rarely belong to the terminology of a certain domain because the traditional models consider nouns only to be the right denotations for terms designating entities and concrete objects in the world. Nouns were thus considered to be the sole and proper designators for one-word and multi-word terms used to denote these concepts. In reality, as well as from the point of view of contemporary theoretical and practical terminological approaches, it is obvious that verbs and related lexical categories participate significantly more in the creation of languages for special purposes. When observed in certain domains, those categories can show characteristics that are less perceptible in traditional lexicological research. We assume that in the language for special purposes certain narrowed and specialized meanings of the verb occur that are not mentioned in technical lexicographical manuals. Changes in verbal categories (e.g. transitivity) can often be the result of those meaning contractions. For example, in the standard Croatian language the verb prihvaćati (engl. luff) is a transitive verb in the general language, but in the maritime terminology it becomes intransitive when it carries the meaning ‘to steer a sailing vessel closer into the wind, especially with the sails flapping’.
An ideal situation in terminology description is when one concept corresponds to one term and one definition. A definition of the term determines the meaning of the term and identifies the object of the extralinguistic reality. As mentioned before, the aim of the Valency base of Croatian verbs is to describe all meanings of verbs that are found and verified in the corpus and to, according to the particular meaning of the verb, associate a syntactic pattern with the semantic description. In the Valency base the stylistic register is presently marked only if a verb has a specific meaning in a particular domain, but this meaning is very often close to the prototypical one. A long-term goal is to include examples from LSP that show syntactic variance or invariance and the narrowing of the verb’s meaning (e.g. prihvaćati). The primary reason for this approach is that, on the one hand, the termbase Struna already covers a significant segment of various domains of LSP and the amount of text in the fields that have been analyzed represents a specialized subcorpora. Specialized discourse has been included in the primary analysis of verbs for the valency description to a lesser extent because the previous analysis was based mainly on data from dictionaries and lexicons and on the information extracted from the corpus of general language (the main sources were usually fiction and journalistic texts). The data category of context shows the user the use of a term and its collocates, but in terminological entries in Struna syntactic patterns and their possible limitations are not listed. In LSP the choice of collocates is usually more limited than in general language.
The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of analyzing verbs and verbal categories within terminological databases, which can provide data necessary for a more detailed description of certain verbs in general language linguistic resources such as the Valency base, On the other hand, this opens up possibilities for special coding of systematized linguistic information in the next phase of development of the termbase Struna and other terminological resources, thus enhancing the termbase’s primary goals.
Bibliography:
Buendía, M. 2012. Verb Dynamics. Terminology. 2, 18, p. 149–166.
Bukovčan, D. 2009. Od teorije do prakse u jeziku struke. Zagreb : Školska knjiga.
Costa, R.; R. Silva. 2004. The verb in the terminological collocations : Contribution to the development of a morphological analyser Morphocomp. // Proceedings of the IV. International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation LREC. Lisbon : LREC, 2004. Pp. 1531–1534.
Faber, P. Micro-theories of Specialized Knowledge Representation : presentation held on seminar Applications of Cognitive Teminological Theories in Terminology Management, Zagreb, Croatia, 27-28th September 2013.
Faber, P. 2002. Terminographic definition and concept representation. // Training the Language Services Provider for the New Millennium / ed. Belinda Maia, Johann Haller and Margherita Ulyrich. Porto : Universidade do Porto. Pp. 343–354.
Faber, P.; R. Mairal Usón. 1999. Constructing a Lexicon of English Verbs. Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter.
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Research Interests: Terminology and Valency
Ovaj rječnik donosi detaljan valencijski opis pedeset sedam (57) psiholoških glagola u hrvatskome jeziku. Semantička skupina psiholoških glagola obrađena u rječniku izabrana je kao prva, pokusna skupina glagola zbog svoje značenjske... more
Ovaj rječnik donosi detaljan valencijski opis pedeset sedam (57) psiholoških glagola u hrvatskome jeziku. Semantička skupina psiholoških glagola obrađena u rječniku izabrana je kao prva, pokusna skupina glagola zbog svoje značenjske povezanosti i razmjerne odvojenosti od drugih semantičkih skupina. Semantičkoj skupini psiholoških glagola posvećeno je dosta pozornosti u svjetskoj i domaćoj literaturi (Belleti i i Rizzi 1988, Landau 2010, Šaravanja 2011, Brač i Matas 2016, Oraić Rabušić 2016). Glagoli obrađeni u ovome rječniku pod nazivom psihološki često se u hrvatskim gramatikama nazivaju glagolima osjećanja, glagolima duševnoga stanja i glagolima htijenja (npr. Barić i dr. 1997: 518–520). Rječnik je također i mrežno dostupan na adresi valencije.ihjj.hr.
Valencijski rječnik psiholoških glagola u hrvatskome jeziku namijenjen je znanstvenicima koje zanima valentnost hrvatskih glagola, profesorima i učiteljima hrvatskoga jezika, studentima hrvatskoga jezika, naprednim učenicima hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika te svima ostalima koji žele znati nešto više o značenjima glagola i okolinama u kojima se oni pojavljuju. Nastao je kao rezultat dvaju projekata Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, neposredno Baze hrvatskih glagolskih valencija (od 2013.) te posredno i projekta Valencijski rječnik hrvatskih glagola (2007. – 2013.). U izradi Valencijskoga rječnika psiholoških glagola sudjelovalo je šestero autora (Matea Birtić, Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, Ivana Brač, Ivana Matas Ivanković, Ivana Oraić Rabušić i Siniša Runjaić). Koncepciju je rječnika u najvećoj mjeri osmislila Matea Birtić, uz pomoć ostalih suradnika. Ivana Brač i Siniša Runjaić bili su posebno uključeni u stvaranje abecedarija. Ivana Brač u velikoj je mjeri bila angažirana i pri razdiobi glagola u semantičke skupine. Za povezivanje rječničkoga modela s ustrojem i poljima računalne baze koja je poslužila kao temelj stvaranja Valencijskoga rječnika psiholoških glagola ponajviše je zaslužan Siniša Runjaić. Samu bazu i sučelje za obradu natuknica u okviru leksikografskoga programa Tschwanelex za potrebe valencijskoga rječnika prilagodio je Bruno Nahod. Svi su navedeni suradnici, osim Brune Nahoda, obrađivali glagolske natuknice. Na projektu Valencijski rječnik hrvatskih glagola pod vodstvom Mirka Petija od 2007. do 2008. sudjelovale su suradnice projekta Baza hrvatskih glagolskih valencija Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, Ivana Oraić Rabušić i Matea Birtić. Osim njih na projektu su surađivali Jurica Budja i Alen Milković. Vođenje projekta preuzela je poslije Matea Birtić, kao i vođenje Baze. Treba napomenuti da je Baza hrvatskih glagolskih valencija izrasla iz projekta Valencijski rječnik hrvatskih glagola te su dijelovi rada na tome projektu kao i stečena iskustva ugrađena i u ovaj rječnik.
Valencijski rječnik psiholoških glagola u hrvatskome jeziku namijenjen je znanstvenicima koje zanima valentnost hrvatskih glagola, profesorima i učiteljima hrvatskoga jezika, studentima hrvatskoga jezika, naprednim učenicima hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika te svima ostalima koji žele znati nešto više o značenjima glagola i okolinama u kojima se oni pojavljuju. Nastao je kao rezultat dvaju projekata Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, neposredno Baze hrvatskih glagolskih valencija (od 2013.) te posredno i projekta Valencijski rječnik hrvatskih glagola (2007. – 2013.). U izradi Valencijskoga rječnika psiholoških glagola sudjelovalo je šestero autora (Matea Birtić, Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, Ivana Brač, Ivana Matas Ivanković, Ivana Oraić Rabušić i Siniša Runjaić). Koncepciju je rječnika u najvećoj mjeri osmislila Matea Birtić, uz pomoć ostalih suradnika. Ivana Brač i Siniša Runjaić bili su posebno uključeni u stvaranje abecedarija. Ivana Brač u velikoj je mjeri bila angažirana i pri razdiobi glagola u semantičke skupine. Za povezivanje rječničkoga modela s ustrojem i poljima računalne baze koja je poslužila kao temelj stvaranja Valencijskoga rječnika psiholoških glagola ponajviše je zaslužan Siniša Runjaić. Samu bazu i sučelje za obradu natuknica u okviru leksikografskoga programa Tschwanelex za potrebe valencijskoga rječnika prilagodio je Bruno Nahod. Svi su navedeni suradnici, osim Brune Nahoda, obrađivali glagolske natuknice. Na projektu Valencijski rječnik hrvatskih glagola pod vodstvom Mirka Petija od 2007. do 2008. sudjelovale su suradnice projekta Baza hrvatskih glagolskih valencija Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, Ivana Oraić Rabušić i Matea Birtić. Osim njih na projektu su surađivali Jurica Budja i Alen Milković. Vođenje projekta preuzela je poslije Matea Birtić, kao i vođenje Baze. Treba napomenuti da je Baza hrvatskih glagolskih valencija izrasla iz projekta Valencijski rječnik hrvatskih glagola te su dijelovi rada na tome projektu kao i stečena iskustva ugrađena i u ovaj rječnik.