Books by Actia Nicopolis Foundation
Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας γ΄ / Tesserae of Preveza's History γ΄, 2022
Τόμος που περιέχει τη βραβευμένη εργασία του τρίτου διαγωνισμό που προκήρυξαν τα Γενικά Αρχεία το... more Τόμος που περιέχει τη βραβευμένη εργασία του τρίτου διαγωνισμό που προκήρυξαν τα Γενικά Αρχεία του Κράτους - Τμήμα Πρέβεζας και το Ίδρυμα "Ακτία Νικόπολις" για τη συγγραφή μελετών που αφορούν στην ιστορία της Πρέβεζας. Πρόκειται για την εργασία της κ. Αργυρώς Κ. Γκάναλη με τίτλο: «Onde sepolta Prevesa in sè stessa sopraviva la sola memoria». Η πρώτη βενετική κυριαρχία στην Πρέβεζα και η λήξη της (1684-1701).
The volume contains the prize awarded paper submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2021", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The paper included in the volume is written by Ms. Argyro K. Ganali under the title: "Onde sepolta Prevesa in sè stessa sopraviva la sola memoria". The first Venetian domination of Preveza and its end (1684-1701).
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Δοκίμιο λαογραφικού περιεχομένου, που παρουσιάζει με λογοτεχνικό τρόπο μεταξύ άλλων και τη διαδικ... more Δοκίμιο λαογραφικού περιεχομένου, που παρουσιάζει με λογοτεχνικό τρόπο μεταξύ άλλων και τη διαδικασία παραγωγής σπάρτινων γνεμάτων και υφαντών στην περιοχή Φιλιατών και Τσαμαντά Θεσπρωτίας. Το σπάρτο ή ο σπάρτος, που επιστημονικά ονομάζεται σπάρτιον το βουρλοειδές, φύεται αρκετά στη βορειοδυτική Ελλάδα.
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Κώστας Μ. Σταματόπουλος, Οι επιστολές του Πάνου Θ. Κολοκοτρώνη προς τον Ανδρέα Καλίνσκη (Πρέβεζα, Ιανουάριος - Μάρτιος 1879), 2020
Στη μελέτη παρουσιάζεται η ανέκδοτη και άγνωστη έως σήμερα αλληλογραφία του Πάνου Θ. Κολοκοτρώνη ... more Στη μελέτη παρουσιάζεται η ανέκδοτη και άγνωστη έως σήμερα αλληλογραφία του Πάνου Θ. Κολοκοτρώνη προς τον Ανδρέα Καλίνσκη, γραμματέα και εξ απορρήτων του βασιλιά Γεωργίου Α΄. Με πλούσιο σχολιασμό και ανάλυση των βασικότερων σημείων της αλληλογραφίας, ο συγγραφέας, Κώστας Μ. Σταματόπουλος, επιχειρεί να την εντάξει στο ευρύτερο ιστορικό πλαίσιο των διαπραγματεύσεων και συνομιλιών που πραγματοποιήθηκαν στην Πρέβεζα, στις αρχές του 1879, μεταξύ των αντιπροσωπειών της Ελλάδος –μέλος της οποίας ήταν ο Πάνος Θ. Κολοκοτρώνης– και της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας και αφορούσαν στον προσδιορισμό της οροθετικής γραμμής της ελληνοτουρκικής μεθορίου.
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Ο ηρωισμός και οι Αγώνες των Σουλιωτών για Ελευθερία κατά την Προεπαναστατική κυρίως περίοδο, ευα... more Ο ηρωισμός και οι Αγώνες των Σουλιωτών για Ελευθερία κατά την Προεπαναστατική κυρίως περίοδο, ευαισθητοποίησαν και ενέπνευσαν πολλούς Ευρωπαίους, που θέλησαν να δουν από κοντά τον τόπο των αγώνων των ηρώων. Τούτο συνετέλεσε αποφασιστικά στην ανάδυση ενός ευρέος ευρωπαϊκού περιηγητικού ρεύματος στην Ήπειρο του 19ου αιώνα.
Αποτέλεσμα του σχετικά μεγάλου αριθμού ξένων επισκεπτών υπήρξε το πλήθος συγγραμμάτων, στα οποία οι συγγραφείς τους όχι μόνον εξέθεταν τις εντυπώσεις τους από την απομονωμένη τούτη γωνιά της Βαλκανικής, αλλά παρουσίαζαν ταυτόχρονα και την καθημερινή ζωή και τον χαρακτήρα των κατοίκων, τις σημαίνουσες προσωπικότητες, τις περιπέτειες, την αγριότητα της φύσης και τις ομορφιές της.
Η εικονογράφηση των περιηγητικών συγγραμμάτων του 19ου αιώνα γινόταν με τα διαθέσιμα την εποχή εκείνη μέσα. Στην προ-φωτογραφική περίοδο, οι απεικονίσεις των βιβλίων αποτελούσαν προϊόν της χαρακτικής τέχνης, η οποία μετέφερε στο χαρτί τα σκίτσα και τα έργα ζωγραφικής που οι ταξιδιώτες δημιουργούσαν, κατά κύριο λόγο, στη διάρκεια των περιηγήσεών τους. Τα χαρακτικά αυτά διασώζουν την εικόνα της Ηπείρου της εποχής τους.
Συμμετέχοντας στον εορτασμό της επετείου των 200 χρόνων από την έναρξη της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης του 1821, η Περιφερειακή Ένωση Δήμων Ηπείρου και το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις αποφάσισαν να δημιουργήσουν ένα λεύκωμα με επιλογή χαρακτηριστικών απεικονίσεων που μας ταξιδεύουν στην Ήπειρο του 19ου αιώνα.
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Στην προσπάθεια του Ιδρύματος να συμβάλλει στην υποστήριξη της πολιτιστικής διαδρομής των επτά σω... more Στην προσπάθεια του Ιδρύματος να συμβάλλει στην υποστήριξη της πολιτιστικής διαδρομής των επτά σωζόμενων αρχαίων θεάτρων της Ηπείρου, την οποία οραματίστηκε ο κ. Σταύρος Μπένος και προωθούν το Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού, η Περιφέρεια Ηπείρου και το Διάζωμα, εμπνεύστηκε τη δημιουργία μιας εικαστικής αποτύπωσης των θεάτρων της διαδρομής. Ανέθεσε το εγχείρημα αυτό στον Πρεβεζάνο καλλιτέχνη κ. Λέανδρο Μ. Σπαρτιώτη, ώστε να εικονογραφηθούν, με το δικό του βλέμμα, τα αρχαία θέατρα της Ηπείρου.
Στην έκδοση (folio σε σκληρό κουτί) αναπαράγονται είκοσι από τα έργα του κ. Λέανδρου Μ. Σπαρτιώτη, αντιπροσωπευτικά των επτά αρχαίων θεάτρων, τα οποία σώζονται στην Ήπειρο της ελληνικής επικράτειας.
Το εισαγωγικό κείμενο για το αρχαίο θέατρο και τα σωζόμενα θέατρα της Ηπείρου συνέταξε ο αρχαιολόγος κ. Γεώργιος Ρήγινος.
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Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας β΄, 2020
Συλλογικός τόμος που περιέχει τις τρεις καλύτερες εργασίες που προέκυψαν από τον δεύτερο διαγωνισ... more Συλλογικός τόμος που περιέχει τις τρεις καλύτερες εργασίες που προέκυψαν από τον δεύτερο διαγωνισμό που προκήρυξαν τα Γενικά Αρχεία του Κράτους - Αρχεία Νομού Πρέβεζας και το Ίδρυμα "Ακτία Νικόπολις" για τη συγγραφή μελετών που αφορούν στην ιστορία της Πρέβεζας. Στον τόμο συμπεριλαμβάνονται οι εργασίες του Δρ. Δημητρίου Ντούρου, της Δρ. Φωτεινής Χαιρέτη και του κ. Στέφανου Αγάθου.
The volume contains the three best papers submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2019", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The papers included in the volume are by: Dr. Dimitrios Douros, Dr. Fotini Chaireti, and Mr. Stefanos Agathos.
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Στέλιος Θ. Μαφρέδας. Η Πρέβεζα στη νεοελληνική ποίηση. Ανθολογία, 2018
Η αυτοχειρία του Κώστα Γ. Καρυωτάκη, στις 21 Ιουλίου 1928 στον ειδυλλιακό όρμο Βαθύ της Πρέβεζας,... more Η αυτοχειρία του Κώστα Γ. Καρυωτάκη, στις 21 Ιουλίου 1928 στον ειδυλλιακό όρμο Βαθύ της Πρέβεζας, έβαλε την πόλη στον χάρτη της νεοελληνικής ποίησης. Πληθώρα ποιημάτων γράφηκαν από τότε με αναφορές στην Πρέβεζα, κυρίως ως πόλη σύμβολο. Ο ακάματος εραστής της ποίησης και ποιητής κ. Στέλιος Θ. Μαφρέδας για χρόνια ανθολογεί αυτά τα δημιουργήματα του λόγου, τα οποία εκδόθηκαν για πρώτη φορά το 2001 από τη Δημοτική Βιβλιοθήκη Πρέβεζας και αριθμούσαν, τότε, 48 έμμετρα και πεζά κείμενα. Το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις ανέλαβε και παρουσιάζει τη δεύτερη έκδοση της Ανθολογίας, σημαντικά επαυξημένη και βελτιωμένη, κυρίως λόγω της προσθήκης νέων ποιημάτων που δημοσιεύθηκαν στο μεσοδιάστημα των δύο εκδόσεων, γεγονός που αποδεικνύει τη συνεχή λειτουργία της Πρέβεζας ως συμβόλου, ιδίως στις νέες γενιές ποιητών. Την Ανθολογία προλογίζει ο ομότιμος καθηγητής της Νέας Ελληνικής Φιλολογίας του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών κ. Γιάννης Ε. Παπακώστας.
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Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας α΄, 2018
Συλλογικός τόμος που περιέχει τις πέντε καλύτερες εργασίες που προέκυψαν από τον διαγωνισμό που π... more Συλλογικός τόμος που περιέχει τις πέντε καλύτερες εργασίες που προέκυψαν από τον διαγωνισμό που προκήρυξαν τα Γενικά Αρχεία του Κράτους - Αρχεία Νομού Πρέβεζας και το Ίδρυμα "Ακτία Νικόπολις" για τη συγγραφή μελετών που αφορούν στην ιστορία της Πρέβεζας. Στον τόμο συμπεριλαμβάνονται οι εργασίες της Δρ. Emily Neumeier, της κ. Φωτεινής Χαιρέτη, της κ. Μαρίας Μπαλού, του Δρ. Εμμανουήλ Ξυνάδα και των Δρ. Γεωργίου Ζαρακά & Βασιλικής Ζορμπά.
The volume contains the five best papers submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2017", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The papers included in the volume are by: Dr. Emily Neumeier, Ms. Fotini Chaireti, Ms. Maria Balou, Dr. Emmanouil Xinadas, and Dr. Georgios Zarakas & Dr. Vasiliki Zorba.
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Two volumes (xxxviii & 1050 pages) of the Proceedings of the Second International Symposium for t... more Two volumes (xxxviii & 1050 pages) of the Proceedings of the Second International Symposium for the History and Culture of Preveza, held in Preveza between 16 and 20 September 2009.
The Proceedings were published in July 2010, by the University of Ioannina, the Municipality of Preveza and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation.
Scientific Editors: Marina Vrelli-Zachou & Christos Stavrakos.
Editors: Nikos D. Karabelas & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 99475 0 3
Δύο τόμοι (xxxviii & 1050 σελίδες) των Πρακτικών του Δεύτερου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για την Ιστορία και τον Πολιτισμό της Πρέβεζας, που διεξήχθει στην Πρέβεζα από 16 έως 20 Σεπτεμβρίου 2009.
Τα Πρακτικά εκδόθηκαν στην Πρέβεζα τον Ιούλιο 2010, από το Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, τον Δήμο Πρέβεζας και το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις.
Επιστημονική Επιμέλεια: Μαρίνα Βρέλλη-Ζάχου & Χρήστος Σταυράκος.
Επιμέλεια: Νίκος Δ. Καράμπελας & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 99475 0 3
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Two volumes (xxxix & 1306 pages) of the Proceedings of the Second International Nicopolis Symposi... more Two volumes (xxxix & 1306 pages) of the Proceedings of the Second International Nicopolis Symposium held in Preveza between 11 and 15 September 2002.
The Proceedings were published in June 2007, by the Actia Nicopolis Foundation.
Scientific Editor: Konstantinos L. Zachos.
Editors: Nikos D. Karabelas & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 7660 16 9
Δύο τόμοι (xxxix & 1306 σελίδες) των Πρακτικών του Δευτέρου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για τη Νικόπολη, που διεξήχθη στην Πρέβεζα από 11 έως 15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002.
Τα Πρακτικά εκδόθηκαν στην Πρέβεζα τον Ιούνιο 2007, από το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις.
Επιστημονική Επιμέλεια: Κωνσταντίνος Λ. Ζάχος.
Επιμέλεια: Νίκος Δ. Καράμπελας & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 7660 16 9
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Papers by Actia Nicopolis Foundation
Tesserae of Preveza's History β΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας β΄, 2020
Dimitrios N. Douros: Aspects of the Metaxas dictatorship (1936-1941) in Preveza; The case of the ... more Dimitrios N. Douros: Aspects of the Metaxas dictatorship (1936-1941) in Preveza; The case of the National Youth Organisation (Ε.Ο.Ν.)
This paper analyses certain aspects of the royalist dictatorship established in Greece by the former General Ioannis Metaxas, on August 4, 1936. In particular, it studies the formation and the operation of the local branch of the National Youth Organisation (E.O.N.) in the region of Preveza. As formally stated, the main goal of E.O.N. was «the mental, ideological and physical education, as well as the military training of the Greek youth, in accordance with the moral, social and political foundations of the State, as it has been formed since the 4th of August». Thus, our study investi-gates the organisation’s impact on and interaction with the local communi-ty, as well as the evaluation of its deeds by the regime’s authorities.
Firstly, the introduction sets out the demographic, social and political framework of Preveza during the interwar period. Afterwards, through the examination of Ioannis Metaxas’ visit to Preveza, in the summer of 1937, we outline the state of things in the wider region during those very years. The dictator’s speech highlights the issues that concern the local communi-ty on the one hand, and on the other, the ways in which the regime per-ceives and incorporates in its rhetoric the local resources and distinct characteristics of Preveza and its people. In its next section, the essay sketches the constitution and the administrative structure of E.O.N., pre-senting its ideological background, its fundamental goals and, broadly speaking, its key position within the regime.
Ιn its core section, the paper focuses on the 19th Regional Admin-istration of E.O.N. in the Prefecture of Preveza. It describes its depart-mental structure, its personnel, its activities, as well as the troubles and disputes arising from its operation. In this respect, the defects of E.O.N.’s local branch are brightly illuminated in a report of Metaxas himself, draft-ed in 1940. Finally, we attempt to draw a summary of our conclusions, evaluating the -rather ailing- effectiveness of the organisation in regard to the expectations and the propaganda of the regime.
Apart from the vast literature concerning the Metaxas regime and the rather scarce one concerning E.O.N., the paper’s account of its regional administration in Preveza is based on fragmentary, yet valuable sources from the Archive of E.O.N., which can be found in the General State Archives of Greece, in Athens. Added to local histories of Preveza, the Minutes of the Municipal Council of the Municipality of Preveza were also a valuable source for this study.
Το ιστοριογραφικό ενδιαφέρον για τις νεολαιίστικες οργανώσεις και ευρύτερα για τη νεολαία ως ιδιαίτερη κοινωνική και πολιτισμική κατηγορία κάθε άλλο παρά πρόσφατο μπορεί να θεωρηθεί. Στην παρούσα εργασία, η οποία πραγματεύεται τοπικές όψεις της ιστορίας της Εθνικής Οργάνωσης Νεολαίας (ΕΟΝ), η σύμφυση της ιστορίας της νεότητας με την πολιτική, αλλά και την τοπική ιστορία, φιλοδοξεί να συμβάλλει στη μελέτη ειδικότερων πτυχών των αυταρχικών καθεστώτων που εξαπλώθηκαν στην Ευρώπη μετά το τέλος του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου.
Αρχικά, η παρούσα μελέτη θέτει επί τάπητος το ιστορικό πλαίσιο της Πρέβεζας του Μεσοπολέμου, εστιάζοντας στην πολιτική ζωή του νομού Πρεβέζης μέχρι και την επιβολή της δικτατορίας της 4ης Αυγούστου. Έπειτα, εξετάζει την επίσκεψη του Ιωάννη Μεταξά στην πόλη στα μέσα Ιουνίου του 1937, αναδεικνύοντας τα ζητήματα που απασχολούσαν την περίοδο εκείνη την ευρύτερη περιφέρεια. Στη συνέχεια, αναλύει τη συγκρότηση και τη δομή της ΕΟΝ, καθώς και την ιδεολογία και τους στόχους που αυτή εξυπηρετούσε. Στο κυρίως θέμα, επικεντρώνεται στη δράση της ΧΙΧ Περιφερειακής Διοίκησης του Νομού Πρεβέζης. Καταληκτικά, επιχειρείται μια σύνοψη των εξαχθέντων συμπερασμάτων και μια αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας της οργάνωσης σε σχέση με τις προσδοκίες του δικτατορικού καθεστώτος.
Βασική πηγή της εργασίας αποτέλεσε το Αρχείο της ΕΟΝ, το οποίο βρίσκεται στην Κεντρική Υπηρεσία των Γενικών Αρχείων του Κράτους (στο εξής: ΓΑΚ–ΕΟΝ). Επιπλέον, αποδελτιώθηκε το περιοδικό Νεολαία της ΕΟΝ, ενώ προσπελάστηκαν επίσης τα Πρακτικά του Δημοτικού Συμβουλίου του Δήμου Πρεβέζης (στο εξής: ΠΔΣΠ) κατά την περίοδο 1936-1941. Τέλος, σε βιβλιογραφικό επίπεδο, μελετήθηκαν τα σπουδαιότερα έργα για την ιστορία της περιοχής κατά το πρώτο ήμισυ του 20ού αιώνα.
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Tesserae of Preveza's History β΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας β΄, 2020
Photeini N. Chaireti: Seeking the Sultan’s help for Preveza’s affairs
The present study focuses ... more Photeini N. Chaireti: Seeking the Sultan’s help for Preveza’s affairs
The present study focuses on two unpublished Ottoman documents, which are kept in the Archives of the Holy Metropolis of Nicopolis and Preveza; in particular, a report (takrir), and an edict by the Sultan (firman).
The report dates back in the years 1847-1848, and relates to the ef-forts of a group of Preveza’s residents to claim the return of their proper-ties, which were violently seized by Ali Paşa and given to Albanian fami-lies.
The edict (firman) dates in 1901, and relates to the repair of a church in the village of Kamarina, near Preveza. The document informs us that the Greek Patriarchate of Constantinople relayed to the Sultan the request of Kamarina’s inhabitants in order to obtain permission to repair their church, which had been damaged by fire.
Although the two documents seem to have nothing in common with regard to the historical context, the time period, their subject, the place where the documents were written, and their senders, there is a common element which connects them; it is the attempt of the Christian subjects to request the assistance of the Sultan himself for the settlement of their affairs. Even though the procedure of writing and sending a request direct-ly to the Sultan required a lot of time and money, it seems that in some cases it was the only solution.
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Tesserae of Preveza's History β΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας β΄, 2020
Stefanos S. Agathos: The two-year hospitality of the Ziros’ Paidopolis “Aghios Alexandros” at the... more Stefanos S. Agathos: The two-year hospitality of the Ziros’ Paidopolis “Aghios Alexandros” at the facilities of the Paidopolis “Aghios Andreas” in Attica (1948-1950)
This paper attempts to approach one of the most controversial episodes of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949), the Queen Frederica’s “Paidopoleis” (children’s cities aka childtowns). More specifically, an aspect of this Civil War also concerned the transfer of many juvenile children from war zones to safe centers in order them to be saved and protected. Ιn this way, those children were involved somehow in the “diplomatic game” of the Cold War. In particular, the article focuses on the two years period 1948-1950 of the Ziros’ Paidopolis, named “Aghios Alexandros”, examining a series of official documents of that institution. A quite large part of the archivial material of the Ziros' Paidopolis was found a few years ago in poor condi-tion, but now is kept in the Archives of Prefecture of Preveza.
Although at the Ziros’ Paidopolis in Preveza, which was quite similar with a small village, children from nearby areas had found shelter since early 1948, its activity abruptly interrupted a few months later (summer 1948) due to warfare in the neighboring Souli’s region. In cases where the safety of the Paidopolis and the lives of the children were in immediate danger, appropriate measures had to be taken in order them to be protect-ed. So, children and staff of Paidopolis “Aghios Alexandros” were hur-riedly transferred in Attica, where they were hosted in the premises of the similar institution of “Aghios Andreas”.
Ιn this new environment, there were initially workable difficulties due to the large number of children and staff (almost 800 persons in the begin-ning and more than 600 later on), the lack of space and sometimes short-age of water. However, there were remarkable efforts to deal with these functional problems, while special care has been taken for significant areas, such as diet, health care, basic and technical education and enter-tainment. Children’s contacts with the royal family and the “outside world” have been more “counterfeit”, impersonal and standardized than essential due to the fact that the former always followed a strictly struc-tured program. After all, the historical documents examined in this short study were written by adults (Paidopolis’ staff) without any participation of those who were directly involved, the children themselves, and as a result the view of the latter was not officially recorded or asked. Unfortu-nately, no informants were found to explain us how they emotionally experienced this “experience of moving” from Ziros’ area to Attica and how they lived there during the period 1948-1950. Thus, those questions –from the children’s point of view and their emotional world– remain in essence unanswered. All in all, these experiences that those boys and girls lived within the regulatory framework during a civil war have affected their lives either positively or negatively.
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Tesserae of Preveza's History α΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας α΄, 2018
This 2017 Prize winning article, takes up the broader theme of geopolitics in the Eastern Mediter... more This 2017 Prize winning article, takes up the broader theme of geopolitics in the Eastern Mediterranean by examining the interactions between Ottoman administrators and French engineers in the defense and negotiation of a maritime frontier zone at the beginning of the nineteenth century. More specifically, the author investigates the circumstances surrounding the construction of the so-called Agios Georgios fortress in the contested port city of Preveza, one of the most important access points from mainland Greece to the Ionian Sea. She demonstrates that the installation was commissioned by Ali Pasha of Tepelena, the semi-independent Ottoman governor of the region, in order to secure his position against potential threats from European powers occupying the nearby Ionian Islands.
In addition to a careful analysis of the fortification’s physical structure and its relationship with the surrounding landscape, she also introduces an important archival source recently discovered at the Gennadius Library in Athens, a series of hand-written reports by the French engineers (a Captain Ponceton and Frédéric Guillaume de Vaudoncourt), whom Ali Pasha hired for the construction of Agios Georgios as well as other fortifications in the region. These reports reveal the delicate balance of power among various imperial actors at this time, and how these macropolitics were expressed spatially within evershifting border regions. Additionally, the reports point to an emerging class of military engineers who frequently crossed these imperial borders to meet the increasing demand on all sides for the latest developments in fortification technology, resulting in the blurring of the definitions of “Ottoman”, “Islamic”, and “European” military architecture.
A full transcription of the relevant sections found in the French archival accounts is attached as an appendix to this paper.
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Tesserae of Preveza's History α΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας α΄, 2018
The paper focuses on two cases from the proceedings of the Ottoman Court (Bidayet Mahkemesi) of P... more The paper focuses on two cases from the proceedings of the Ottoman Court (Bidayet Mahkemesi) of Preveza. The court register, written in Ottoman Turkish, includes a total of nineteen litigations, most of which concern cases among Christians.
In the studied cases the author presenrs the effort of Christian women to improve their lives and defend their rights in the Ottoman Court.
In the first case, the accused teachers, sisters Nicolaides, managed to win the litigation filed against them. The woman of the second case was unable to present liable evidence in court and consequently lost the case. In both cases women confronted with Christian men in court.
The Christian women studied here tried, by using the Ottoman Court, to overcome the legal inferiority and gender discrimination imposed to them by the society, the religion and the law. The success or failure of their attempts depended on the particular circumstances of the case. Of great importance was, as well, the involvement or distance held by the Orthodox Church and the Christian community of the city concerning the Christians who decided to use the Ottoman Court and the Islamic justice in order to settle their cases.
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Tesserae of Preveza's History α΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας α΄, 2018
The study attempts to outline the history of the women of Preveza during the second half of the 1... more The study attempts to outline the history of the women of Preveza during the second half of the 19th century. The research was mainly based on documents in the codices of the Holy Metropolis of Preveza, which are in its archives, and more specifically, those covering the period 1854-1885. These codices include various family law documents related to the female presence in Preveza at that time. For this article evidence was obtained mainly from dowry documents, marriage certificates, divorces, engagement dissolutions, conciliations or attempts for reconciliation of married couples, acts to ensure family peace, recommendations of custody committees for minors or appointments of orphan guardians. Additional information has been obtained from various documents that provide data on the establishment and operation of the Karamanis’ School and the Girls’ School.
Through the variety of the studied documents, the unbreakable connection of women with marriage and family was established. There was particular care for the proper upbringing and endowment of girls to their future rehabilitation. Within marriage, however, it was noted that women were often a victim of abuse, but they did not hesitate to go to the metropolitan court asking for a divorce. There were also cases of women who deviated from the straight course and did not keep their wedding vows. At the same time, concerted efforts were made to educate girls, aimed at their proper preparation for home management and children raising.
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Tesserae of Preveza's History α΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας α΄, 2018
The Metropolis of Nicopolis was established as a result of the administrative change which came a... more The Metropolis of Nicopolis was established as a result of the administrative change which came about after the annexation of the Arta region in the Greek State, in 1881. Ambrosios Konstantinidis was the first metropolitan of the newly established metropolis. This article presents the way in which the new metropolis was established, the election of its first metropolitan, his personality and activities on ecclesiastical, educational and community grounds, during the period of his primacy (1881-1885).
The Metropolis of Nicopolis was founded on 24th August 1881, when Ioakeim III, the Ecumenical Patriarch, suggested to the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate its reconstitution. The suggestion was unanimously accepted by the hierarchs.
Ambrosios Konstantinidis was born in Vafeiochori (Boyaciköy), near Constantinople, in 1843. He was ordained priest during his theological studies and after their conclusion he was appointed preacher in Pera, Constantinople, and teacher in community schools of Constantinople. On 4th December 1868 he was elected metropolitan of Lampsakos. Four years later, in 1872, he was elected metropolitan of Sisanion, in Macedonia. In 1877, he was moved to the Metropolis of Chios, and in 1881, he was elected as first metropolitan of Nicopolis. Ambrosios arrived in Preveza in December 1881 and commanded the metropolis and its community until June 1885, when he died.
During his primacy, Ambrosios worked for the creation of new ecclesiastical, educational, and social structures in his provinces and with his charismatic personality he worked for the community’s development.
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Tesserae of Preveza's History α΄ / Ψηφίδες Ιστορίας της Πρέβεζας α΄, 2018
Strategically placed οn the crossing from the coast of Acarnania to that of Epirus and from the I... more Strategically placed οn the crossing from the coast of Acarnania to that of Epirus and from the Ionian Sea to the gulf of Amvrakikos, the city of Preve-za and its surrounding area constituted an important channel in the area of Western Greece, with manifold strategical advantages. It is this advanta-geous location of the city that the dominant powers of the era tried to ex-ploit, perceiving the accrued strategical importance of this nodal passage for the support and propulsion of their interests and the consolidation of their dominance in the wider area of Western Greece and the Ionian Sea.
The creation of the first residential core on the peninsula of Preveza seems to have followed the gradual decline and the subsequent desolation of the neighboring city of Nicopolis. The residential and communication “vacuum” that the withering of the erst vivid and powerful middle byzan-tine nautical center caused from the middle of the 11th century and onwards, was covered by the establishment of a new or the revivification of an al-ready existing naval settlement on the meridian coast of the peninsula. This settlement will gradually develop turning stepwise from a simple commer-cial transit point into a small town. The exact date of the establishment of this new settlement its location and its historical course up to the middle of the 15th century approximately still remains latent.
In 1463 the Ottomans became rulers of Riniassa and along with it of the area of Preveza. In 1477/8, the new dominants fortified the crossing, constructing the castle of Bouka. Α second fortification of the castle fol-lowed in 1495 in order to strengthen its defense against Charles VIII of France. On the 3rd of May 1605 the order of the knights of Saint Stephen devastated Preveza in a rapid venture, causing appreciable damages to the castle and the settlement as well as to its population. This venture though, did not alter the political balance in the region. The Ottomans continued to dominate the city until the advent of the Venetians in 1684. The conquest of the city on the 29th of September 1684 by Francesco Morosini marked the beginning of the first Venetian occupation which though proved to be of short duration. In 1699/1701, with the treaty of Karlowitz, the Ottomans gained once more the control of the city, and a demolished castle of Bouka.
During the period of the Ottoman rule, probably by the beginning of the 17th century, Preveza was the seat of a kaza which appertained to the sandjak of Ioannina and was governed by a subaşı and a kadı. During the first Venetian rule the city became the seat of a distinct administrative pre-fecture governed by two Provveditori who were assisted by a considerable number of support services. The protection of the city against the Ottoman danger was assigned to the corps of the Guardia while that of the surround-ing region to the corps of the civil guard (Cernidi).
The form of the city during the 17th century, as it is shown in a series of drawings related to its conquest by the Florentines and the Venetians in 1605 and 1684 respectively, is characterized by the distinction between the castle and the unfortified settlement. The houses of the settlement as well as the commercial activity of the city was developed alongside a road while inside the castle lived the authorities. The conquest of the city by the Vene-tians in 1684 marked the making of a series of important fortification pro-jects in the castle of Bouka as well as in the surrounding area with the con-struction of six towers, in an attempt to reinforce the defense of the city and to better monitor the crossing.
At the beginning of the 17th century the population of Preveza num-bered more or less the same number, as the one given in the last Ottoman census of 1579, counting 300-350 people. In the years to follow, the city seems to have witnessed some population growth, the extent though of which, due to the lack of reliable evidence, is hard to determine with cer-tainty.
Concerning the economic and commercial activities, the city of Preveza emerged as an important commercial center in the early 17th century and witnessed economic growth. Important factors of the economic develop-ment were the fisheries and the fish farming. Between Preveza and Arta there was a wooded area, which was suitable for the repair of large vessels and the construction of small ships. The trade of salt was systematized, when the Venetians became dominants of Lefkada, while Preveza was a production center of olive oil. The main aim of the Venetians was to exploit the trade of the area of Amvrakikos. Their pursuit was modeled with the establishment of customs authorities and of a sanctuary in Preveza, and by taking measures to stimulate the local trade.
Information about the taxes paid by the local population to the Otto-mans, until 1684, is given in the Report of the Provveditore Extraordinario of Lefkada P. Bembo. Among the fiscal obligations due to the Ottoman rulers, the most important were the capital tax and the taxation on the land, while considerable revenues were also raised by the exploitation of the salt marshes and the fish-farms. During the Venetian rule the area of Preveza was financially subject to the fiscal chamber of Lefkada. From 1696 and onwards the Venetians established a systematic taxation system, raising money from various taxes and custom duties, such as the tithe and the tar-iffs imposed on the inbound and outbound products coming and leaving the port.
Attention is also given to the field of the artistic creation in the nearby area, given the fact that no ecclesiastical monuments of this period survive in the city. In a nearby settlement from the city of Preveza we can find one of the most important monuments of the 17th century in the region, the Dormition of Virgin Mary at Kastri, near Rizovouni. The monument is influ-enced by the art of the region of Epirus the same period, while the art of the painter is distinguished for aesthetic and artistic excellence.
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NICOPOLIS B. Proceedings of the Second International Nicopolis Symposium (11-15 September 2002) / ΝΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ Β΄. Πρακτικά του Δευτέρου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για τη Νικόπολη (11-15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002), Jun 2007
List of works cited in all papers included in the Proceedings of the Second International Symposi... more List of works cited in all papers included in the Proceedings of the Second International Symposium for ancient Nicopolis
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NICOPOLIS B. Proceedings of the Second International Nicopolis Symposium (11-15 September 2002) / ΝΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ Β΄. Πρακτικά του Δευτέρου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για τη Νικόπολη (11-15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002), Jun 2007
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The volume contains the prize awarded paper submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2021", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The paper included in the volume is written by Ms. Argyro K. Ganali under the title: "Onde sepolta Prevesa in sè stessa sopraviva la sola memoria". The first Venetian domination of Preveza and its end (1684-1701).
Αποτέλεσμα του σχετικά μεγάλου αριθμού ξένων επισκεπτών υπήρξε το πλήθος συγγραμμάτων, στα οποία οι συγγραφείς τους όχι μόνον εξέθεταν τις εντυπώσεις τους από την απομονωμένη τούτη γωνιά της Βαλκανικής, αλλά παρουσίαζαν ταυτόχρονα και την καθημερινή ζωή και τον χαρακτήρα των κατοίκων, τις σημαίνουσες προσωπικότητες, τις περιπέτειες, την αγριότητα της φύσης και τις ομορφιές της.
Η εικονογράφηση των περιηγητικών συγγραμμάτων του 19ου αιώνα γινόταν με τα διαθέσιμα την εποχή εκείνη μέσα. Στην προ-φωτογραφική περίοδο, οι απεικονίσεις των βιβλίων αποτελούσαν προϊόν της χαρακτικής τέχνης, η οποία μετέφερε στο χαρτί τα σκίτσα και τα έργα ζωγραφικής που οι ταξιδιώτες δημιουργούσαν, κατά κύριο λόγο, στη διάρκεια των περιηγήσεών τους. Τα χαρακτικά αυτά διασώζουν την εικόνα της Ηπείρου της εποχής τους.
Συμμετέχοντας στον εορτασμό της επετείου των 200 χρόνων από την έναρξη της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης του 1821, η Περιφερειακή Ένωση Δήμων Ηπείρου και το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις αποφάσισαν να δημιουργήσουν ένα λεύκωμα με επιλογή χαρακτηριστικών απεικονίσεων που μας ταξιδεύουν στην Ήπειρο του 19ου αιώνα.
Στην έκδοση (folio σε σκληρό κουτί) αναπαράγονται είκοσι από τα έργα του κ. Λέανδρου Μ. Σπαρτιώτη, αντιπροσωπευτικά των επτά αρχαίων θεάτρων, τα οποία σώζονται στην Ήπειρο της ελληνικής επικράτειας.
Το εισαγωγικό κείμενο για το αρχαίο θέατρο και τα σωζόμενα θέατρα της Ηπείρου συνέταξε ο αρχαιολόγος κ. Γεώργιος Ρήγινος.
The volume contains the three best papers submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2019", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The papers included in the volume are by: Dr. Dimitrios Douros, Dr. Fotini Chaireti, and Mr. Stefanos Agathos.
The volume contains the five best papers submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2017", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The papers included in the volume are by: Dr. Emily Neumeier, Ms. Fotini Chaireti, Ms. Maria Balou, Dr. Emmanouil Xinadas, and Dr. Georgios Zarakas & Dr. Vasiliki Zorba.
The Proceedings were published in July 2010, by the University of Ioannina, the Municipality of Preveza and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation.
Scientific Editors: Marina Vrelli-Zachou & Christos Stavrakos.
Editors: Nikos D. Karabelas & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 99475 0 3
Δύο τόμοι (xxxviii & 1050 σελίδες) των Πρακτικών του Δεύτερου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για την Ιστορία και τον Πολιτισμό της Πρέβεζας, που διεξήχθει στην Πρέβεζα από 16 έως 20 Σεπτεμβρίου 2009.
Τα Πρακτικά εκδόθηκαν στην Πρέβεζα τον Ιούλιο 2010, από το Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, τον Δήμο Πρέβεζας και το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις.
Επιστημονική Επιμέλεια: Μαρίνα Βρέλλη-Ζάχου & Χρήστος Σταυράκος.
Επιμέλεια: Νίκος Δ. Καράμπελας & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 99475 0 3
The Proceedings were published in June 2007, by the Actia Nicopolis Foundation.
Scientific Editor: Konstantinos L. Zachos.
Editors: Nikos D. Karabelas & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 7660 16 9
Δύο τόμοι (xxxix & 1306 σελίδες) των Πρακτικών του Δευτέρου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για τη Νικόπολη, που διεξήχθη στην Πρέβεζα από 11 έως 15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002.
Τα Πρακτικά εκδόθηκαν στην Πρέβεζα τον Ιούνιο 2007, από το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις.
Επιστημονική Επιμέλεια: Κωνσταντίνος Λ. Ζάχος.
Επιμέλεια: Νίκος Δ. Καράμπελας & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 7660 16 9
Papers by Actia Nicopolis Foundation
This paper analyses certain aspects of the royalist dictatorship established in Greece by the former General Ioannis Metaxas, on August 4, 1936. In particular, it studies the formation and the operation of the local branch of the National Youth Organisation (E.O.N.) in the region of Preveza. As formally stated, the main goal of E.O.N. was «the mental, ideological and physical education, as well as the military training of the Greek youth, in accordance with the moral, social and political foundations of the State, as it has been formed since the 4th of August». Thus, our study investi-gates the organisation’s impact on and interaction with the local communi-ty, as well as the evaluation of its deeds by the regime’s authorities.
Firstly, the introduction sets out the demographic, social and political framework of Preveza during the interwar period. Afterwards, through the examination of Ioannis Metaxas’ visit to Preveza, in the summer of 1937, we outline the state of things in the wider region during those very years. The dictator’s speech highlights the issues that concern the local communi-ty on the one hand, and on the other, the ways in which the regime per-ceives and incorporates in its rhetoric the local resources and distinct characteristics of Preveza and its people. In its next section, the essay sketches the constitution and the administrative structure of E.O.N., pre-senting its ideological background, its fundamental goals and, broadly speaking, its key position within the regime.
Ιn its core section, the paper focuses on the 19th Regional Admin-istration of E.O.N. in the Prefecture of Preveza. It describes its depart-mental structure, its personnel, its activities, as well as the troubles and disputes arising from its operation. In this respect, the defects of E.O.N.’s local branch are brightly illuminated in a report of Metaxas himself, draft-ed in 1940. Finally, we attempt to draw a summary of our conclusions, evaluating the -rather ailing- effectiveness of the organisation in regard to the expectations and the propaganda of the regime.
Apart from the vast literature concerning the Metaxas regime and the rather scarce one concerning E.O.N., the paper’s account of its regional administration in Preveza is based on fragmentary, yet valuable sources from the Archive of E.O.N., which can be found in the General State Archives of Greece, in Athens. Added to local histories of Preveza, the Minutes of the Municipal Council of the Municipality of Preveza were also a valuable source for this study.
Το ιστοριογραφικό ενδιαφέρον για τις νεολαιίστικες οργανώσεις και ευρύτερα για τη νεολαία ως ιδιαίτερη κοινωνική και πολιτισμική κατηγορία κάθε άλλο παρά πρόσφατο μπορεί να θεωρηθεί. Στην παρούσα εργασία, η οποία πραγματεύεται τοπικές όψεις της ιστορίας της Εθνικής Οργάνωσης Νεολαίας (ΕΟΝ), η σύμφυση της ιστορίας της νεότητας με την πολιτική, αλλά και την τοπική ιστορία, φιλοδοξεί να συμβάλλει στη μελέτη ειδικότερων πτυχών των αυταρχικών καθεστώτων που εξαπλώθηκαν στην Ευρώπη μετά το τέλος του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου.
Αρχικά, η παρούσα μελέτη θέτει επί τάπητος το ιστορικό πλαίσιο της Πρέβεζας του Μεσοπολέμου, εστιάζοντας στην πολιτική ζωή του νομού Πρεβέζης μέχρι και την επιβολή της δικτατορίας της 4ης Αυγούστου. Έπειτα, εξετάζει την επίσκεψη του Ιωάννη Μεταξά στην πόλη στα μέσα Ιουνίου του 1937, αναδεικνύοντας τα ζητήματα που απασχολούσαν την περίοδο εκείνη την ευρύτερη περιφέρεια. Στη συνέχεια, αναλύει τη συγκρότηση και τη δομή της ΕΟΝ, καθώς και την ιδεολογία και τους στόχους που αυτή εξυπηρετούσε. Στο κυρίως θέμα, επικεντρώνεται στη δράση της ΧΙΧ Περιφερειακής Διοίκησης του Νομού Πρεβέζης. Καταληκτικά, επιχειρείται μια σύνοψη των εξαχθέντων συμπερασμάτων και μια αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας της οργάνωσης σε σχέση με τις προσδοκίες του δικτατορικού καθεστώτος.
Βασική πηγή της εργασίας αποτέλεσε το Αρχείο της ΕΟΝ, το οποίο βρίσκεται στην Κεντρική Υπηρεσία των Γενικών Αρχείων του Κράτους (στο εξής: ΓΑΚ–ΕΟΝ). Επιπλέον, αποδελτιώθηκε το περιοδικό Νεολαία της ΕΟΝ, ενώ προσπελάστηκαν επίσης τα Πρακτικά του Δημοτικού Συμβουλίου του Δήμου Πρεβέζης (στο εξής: ΠΔΣΠ) κατά την περίοδο 1936-1941. Τέλος, σε βιβλιογραφικό επίπεδο, μελετήθηκαν τα σπουδαιότερα έργα για την ιστορία της περιοχής κατά το πρώτο ήμισυ του 20ού αιώνα.
The present study focuses on two unpublished Ottoman documents, which are kept in the Archives of the Holy Metropolis of Nicopolis and Preveza; in particular, a report (takrir), and an edict by the Sultan (firman).
The report dates back in the years 1847-1848, and relates to the ef-forts of a group of Preveza’s residents to claim the return of their proper-ties, which were violently seized by Ali Paşa and given to Albanian fami-lies.
The edict (firman) dates in 1901, and relates to the repair of a church in the village of Kamarina, near Preveza. The document informs us that the Greek Patriarchate of Constantinople relayed to the Sultan the request of Kamarina’s inhabitants in order to obtain permission to repair their church, which had been damaged by fire.
Although the two documents seem to have nothing in common with regard to the historical context, the time period, their subject, the place where the documents were written, and their senders, there is a common element which connects them; it is the attempt of the Christian subjects to request the assistance of the Sultan himself for the settlement of their affairs. Even though the procedure of writing and sending a request direct-ly to the Sultan required a lot of time and money, it seems that in some cases it was the only solution.
This paper attempts to approach one of the most controversial episodes of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949), the Queen Frederica’s “Paidopoleis” (children’s cities aka childtowns). More specifically, an aspect of this Civil War also concerned the transfer of many juvenile children from war zones to safe centers in order them to be saved and protected. Ιn this way, those children were involved somehow in the “diplomatic game” of the Cold War. In particular, the article focuses on the two years period 1948-1950 of the Ziros’ Paidopolis, named “Aghios Alexandros”, examining a series of official documents of that institution. A quite large part of the archivial material of the Ziros' Paidopolis was found a few years ago in poor condi-tion, but now is kept in the Archives of Prefecture of Preveza.
Although at the Ziros’ Paidopolis in Preveza, which was quite similar with a small village, children from nearby areas had found shelter since early 1948, its activity abruptly interrupted a few months later (summer 1948) due to warfare in the neighboring Souli’s region. In cases where the safety of the Paidopolis and the lives of the children were in immediate danger, appropriate measures had to be taken in order them to be protect-ed. So, children and staff of Paidopolis “Aghios Alexandros” were hur-riedly transferred in Attica, where they were hosted in the premises of the similar institution of “Aghios Andreas”.
Ιn this new environment, there were initially workable difficulties due to the large number of children and staff (almost 800 persons in the begin-ning and more than 600 later on), the lack of space and sometimes short-age of water. However, there were remarkable efforts to deal with these functional problems, while special care has been taken for significant areas, such as diet, health care, basic and technical education and enter-tainment. Children’s contacts with the royal family and the “outside world” have been more “counterfeit”, impersonal and standardized than essential due to the fact that the former always followed a strictly struc-tured program. After all, the historical documents examined in this short study were written by adults (Paidopolis’ staff) without any participation of those who were directly involved, the children themselves, and as a result the view of the latter was not officially recorded or asked. Unfortu-nately, no informants were found to explain us how they emotionally experienced this “experience of moving” from Ziros’ area to Attica and how they lived there during the period 1948-1950. Thus, those questions –from the children’s point of view and their emotional world– remain in essence unanswered. All in all, these experiences that those boys and girls lived within the regulatory framework during a civil war have affected their lives either positively or negatively.
In addition to a careful analysis of the fortification’s physical structure and its relationship with the surrounding landscape, she also introduces an important archival source recently discovered at the Gennadius Library in Athens, a series of hand-written reports by the French engineers (a Captain Ponceton and Frédéric Guillaume de Vaudoncourt), whom Ali Pasha hired for the construction of Agios Georgios as well as other fortifications in the region. These reports reveal the delicate balance of power among various imperial actors at this time, and how these macropolitics were expressed spatially within evershifting border regions. Additionally, the reports point to an emerging class of military engineers who frequently crossed these imperial borders to meet the increasing demand on all sides for the latest developments in fortification technology, resulting in the blurring of the definitions of “Ottoman”, “Islamic”, and “European” military architecture.
A full transcription of the relevant sections found in the French archival accounts is attached as an appendix to this paper.
In the studied cases the author presenrs the effort of Christian women to improve their lives and defend their rights in the Ottoman Court.
In the first case, the accused teachers, sisters Nicolaides, managed to win the litigation filed against them. The woman of the second case was unable to present liable evidence in court and consequently lost the case. In both cases women confronted with Christian men in court.
The Christian women studied here tried, by using the Ottoman Court, to overcome the legal inferiority and gender discrimination imposed to them by the society, the religion and the law. The success or failure of their attempts depended on the particular circumstances of the case. Of great importance was, as well, the involvement or distance held by the Orthodox Church and the Christian community of the city concerning the Christians who decided to use the Ottoman Court and the Islamic justice in order to settle their cases.
Through the variety of the studied documents, the unbreakable connection of women with marriage and family was established. There was particular care for the proper upbringing and endowment of girls to their future rehabilitation. Within marriage, however, it was noted that women were often a victim of abuse, but they did not hesitate to go to the metropolitan court asking for a divorce. There were also cases of women who deviated from the straight course and did not keep their wedding vows. At the same time, concerted efforts were made to educate girls, aimed at their proper preparation for home management and children raising.
The Metropolis of Nicopolis was founded on 24th August 1881, when Ioakeim III, the Ecumenical Patriarch, suggested to the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate its reconstitution. The suggestion was unanimously accepted by the hierarchs.
Ambrosios Konstantinidis was born in Vafeiochori (Boyaciköy), near Constantinople, in 1843. He was ordained priest during his theological studies and after their conclusion he was appointed preacher in Pera, Constantinople, and teacher in community schools of Constantinople. On 4th December 1868 he was elected metropolitan of Lampsakos. Four years later, in 1872, he was elected metropolitan of Sisanion, in Macedonia. In 1877, he was moved to the Metropolis of Chios, and in 1881, he was elected as first metropolitan of Nicopolis. Ambrosios arrived in Preveza in December 1881 and commanded the metropolis and its community until June 1885, when he died.
During his primacy, Ambrosios worked for the creation of new ecclesiastical, educational, and social structures in his provinces and with his charismatic personality he worked for the community’s development.
The creation of the first residential core on the peninsula of Preveza seems to have followed the gradual decline and the subsequent desolation of the neighboring city of Nicopolis. The residential and communication “vacuum” that the withering of the erst vivid and powerful middle byzan-tine nautical center caused from the middle of the 11th century and onwards, was covered by the establishment of a new or the revivification of an al-ready existing naval settlement on the meridian coast of the peninsula. This settlement will gradually develop turning stepwise from a simple commer-cial transit point into a small town. The exact date of the establishment of this new settlement its location and its historical course up to the middle of the 15th century approximately still remains latent.
In 1463 the Ottomans became rulers of Riniassa and along with it of the area of Preveza. In 1477/8, the new dominants fortified the crossing, constructing the castle of Bouka. Α second fortification of the castle fol-lowed in 1495 in order to strengthen its defense against Charles VIII of France. On the 3rd of May 1605 the order of the knights of Saint Stephen devastated Preveza in a rapid venture, causing appreciable damages to the castle and the settlement as well as to its population. This venture though, did not alter the political balance in the region. The Ottomans continued to dominate the city until the advent of the Venetians in 1684. The conquest of the city on the 29th of September 1684 by Francesco Morosini marked the beginning of the first Venetian occupation which though proved to be of short duration. In 1699/1701, with the treaty of Karlowitz, the Ottomans gained once more the control of the city, and a demolished castle of Bouka.
During the period of the Ottoman rule, probably by the beginning of the 17th century, Preveza was the seat of a kaza which appertained to the sandjak of Ioannina and was governed by a subaşı and a kadı. During the first Venetian rule the city became the seat of a distinct administrative pre-fecture governed by two Provveditori who were assisted by a considerable number of support services. The protection of the city against the Ottoman danger was assigned to the corps of the Guardia while that of the surround-ing region to the corps of the civil guard (Cernidi).
The form of the city during the 17th century, as it is shown in a series of drawings related to its conquest by the Florentines and the Venetians in 1605 and 1684 respectively, is characterized by the distinction between the castle and the unfortified settlement. The houses of the settlement as well as the commercial activity of the city was developed alongside a road while inside the castle lived the authorities. The conquest of the city by the Vene-tians in 1684 marked the making of a series of important fortification pro-jects in the castle of Bouka as well as in the surrounding area with the con-struction of six towers, in an attempt to reinforce the defense of the city and to better monitor the crossing.
At the beginning of the 17th century the population of Preveza num-bered more or less the same number, as the one given in the last Ottoman census of 1579, counting 300-350 people. In the years to follow, the city seems to have witnessed some population growth, the extent though of which, due to the lack of reliable evidence, is hard to determine with cer-tainty.
Concerning the economic and commercial activities, the city of Preveza emerged as an important commercial center in the early 17th century and witnessed economic growth. Important factors of the economic develop-ment were the fisheries and the fish farming. Between Preveza and Arta there was a wooded area, which was suitable for the repair of large vessels and the construction of small ships. The trade of salt was systematized, when the Venetians became dominants of Lefkada, while Preveza was a production center of olive oil. The main aim of the Venetians was to exploit the trade of the area of Amvrakikos. Their pursuit was modeled with the establishment of customs authorities and of a sanctuary in Preveza, and by taking measures to stimulate the local trade.
Information about the taxes paid by the local population to the Otto-mans, until 1684, is given in the Report of the Provveditore Extraordinario of Lefkada P. Bembo. Among the fiscal obligations due to the Ottoman rulers, the most important were the capital tax and the taxation on the land, while considerable revenues were also raised by the exploitation of the salt marshes and the fish-farms. During the Venetian rule the area of Preveza was financially subject to the fiscal chamber of Lefkada. From 1696 and onwards the Venetians established a systematic taxation system, raising money from various taxes and custom duties, such as the tithe and the tar-iffs imposed on the inbound and outbound products coming and leaving the port.
Attention is also given to the field of the artistic creation in the nearby area, given the fact that no ecclesiastical monuments of this period survive in the city. In a nearby settlement from the city of Preveza we can find one of the most important monuments of the 17th century in the region, the Dormition of Virgin Mary at Kastri, near Rizovouni. The monument is influ-enced by the art of the region of Epirus the same period, while the art of the painter is distinguished for aesthetic and artistic excellence.
The volume contains the prize awarded paper submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2021", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The paper included in the volume is written by Ms. Argyro K. Ganali under the title: "Onde sepolta Prevesa in sè stessa sopraviva la sola memoria". The first Venetian domination of Preveza and its end (1684-1701).
Αποτέλεσμα του σχετικά μεγάλου αριθμού ξένων επισκεπτών υπήρξε το πλήθος συγγραμμάτων, στα οποία οι συγγραφείς τους όχι μόνον εξέθεταν τις εντυπώσεις τους από την απομονωμένη τούτη γωνιά της Βαλκανικής, αλλά παρουσίαζαν ταυτόχρονα και την καθημερινή ζωή και τον χαρακτήρα των κατοίκων, τις σημαίνουσες προσωπικότητες, τις περιπέτειες, την αγριότητα της φύσης και τις ομορφιές της.
Η εικονογράφηση των περιηγητικών συγγραμμάτων του 19ου αιώνα γινόταν με τα διαθέσιμα την εποχή εκείνη μέσα. Στην προ-φωτογραφική περίοδο, οι απεικονίσεις των βιβλίων αποτελούσαν προϊόν της χαρακτικής τέχνης, η οποία μετέφερε στο χαρτί τα σκίτσα και τα έργα ζωγραφικής που οι ταξιδιώτες δημιουργούσαν, κατά κύριο λόγο, στη διάρκεια των περιηγήσεών τους. Τα χαρακτικά αυτά διασώζουν την εικόνα της Ηπείρου της εποχής τους.
Συμμετέχοντας στον εορτασμό της επετείου των 200 χρόνων από την έναρξη της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης του 1821, η Περιφερειακή Ένωση Δήμων Ηπείρου και το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις αποφάσισαν να δημιουργήσουν ένα λεύκωμα με επιλογή χαρακτηριστικών απεικονίσεων που μας ταξιδεύουν στην Ήπειρο του 19ου αιώνα.
Στην έκδοση (folio σε σκληρό κουτί) αναπαράγονται είκοσι από τα έργα του κ. Λέανδρου Μ. Σπαρτιώτη, αντιπροσωπευτικά των επτά αρχαίων θεάτρων, τα οποία σώζονται στην Ήπειρο της ελληνικής επικράτειας.
Το εισαγωγικό κείμενο για το αρχαίο θέατρο και τα σωζόμενα θέατρα της Ηπείρου συνέταξε ο αρχαιολόγος κ. Γεώργιος Ρήγινος.
The volume contains the three best papers submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2019", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The papers included in the volume are by: Dr. Dimitrios Douros, Dr. Fotini Chaireti, and Mr. Stefanos Agathos.
The volume contains the five best papers submitted in the "History of Preveza Prize Competition 2017", organized by the General Archives of Greece and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation. The papers included in the volume are by: Dr. Emily Neumeier, Ms. Fotini Chaireti, Ms. Maria Balou, Dr. Emmanouil Xinadas, and Dr. Georgios Zarakas & Dr. Vasiliki Zorba.
The Proceedings were published in July 2010, by the University of Ioannina, the Municipality of Preveza and the Actia Nicopolis Foundation.
Scientific Editors: Marina Vrelli-Zachou & Christos Stavrakos.
Editors: Nikos D. Karabelas & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 99475 0 3
Δύο τόμοι (xxxviii & 1050 σελίδες) των Πρακτικών του Δεύτερου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για την Ιστορία και τον Πολιτισμό της Πρέβεζας, που διεξήχθει στην Πρέβεζα από 16 έως 20 Σεπτεμβρίου 2009.
Τα Πρακτικά εκδόθηκαν στην Πρέβεζα τον Ιούλιο 2010, από το Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, τον Δήμο Πρέβεζας και το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις.
Επιστημονική Επιμέλεια: Μαρίνα Βρέλλη-Ζάχου & Χρήστος Σταυράκος.
Επιμέλεια: Νίκος Δ. Καράμπελας & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 99475 0 3
The Proceedings were published in June 2007, by the Actia Nicopolis Foundation.
Scientific Editor: Konstantinos L. Zachos.
Editors: Nikos D. Karabelas & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 7660 16 9
Δύο τόμοι (xxxix & 1306 σελίδες) των Πρακτικών του Δευτέρου Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για τη Νικόπολη, που διεξήχθη στην Πρέβεζα από 11 έως 15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002.
Τα Πρακτικά εκδόθηκαν στην Πρέβεζα τον Ιούνιο 2007, από το Ίδρυμα Ακτία Νικόπολις.
Επιστημονική Επιμέλεια: Κωνσταντίνος Λ. Ζάχος.
Επιμέλεια: Νίκος Δ. Καράμπελας & Michael Stork.
ISBN: 978 960 7660 16 9
This paper analyses certain aspects of the royalist dictatorship established in Greece by the former General Ioannis Metaxas, on August 4, 1936. In particular, it studies the formation and the operation of the local branch of the National Youth Organisation (E.O.N.) in the region of Preveza. As formally stated, the main goal of E.O.N. was «the mental, ideological and physical education, as well as the military training of the Greek youth, in accordance with the moral, social and political foundations of the State, as it has been formed since the 4th of August». Thus, our study investi-gates the organisation’s impact on and interaction with the local communi-ty, as well as the evaluation of its deeds by the regime’s authorities.
Firstly, the introduction sets out the demographic, social and political framework of Preveza during the interwar period. Afterwards, through the examination of Ioannis Metaxas’ visit to Preveza, in the summer of 1937, we outline the state of things in the wider region during those very years. The dictator’s speech highlights the issues that concern the local communi-ty on the one hand, and on the other, the ways in which the regime per-ceives and incorporates in its rhetoric the local resources and distinct characteristics of Preveza and its people. In its next section, the essay sketches the constitution and the administrative structure of E.O.N., pre-senting its ideological background, its fundamental goals and, broadly speaking, its key position within the regime.
Ιn its core section, the paper focuses on the 19th Regional Admin-istration of E.O.N. in the Prefecture of Preveza. It describes its depart-mental structure, its personnel, its activities, as well as the troubles and disputes arising from its operation. In this respect, the defects of E.O.N.’s local branch are brightly illuminated in a report of Metaxas himself, draft-ed in 1940. Finally, we attempt to draw a summary of our conclusions, evaluating the -rather ailing- effectiveness of the organisation in regard to the expectations and the propaganda of the regime.
Apart from the vast literature concerning the Metaxas regime and the rather scarce one concerning E.O.N., the paper’s account of its regional administration in Preveza is based on fragmentary, yet valuable sources from the Archive of E.O.N., which can be found in the General State Archives of Greece, in Athens. Added to local histories of Preveza, the Minutes of the Municipal Council of the Municipality of Preveza were also a valuable source for this study.
Το ιστοριογραφικό ενδιαφέρον για τις νεολαιίστικες οργανώσεις και ευρύτερα για τη νεολαία ως ιδιαίτερη κοινωνική και πολιτισμική κατηγορία κάθε άλλο παρά πρόσφατο μπορεί να θεωρηθεί. Στην παρούσα εργασία, η οποία πραγματεύεται τοπικές όψεις της ιστορίας της Εθνικής Οργάνωσης Νεολαίας (ΕΟΝ), η σύμφυση της ιστορίας της νεότητας με την πολιτική, αλλά και την τοπική ιστορία, φιλοδοξεί να συμβάλλει στη μελέτη ειδικότερων πτυχών των αυταρχικών καθεστώτων που εξαπλώθηκαν στην Ευρώπη μετά το τέλος του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου.
Αρχικά, η παρούσα μελέτη θέτει επί τάπητος το ιστορικό πλαίσιο της Πρέβεζας του Μεσοπολέμου, εστιάζοντας στην πολιτική ζωή του νομού Πρεβέζης μέχρι και την επιβολή της δικτατορίας της 4ης Αυγούστου. Έπειτα, εξετάζει την επίσκεψη του Ιωάννη Μεταξά στην πόλη στα μέσα Ιουνίου του 1937, αναδεικνύοντας τα ζητήματα που απασχολούσαν την περίοδο εκείνη την ευρύτερη περιφέρεια. Στη συνέχεια, αναλύει τη συγκρότηση και τη δομή της ΕΟΝ, καθώς και την ιδεολογία και τους στόχους που αυτή εξυπηρετούσε. Στο κυρίως θέμα, επικεντρώνεται στη δράση της ΧΙΧ Περιφερειακής Διοίκησης του Νομού Πρεβέζης. Καταληκτικά, επιχειρείται μια σύνοψη των εξαχθέντων συμπερασμάτων και μια αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας της οργάνωσης σε σχέση με τις προσδοκίες του δικτατορικού καθεστώτος.
Βασική πηγή της εργασίας αποτέλεσε το Αρχείο της ΕΟΝ, το οποίο βρίσκεται στην Κεντρική Υπηρεσία των Γενικών Αρχείων του Κράτους (στο εξής: ΓΑΚ–ΕΟΝ). Επιπλέον, αποδελτιώθηκε το περιοδικό Νεολαία της ΕΟΝ, ενώ προσπελάστηκαν επίσης τα Πρακτικά του Δημοτικού Συμβουλίου του Δήμου Πρεβέζης (στο εξής: ΠΔΣΠ) κατά την περίοδο 1936-1941. Τέλος, σε βιβλιογραφικό επίπεδο, μελετήθηκαν τα σπουδαιότερα έργα για την ιστορία της περιοχής κατά το πρώτο ήμισυ του 20ού αιώνα.
The present study focuses on two unpublished Ottoman documents, which are kept in the Archives of the Holy Metropolis of Nicopolis and Preveza; in particular, a report (takrir), and an edict by the Sultan (firman).
The report dates back in the years 1847-1848, and relates to the ef-forts of a group of Preveza’s residents to claim the return of their proper-ties, which were violently seized by Ali Paşa and given to Albanian fami-lies.
The edict (firman) dates in 1901, and relates to the repair of a church in the village of Kamarina, near Preveza. The document informs us that the Greek Patriarchate of Constantinople relayed to the Sultan the request of Kamarina’s inhabitants in order to obtain permission to repair their church, which had been damaged by fire.
Although the two documents seem to have nothing in common with regard to the historical context, the time period, their subject, the place where the documents were written, and their senders, there is a common element which connects them; it is the attempt of the Christian subjects to request the assistance of the Sultan himself for the settlement of their affairs. Even though the procedure of writing and sending a request direct-ly to the Sultan required a lot of time and money, it seems that in some cases it was the only solution.
This paper attempts to approach one of the most controversial episodes of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949), the Queen Frederica’s “Paidopoleis” (children’s cities aka childtowns). More specifically, an aspect of this Civil War also concerned the transfer of many juvenile children from war zones to safe centers in order them to be saved and protected. Ιn this way, those children were involved somehow in the “diplomatic game” of the Cold War. In particular, the article focuses on the two years period 1948-1950 of the Ziros’ Paidopolis, named “Aghios Alexandros”, examining a series of official documents of that institution. A quite large part of the archivial material of the Ziros' Paidopolis was found a few years ago in poor condi-tion, but now is kept in the Archives of Prefecture of Preveza.
Although at the Ziros’ Paidopolis in Preveza, which was quite similar with a small village, children from nearby areas had found shelter since early 1948, its activity abruptly interrupted a few months later (summer 1948) due to warfare in the neighboring Souli’s region. In cases where the safety of the Paidopolis and the lives of the children were in immediate danger, appropriate measures had to be taken in order them to be protect-ed. So, children and staff of Paidopolis “Aghios Alexandros” were hur-riedly transferred in Attica, where they were hosted in the premises of the similar institution of “Aghios Andreas”.
Ιn this new environment, there were initially workable difficulties due to the large number of children and staff (almost 800 persons in the begin-ning and more than 600 later on), the lack of space and sometimes short-age of water. However, there were remarkable efforts to deal with these functional problems, while special care has been taken for significant areas, such as diet, health care, basic and technical education and enter-tainment. Children’s contacts with the royal family and the “outside world” have been more “counterfeit”, impersonal and standardized than essential due to the fact that the former always followed a strictly struc-tured program. After all, the historical documents examined in this short study were written by adults (Paidopolis’ staff) without any participation of those who were directly involved, the children themselves, and as a result the view of the latter was not officially recorded or asked. Unfortu-nately, no informants were found to explain us how they emotionally experienced this “experience of moving” from Ziros’ area to Attica and how they lived there during the period 1948-1950. Thus, those questions –from the children’s point of view and their emotional world– remain in essence unanswered. All in all, these experiences that those boys and girls lived within the regulatory framework during a civil war have affected their lives either positively or negatively.
In addition to a careful analysis of the fortification’s physical structure and its relationship with the surrounding landscape, she also introduces an important archival source recently discovered at the Gennadius Library in Athens, a series of hand-written reports by the French engineers (a Captain Ponceton and Frédéric Guillaume de Vaudoncourt), whom Ali Pasha hired for the construction of Agios Georgios as well as other fortifications in the region. These reports reveal the delicate balance of power among various imperial actors at this time, and how these macropolitics were expressed spatially within evershifting border regions. Additionally, the reports point to an emerging class of military engineers who frequently crossed these imperial borders to meet the increasing demand on all sides for the latest developments in fortification technology, resulting in the blurring of the definitions of “Ottoman”, “Islamic”, and “European” military architecture.
A full transcription of the relevant sections found in the French archival accounts is attached as an appendix to this paper.
In the studied cases the author presenrs the effort of Christian women to improve their lives and defend their rights in the Ottoman Court.
In the first case, the accused teachers, sisters Nicolaides, managed to win the litigation filed against them. The woman of the second case was unable to present liable evidence in court and consequently lost the case. In both cases women confronted with Christian men in court.
The Christian women studied here tried, by using the Ottoman Court, to overcome the legal inferiority and gender discrimination imposed to them by the society, the religion and the law. The success or failure of their attempts depended on the particular circumstances of the case. Of great importance was, as well, the involvement or distance held by the Orthodox Church and the Christian community of the city concerning the Christians who decided to use the Ottoman Court and the Islamic justice in order to settle their cases.
Through the variety of the studied documents, the unbreakable connection of women with marriage and family was established. There was particular care for the proper upbringing and endowment of girls to their future rehabilitation. Within marriage, however, it was noted that women were often a victim of abuse, but they did not hesitate to go to the metropolitan court asking for a divorce. There were also cases of women who deviated from the straight course and did not keep their wedding vows. At the same time, concerted efforts were made to educate girls, aimed at their proper preparation for home management and children raising.
The Metropolis of Nicopolis was founded on 24th August 1881, when Ioakeim III, the Ecumenical Patriarch, suggested to the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate its reconstitution. The suggestion was unanimously accepted by the hierarchs.
Ambrosios Konstantinidis was born in Vafeiochori (Boyaciköy), near Constantinople, in 1843. He was ordained priest during his theological studies and after their conclusion he was appointed preacher in Pera, Constantinople, and teacher in community schools of Constantinople. On 4th December 1868 he was elected metropolitan of Lampsakos. Four years later, in 1872, he was elected metropolitan of Sisanion, in Macedonia. In 1877, he was moved to the Metropolis of Chios, and in 1881, he was elected as first metropolitan of Nicopolis. Ambrosios arrived in Preveza in December 1881 and commanded the metropolis and its community until June 1885, when he died.
During his primacy, Ambrosios worked for the creation of new ecclesiastical, educational, and social structures in his provinces and with his charismatic personality he worked for the community’s development.
The creation of the first residential core on the peninsula of Preveza seems to have followed the gradual decline and the subsequent desolation of the neighboring city of Nicopolis. The residential and communication “vacuum” that the withering of the erst vivid and powerful middle byzan-tine nautical center caused from the middle of the 11th century and onwards, was covered by the establishment of a new or the revivification of an al-ready existing naval settlement on the meridian coast of the peninsula. This settlement will gradually develop turning stepwise from a simple commer-cial transit point into a small town. The exact date of the establishment of this new settlement its location and its historical course up to the middle of the 15th century approximately still remains latent.
In 1463 the Ottomans became rulers of Riniassa and along with it of the area of Preveza. In 1477/8, the new dominants fortified the crossing, constructing the castle of Bouka. Α second fortification of the castle fol-lowed in 1495 in order to strengthen its defense against Charles VIII of France. On the 3rd of May 1605 the order of the knights of Saint Stephen devastated Preveza in a rapid venture, causing appreciable damages to the castle and the settlement as well as to its population. This venture though, did not alter the political balance in the region. The Ottomans continued to dominate the city until the advent of the Venetians in 1684. The conquest of the city on the 29th of September 1684 by Francesco Morosini marked the beginning of the first Venetian occupation which though proved to be of short duration. In 1699/1701, with the treaty of Karlowitz, the Ottomans gained once more the control of the city, and a demolished castle of Bouka.
During the period of the Ottoman rule, probably by the beginning of the 17th century, Preveza was the seat of a kaza which appertained to the sandjak of Ioannina and was governed by a subaşı and a kadı. During the first Venetian rule the city became the seat of a distinct administrative pre-fecture governed by two Provveditori who were assisted by a considerable number of support services. The protection of the city against the Ottoman danger was assigned to the corps of the Guardia while that of the surround-ing region to the corps of the civil guard (Cernidi).
The form of the city during the 17th century, as it is shown in a series of drawings related to its conquest by the Florentines and the Venetians in 1605 and 1684 respectively, is characterized by the distinction between the castle and the unfortified settlement. The houses of the settlement as well as the commercial activity of the city was developed alongside a road while inside the castle lived the authorities. The conquest of the city by the Vene-tians in 1684 marked the making of a series of important fortification pro-jects in the castle of Bouka as well as in the surrounding area with the con-struction of six towers, in an attempt to reinforce the defense of the city and to better monitor the crossing.
At the beginning of the 17th century the population of Preveza num-bered more or less the same number, as the one given in the last Ottoman census of 1579, counting 300-350 people. In the years to follow, the city seems to have witnessed some population growth, the extent though of which, due to the lack of reliable evidence, is hard to determine with cer-tainty.
Concerning the economic and commercial activities, the city of Preveza emerged as an important commercial center in the early 17th century and witnessed economic growth. Important factors of the economic develop-ment were the fisheries and the fish farming. Between Preveza and Arta there was a wooded area, which was suitable for the repair of large vessels and the construction of small ships. The trade of salt was systematized, when the Venetians became dominants of Lefkada, while Preveza was a production center of olive oil. The main aim of the Venetians was to exploit the trade of the area of Amvrakikos. Their pursuit was modeled with the establishment of customs authorities and of a sanctuary in Preveza, and by taking measures to stimulate the local trade.
Information about the taxes paid by the local population to the Otto-mans, until 1684, is given in the Report of the Provveditore Extraordinario of Lefkada P. Bembo. Among the fiscal obligations due to the Ottoman rulers, the most important were the capital tax and the taxation on the land, while considerable revenues were also raised by the exploitation of the salt marshes and the fish-farms. During the Venetian rule the area of Preveza was financially subject to the fiscal chamber of Lefkada. From 1696 and onwards the Venetians established a systematic taxation system, raising money from various taxes and custom duties, such as the tithe and the tar-iffs imposed on the inbound and outbound products coming and leaving the port.
Attention is also given to the field of the artistic creation in the nearby area, given the fact that no ecclesiastical monuments of this period survive in the city. In a nearby settlement from the city of Preveza we can find one of the most important monuments of the 17th century in the region, the Dormition of Virgin Mary at Kastri, near Rizovouni. The monument is influ-enced by the art of the region of Epirus the same period, while the art of the painter is distinguished for aesthetic and artistic excellence.
Στην παρούσα εισήγηση γίνεται ανασκόπηση των βασικών χαρακτηριστικών των εργασιών συντήρησης που πραγματοποιήθηκαν στα οικοδομήματα που αποκαλύφθηκαν στις ανασκαφές της Πομπηίας από την αρχή των εξερευνήσεων το 1748. Προτείνεται η ταύτιση των πολιτιστικών κινήτρων που κατευθύνουν τις μεθόδους ανακατασκευής των αρχαίων κτιρίων. Γίνεται λόγος για τα στέγαστρα που κατασκευάστηκαν πρόσφατα και για τις κατευθυντήριες γραμμές που οδήγησαν στις σύγχρονες εργασίες συντήρησης στην Πομπηία.
Με αφορμή τα νέα ανακαλυφθέντα ανάγλυφα της Νικόπολης παρουσιάζεται ένα ανάγλυφο με παράσταση θριαμβευτικής πομπής, το οποίο χρονολογείται στην εποχή του Κλαυδίου και βρίσκεται σε ιδιωτική συλλογή στην Ισπανία. Το ανάγλυφο ανήκει σε έναν ευρύτερο κύκλο ανάγλυφων, ο οποίος στόλισε ένα άγνωστο αρχιτεκτονικό μνημείο σε κάποια άγνωστη για μας πόλη της Κεντρικής Ιταλίας. Η εικονογραφική εξέταση της pompa triumphalis περιλαμβάνει τα βασικότερα μνημεία και κέρματα των δύο πρώτων αιώνων των Αυτοκρατορικών χρόνων. Από τη συνολική συνάφεια του κύκλου διαφαίνεται ότι ο θριαμβευτής που παρουσιάζεται στο ανάγλυφο της Ισπανίας όπως και στο ανάγλυφο της Νικόπολης είναι ο αυτοκράτορας Αύγουστος. Ο τριπλός του θρίαμβος του έτους 29 π.Χ. μνημονεύεται στα ανάγλυφα αυτά.
Im Byzantinischen Museum von Ioannina wird ein Siegel aufbewahrt, das aus dem frühen 11. Jh. stammen muss, aber so manche Charakteristika aufweist, die in früheren Epochen «in Mode» waren, wie das geschlossene Beta.
Die Legende des Siegels ist (transkribiert) zu lesen: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Πέτρῳ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ βασιλικῷ κουράτορι Βιτόλης καὶ Ἠγιβάτου τῷ Πάρδῳ.
Es handelt sich also um die Bulle eines Petros, wohl mit dem Familiennamen Pardos (Pleures oder Pleuses kann nicht sicher ausgeschlossen werden), der den damals relativ ho-hen Rangtitel Protospatharios besaß und Kurator kaiserlicher Domänen in (oder bei) Bitola und einem zweiten Ort war, der wahrscheinlich Ἠγίβατον (Egibaton) hieß, wohl ein byzanti-nischer Versuch, das slawische Gjavat/Đavato wiederzugeben, Pass (und Ortschaft) an der Via Egnatia zwischen Bitola und dem Prespa-See.
Wir wissen, dass Gabriel, ein Mitglied der Komitopulen, in Bitola seinen Palast, seine βασίλεια hatte, die Basileios II im Jahre 1014 eingeäschert hat. Demgemäß liegt die Vermu-tung nahe, dass obige Kuratorie auf den ehemaligen Besitzungen Gabriels eingerichtet wur-de.
Zur Stützung des Familiennamens Pardos wird das – fast synchrone – Siegel eines Ioan-nes Pardos herangezogen, der ebenfalls Kurator war, wohl in Antiochien, jedoch nur den et-was niedrigeren Rangtitel «Spatharokandidat» besaß.
Η Νικόπολη στην Ήπειρο είναι μία από τις πόλεις των οποίων η οχυρωμένη περιοχή μειώθηκε σημαντικά σε μέγεθος κατά την Ύστερη Αρχαιότητα με την οικοδόμηση νέων τειχών, τα οποία περιέκλειαν μία μικρότερη περιοχή από εκείνη των προηγούμενων οχυρώσεων.
Τα γνωστά οικοδομήματα της Νικόπολης κατά την Ύστερη Αρχαιότητα ήταν στην πλειοψηφία τους τοποθετημένα μέσα στη νέα περίμετρο: τέσσερις εκκλησίες, δύο λουτρά, μία πιθανή επισκοπική κατοικία και άλλες κατασκευές. Εξετάζοντας τη Νικόπολη και άλλες πόλεις των οποίων ο αστικός χώρος μειώθηκε δημιουργούνται αρκετά ερωτήματα: 1) Πότε έλαβε χώρα αυτή η αλλαγή; 2) Για ποιους λόγους κατασκευάστηκαν καινούρια τείχη, για να περικλείσουν μία πιο περιορισμένη περιοχή; 3) Πώς επηρέασαν τα νέα οχυρωματικά έργα τις αντιλήψεις των κατοίκων για την πόλη τους και για το χώρο μέσα και έξω από τα τείχη;
Είναι γενικά αποδεκτό ότι τα πρώιμα βυζαντινά τείχη της Νικόπολης κατασκευάστηκαν το δεύτερο μισό του 5ου αι., ίσως μετά τη βανδαλική επιδρομή του 474/475. Ωστόσο, σχεδόν ίδιο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζουν οι μαρτυρίες ότι τα αρχικά ρωμαϊκά τείχη είχαν ανακατασκευαστεί τον 3ο ή τον 4ο αι. Στην περίπτωση της Νικόπολης, όπως σε πολλές άλλες πόλεις, μπορεί να υποτεθεί μία σχέση συμβίωσης ανάμεσα στην καινούρια, μικρότερη πρώιμη βυζαντινή περίμετρο των τειχών και στα οικοδομήματα που περικλείονται και προστατεύονται από τα τείχη· αυτό όμως που παραμένει ακόμη αβέβαιο είναι αν το τείχος είχε κατασκευαστεί, για να προστατέψει ήδη υπάρχοντα οικοδομήματα ή αν τα οικοδομήματα χτίστηκαν μέσα στη νέα περίμετρο των οχυρωματικών έργων. Η τοποθέτηση των ταφών και των νεκροταφείων γύρω από τις πόλεις, οι οποίες είχαν σμικρυνθεί από την κατασκευή νέων τειχών, συνήθως προσφέρει μαρτυρίες για τη σταδιακή αλλαγή αντίληψης αναφορικά για το ποιος ήταν αστικός και ποιος εξω-αστικός χώρος. Στη Νικόπολη δεν έχει βρεθεί σχεδόν κανένας τάφος της Ύστερης Αρχαιότητας, σε αντίθεση με τα πολυάριθμα και εκτεταμένα ρωμαϊκά νεκροταφεία της πόλης. Η πρόσφατη ανακάλυψη ταφών της άρχουσας τάξης στη Βασιλική Δ, η οποία βρίσκεται σε κάποια απόσταση έξω από το πρώιμο βυζαντινό τείχος, δίνει τελικά στη Νικόπολη μία κοιμητηριακή Βασιλική. Η Βασιλική Δ μπορεί να χρησιμοποιήθηκε για ταφές επισκόπων και άλλων υψηλά ιστάμενων μελών του κλήρου. Μόνο η περαιτέρω έρευνα θα δείξει αν τα νεκροταφεία της Ύστερης Αρχαιότητας βρίσκονταν κοντά στη βασιλική ή αν η τοποθεσία τους ακόμη παραμένει άγνωστη.
Η επιλογή της καλύτερης μελέτης θα γίνει από Επιστημονική Επιτροπή, η οποία θα απαρτίζεται (κατ’ αλφαβητική σειρά) από τους:
1. Δημοσθένη Αρ. Δόνο, διδάκτορα Πανεπιστημίου J. W. Goethe Φρανκφούρτης,
2. Χρήστο Σ. Ζαμπακόλα, επίκουρο καθηγητή του Πανεπιστημίου Δυτικής Αττικής,
3. Ιάκωβο Μιχαηλίδη, καθηγητή του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης,
4. Παναγιώτα Τζιβάρα, αναπληρώτρια καθηγήτρια του Δημοκριτείου Πανεπιστημίου Θράκης και
5. Θανάση Χρήστου, καθηγητή του Πανεπιστημίου Πελοποννήσου.
Όροι του διαγωνισμού στο συνημμένο αρχείο.
Καταληκτική ημερομηνία 29.2.2024.
1. Δημοσθένη Αρ. Δόνο, διδάκτορα Πανεπιστημίου J. W. Goethe Φρανκφούρτης,
2. Βασίλειο Κουκουσά, καθηγητή του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης και πρόεδρο του Ελληνικού Ινστιτούτου Βυζαντινών και Μεταβυζαντινών Σπουδών Βενετίας,
3. Γεώργιο Β. Nικολάου, αναπληρωτή καθηγητή του Πανεπιστημίου Ιωαννίνων,
4. Σπυρίδωνα Γ. Πλουμίδη, αναπληρωτή καθηγητή του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών,
5. Παναγιώτα Τζιβάρα, επίκουρη καθηγήτρια του Δημοκρίτειου Πανεπιστημίου Θράκης
Όροι του διαγωνισμού στο συνημμένο αρχείο.