Alfredo Taunay

Literatura e Cinema têm tido, ao longo da História, um papel precursor em diversos movimentos sociais. Por sua vez, diferentes propostas feministas seriam lançadas por escritoras, filósofas, jornalistas e, já nos séculos 20 e 21, por cineastas politicamente engajadas. Nos últimos anos, o surgimento de uma estética queer, que perpassa diferentes formas de expressão artística, viria questionar os conceitos de heteronormatividade e gênero. Nesse sentido, pretendemos analisar dois livros adaptados à sétima arte que sintetizam a mesma problemática: Orlando, de Virginia Woolf (1928) e Sally Potter (1992); e As horas, de Michael Cunningham (1998) e Stephen Daldry (2002). Palavras-chave: tempo, indefinição, gênero, hibridismo, androgenia Queer melancholy: the masculine and the feminine as located at a time cinematographic constructions Abstract Literature and Cinema have had, throughout history, a leading role in various social movements. In turn, different feminist proposals would be presented by female writers, philosophers, journalists, and already in the 20th and 21st centuries, by politically engaged filmmakers. In recent years, the emergence of a queer aesthetic that runs through different forms of artistic expression, would question the concepts of heteronormativity and gender. In this sense, we intend to analyse two books adapted to the seventh art that synthesize the same problem:

The history of Brazilian cinema is marked by many moments of euphoria and production crisis. Since the 1990s (a period that became known as the Resumption of the Brazilian Cinema), the film market in Brazil has been stable and film production has increased each year, according to the National Agency of Brazilian Cinema (ANCINE). Thanks to new digital equipment, there is the " prosumer " , who not only consume what is produced, but also produces, even in an amateur way. However, the increase in production does not mean reach an audience without restriction, either through cinema, whether in home video distribution or internet. From the difficulties of distribution and exhibition in commercial theaters, the digital format has created favorable conditions for democratization of the access to the movies, facilitating them from reaching the public and in various formats. This communication is intended as an argument: a look at the brazilian film production in the first decade of this century, some of the strategies used in the context of new media, distribution and exhibition of produced works. Digital Cinema as a key guiding concept alludes to the multiplicity of aspects and highlights how the effects of new media led to the change in cinema.

The concept of queer cinema emerged in the early 1990s and it refers to a series of films that would take the spectator to question the gender rules. Thus, the aim of our study is to analyse the deconstruction of heteronormativity vision through some film characters, presented mainly in some literary texts of Virginia Woolf, adapted to the cinema. In order to analyse these transitions, the concepts of identity in Amartya Sen, and heteronormativity, in the Queer Theory, were central to our task. Looking through society's evolution, as Orlando's may provide, " masculine " and " feminine " are questionable and flexible concepts. What today is representative of a genre can represent both or precisely " the other " one a few years later.

A presente monografia procura levantar algumas questões específicas sobre a transição do cinema em película para o cinema digital, conforme sua influência na cinematografia brasileira. É considerada relevante para o trabalho a análise do
filme “Apenas o fim”, do cineasta Matheus Souza, filmado totalmente em mídia digital, tendo como eixo central da reflexão o processo de produção, distribuição e exibição da obra. Levanta-se com isso, a discussão em torno da democratização da produção na sétima arte, tentando-se compreender como tal evento se reflete na produção nacional e quais as mudanças e possibilidades na distribuição e exibição
dos filmes digitais.

Palavras-chave: Cinema Digital. Democratização. Transição. Cinema nacional. Rain Network.

The research presented here shows the ways in which queer film festivals contribute to the production, exhibition and debate on genre films. Our study object to answer the initial question are the Queer Lisbon festival, held annually in Portugal, and the Exhibition New Queer Cinema in Brazil. After electing the research technique, the chosen festivals were analyzed by the hermeneutic or interpretation method. We apply this method to analyze and interpret the reports, catalogs, events websites and semi-structured interviews with the producers. We also present some important concepts for a better understanding of the subject, such as Queer Cinema, heteronormativity, sex, gender and sexuality. The research was divided into three chapters: 1 - Queer Theory - Brief Introduction, where a historical overview of the Queer Theory is presented; 2 - Cinema and Queer Theory, to introduce the concept, analyze it and identify the main features of these films; 3 - Brazil and Portugal in the route of Queer Cinema Festivals, in which the analysis of the two researched festivals is revealed.
 
Keywords

Queer Cinema; Queer Theory; Heteronormativity; Gender; Film Festivals.