Mariangela Allgayer

Cloacal swabs were collected from 280 captive psittacine birds belonging to 13 species. Samples of dna were tested by PCR using a pair of primers that amplify a 284 base pair fragment of the Salmonella genus invA gene, and the PCR-positive samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques. Thirteen per cent of the samples were positive by PCR, but negative by microbiological techniques. The infection rates were significantly different among the 13 species, the most commonly infected being Amazona amazonica (28 per cent) and Amazona pretrei (20 per cent). Specific tests for Salmonella Typhimurium Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Pullorum and Salmonella Gallinarum did not produce positive results.

Os répteis (classe Reptilia) animais ectotérmicos com metabolismo bastante lento, possuem anatomia bem diferente dos mamíferos, além disso respondem de forma diferenciada a administração de fármacos. Praticamente não existem espécies dóceis dentro deste grupo de animais, sendo necessária a contenção física ou química para seu manuseio. Existem diferentes métodos de manejo para realizar a contenção física de cada espécie, além da particularidade de cada um com diferentes fármacos anestésicos no momento da contenção química. É muito importante o planejamento de todo procedimento, pois garante segurança para o paciente e equipe. A anestesia desta espécie deve produzir imobilização, analgesia e relaxamento muscular, além de ser seguro e reversível. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão das particularidades anatômicas e fisiológicas de várias espécies de Répteis, assim como dos fármacos anestésicos, visando facilitar a escolha de um protocolo anestésico adequado para cada espécie.

A odontologia na area da Medicina Veterinaria tem ganhado significativo espaco ao longo dos anos. A importância da saude oral para a sanidade e o bem-estar dos animais e a principal razao para o aumento da procura por tratamento e cura dos animais acometidos por patologias relacionadas com a cavidade oral. Dentre as principais patologias, a doenca periodontal e comumente relatada nos pacientes, sendo responsavel pela destruicao do ligamento periodontal e do osso alveolar e quando nao tratada provoca a esfoliacao do dente acometido. O uso de Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP) e considerado uma opcao para regeneracao de tecidos tendo como objetivo a utilizacao das plaquetas como veiculo para armazenagem e transporte de sinais celulares. A presenca do PRP permite que ocorra a aceleracao no processo de reparacao ossea atraves de fatores de crescimento. O objetivo do trabalho consiste na comparacao da regeneracao do tecido osseo alveolar em pacientes acometidos pela doenca periodontal submet...

Os fatores de coagulacao sao proteinas e ions componentes da cascata de coagulacao, responsaveis por manter a hemostasia de um individuo. Uma falha no processo de coagulacao decorrente de diminuicao ou inexistencia de tais fatores culminam em patologias, podendo manifestar-se clinicamente por meio de petequias, equimoses, hematomas e sangramentos tardios, todos de grande importância na medicina veterinaria. Dentre os exames laboratoriais utilizados para avaliar a funcao da coagulacao sanguinea esta a determinacao do tempo de protrombina (TP) e o tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa), ambos avaliados em segundos (s). O TP avalia a via extrinseca da coagulacao, enquanto o TTPa avalia a via intrinseca. O produto final desses dois processos e sempre a formacao de fibrina, e, portanto, ambos os testes tambem avaliam a via comum da cascata de coagulacao. O presente trabalho teve  como objetivo determinar os valores de referencia para TP e TTPa em caes e gatos clinicamente sadios....

Muitos medicos veterinarios ainda utilizam as dosagens de ureia e creatinina sanguineas  como unicos exames complementares para avaliacao da funcao renal. Contudo, estas concentracoes demonstram alteracao apenas quando 75% dos nefrons estao com sua funcao comprometida. A relacao proteina/creatinina (P/C) mensurada atraves da urina, alem de fornecer praticidade na forma de coleta, pois necessita somente de uma amostra urinaria aleatoria, oferece ao veterinario uma estimativa de grande importância, que e a precocidade no diagnostico de lesao renal, ja que essa relacao se altera quando 25% dos nefrons apresentam lesao funcional. Este trabalho objetiva a determinacao dos valores fisiologicos da relacao proteina/creatinina urinaria para caninos, utilizando reagentes comerciais para determinacao da proteina e da creatinina na urina, atraves do uso do espectrofotometro semi-automatico TP Analyzer Basic. Ate o presente momento, foram analisados laudos de exames armazenados no  Laboratorio d...

Dados sobre a sanidade de especies ameacadas pode ser uma importante contribuicao para os programas deconservacao. Este estudo avaliou a sanidade e estabeleceu os parâmetros hematologicos e bioquimicos sericos defilhotes de vida livre da arara-azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) do Pantanal – MS, durante quatro anosconsecutivos (2003 a 2006). O exame clinico evidenciou que os filhotes se apresentavam clinicamente normais.Foram observadas diferencas significativas no diferencial leucocitario, glicose, proteina total, triglicerideos e fosforonas femeas. Aumentos no colesterol e hematocrito foram observados nas femeas mais velhas, e a contagem deleucocitos totais e heterofilos foram mais elevadas nos filhotes mais jovens. Nos machos, os valores de acido uricoforam mais elevados nos individuos mais velhos. O conhecimento dos niveis sanguineos em filhotes clinicamentenormais e essencial para verificar as condicoes fisiologicas e patologicas das araras de vida livre, auxiliando na avaliacao...

Devido a demanda por terapias menos invasivas, o PRP se destaca na medicina esportiva equestre, no organismo por ser uma fonte natural de fatores de crescimento que agudiza a cicatrizacao. As plaquetas assim como macrofagos, celulas endoteliais, monocitos, fibroblastos, osteoblastos possuem Fatores de Crescimento Derivados das Plaquetas (PDGF) no entanto grânulos α das plaquetas constituem o maior reservatorio de PDGF essa e uma glicoproteina mitogenia multifacetada, com peso molecular de aproximadamente 30 kDa. A vantagem do uso de sangue de origem autogena para elaboracao do PRP, evita a transmissao de doencas infectocontagiosas e reacoes imunologicas. O padrao fisiologico do sangue na especie equina apresenta uma abrangencia de 90.000 a 350.000 plaquetas/μL. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um PRP para a especie, de acordo com os valores publicados na literatura, sendo descritos valores que variaram em concentracoes entre 130 a 236%. O desenvolvimento do trabalho, na sua...

It was observed bacterial contamination in 17 (81 %) out of 21 culled eggs from ostrich, during incubation period. Escherichia coli was the most frequent microorganism isolated (7 samples, 33 %), followed by Pseudomonas sp (4 samples, 19.05 %), being found cross contamination into 3 eggs with both microorganisms (14.29 %). It is believed that there is correlation between climatic conditions at the day of laying eggs and bacterial contamination, since 10 out of 21 culled eggs were layed in rainy days and 5 under high humidity conditions. Also, management practices as collection of eggs only in the morning, washing instead of the use of fumigation could be influencing for bacterial contamination.

Na cadeia produtiva da carne bovina e necessario maximizar a obtencao de produtos com boas caracteristicas organolepticas, nutritivas e fisico-quimicas. Por outro lado, ha a preocupacao com o bem estar dos animais, sendo dever do homem evitar sofrimentos inuteis aqueles destinados ao abate. O manejo do gado, a seguranca dos operadores e qualidade das instalacoes dos matodouros-frigorificos sao fatores essenciais para minimizar os efeitos do estresse animal e melhorar as condicoes do produto final. O Check List, ferramenta de monitoramento do bem estar animal, e utilizado para quantificar as alteracoes no transporte e currais de espera. Ja a determinacao da glicemia serve como importante marcador metabolico para avaliar o estresse animal. O presente estudo teve a finalidade de quantificar a glicemia de 3 lotes de bovinos – media de 20 animais por lote, independente de sexo, idade ou raca – destinados ao abate no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sob inspecao estadual do CISPOA – RS. Atrav...

O metodo mais utilizado para avaliacao do estado de saude em qualquer especie e a avaliacao do tecido sanguineo. O hemograma, a proteina plasmatica total (PPT) e o fibrinogenio sao avaliacoes essenciais na especie equina. Dentro deste contexto, este estudo visa determinar parâmetros hematologicos em potros da Raca Crioula, elucidando as diferencas entre estado fisiologico do desenvolvimento e diferentes altitudes no Rio Grande do Sul; tendo como objetivo criar um padrao de referencia especifico para potros desta raca. Foram coletadas 92 amostras de sangue armazenados em tubos com EDTA da jugular de potros clinicamente saudaveis, com idade entre 4 dias a 230 dias. Os animais foram classificados por grupos conforme idade e regiao de origem sendo 45 potros da regiao Serrana (altitude entre 817 e 971 metros) e 47 potros da regiao Central (nivel do mar). Foram determinados o RBC, HGB, HCT, RDW, WBC e PLT em analisador hematologico PocH-100 iV Diff (Roche®); PPT por refratometria e fibrin...

A anemia ferropenica, genericamente chamada de anemia da doenca cronica (ADC) e uma sindrome caracterizada por anemia leve a moderada, normocitica, normocromica, decorrente a inflamacoes, neoplasias, baixa concentracao de ferro serico devido ao seu armazenamento nos depositos sistemicos decorrente ao complexo Hepsidina-ferroportina. Na rotina clinica, prevalecem as anemias arregenerativas, principalmente em casos oncologicos, como abordado neste relato. Em julho de 2016, a paciente canina, SRD, chegou ao Hospital Veterinario da Ulbra, para consulta, referente a um tumor de mama ulcerado. Na consulta foi verificado demais tumores envolvendo cadeia mamaria, variando de 1 a 5cm. A indicacao para tratamento foi a remocao cirurgica. Porem, a paciente encontrava-se em cio, sendo indicado retornar apos 15 dias. No retorno a paciente apresentou piora clinica, com aumento do nodulo ulcerado, perda de sangue e prostracao acentuada. Ao exame hematologico inicial, evidenciou acentuada anemia na...

Hyperlipidemia is characterized by high levels of plasma triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, accompanied by reduced HDL-cholesterol levels, and is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have shown the effects of hyperlipidemia on genomic stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage provided by tyloxapol induced hyperlipidemia. Tyloxapol, a non-ionic surfactant, which increases the activity of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase and decreases clearance of lipoproteins, was used to induce hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats. Genomic instability was assessed using the comet assay which evaluates DNA strand breaks in several tissues, and the micronucleus assay in bone marrow to detect chromosomal mutagenicity for clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects. Biochemical analyses confirmed hyperlipidemia in tyloxapol-treated rats, accompanied by hyperglycemia. Higher creatinine and urea levels were observed, suggesting kidney injury. The comet a...

Background.Industrial processing of the pecan nutCarya illinoinensisK. Koch generated a large amount of shells, which have been used to prepare nutritional supplements and medicinal products; however, the safe use of shells requires assessment. This study evaluated the toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of pecan shell aqueous extract (PSAE) and the possible contribution of phenolic compounds, ellagic and gallic acids, and inorganic elements present in PSAE to induce toxicity.Results.Levels of inorganic elements like K, P, Cl, and Rb quantified using the Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission method were higher in PSAE than in pecan shells, while Mg and Mn levels were higher in shells. Mice showed neurobehavioral toxicity when given high PSAE doses (200–2,000 mg kg−1). The LD50was 1,166.3 mg kg−1. However, PSAE (50–200 mg·kg−1) and the phenolic compounds (10–100 mg·kg−1) did not induce DNA damage or mutagenicity evaluated using the comet assay and micronucleus test. Treatment with ella...

O Brasil possui um considerável número de espécies de psitacídeos catalogados, perfazendo cerca de 80 espécies, sendo que as Araras canindé (Ara ararauna), uma das maiores representantes dessa ordem, podem ser encontradas em florestas nas diversas regiões brasileiras. O Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) normalizou a comercialização de animais da fauna silvestre provenientes de criadouros e conseqüentemente ocorreu um aumento do número destes animais como de estimação. Atualmente, há pouco conhecimento sobre os parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de espécies silvestres em cativeiro. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar parâmetros de bioquímica sangüínea de Araras canindé (Ara ararauna) saudáveis de sexo e faixa etária distintas mantidas em um criatório comercial com alimentação e manejo controlados e padronizados. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 35 araras canindé (11 filhotes e 24 adultos) e remetidas ao Laboratório de ...

Parrots in captivity are frequently affected byEscherichia coli(E. coli) infections. The objective of this study was to collect information on the carrier state forE. colipathotypes in asymptomatic free-ranging parrots. Cloacal swabs were collected from nestlings of Hyacinth, Lear’s macaws and Blue-fronted Amazon parrots and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for virulence factors commonly found in enteropathogenic, avian pathogenic, and uropathogenicE. colistrains. In total, 44 samples were cultured andE. coliisolates were yielded, from which DNA was extracted and processed by PCR. Genes commonly found in APEC isolates from Blue-fronted Amazon parrots and Hyacinth macaws were expressed in 14 of these 44 samples. One atypical EPEC isolate was obtained from a sample from Lear’s macaw. The most commonly found gene was the increased serum survival (iss) gene. This is the first report, that describes such pathotypes in asymptomatic free-living parrots. The findings of this study ...

Psittaciformes are one of the most endangered groups of birds, and several Brazilian species are classified between vulnerable and critically endangered. It is thus necessary to identify agents that cause infections in captive wild animals and to assess the risks posed thereof and to design interventions to minimize the possibility of disease outbreaks, leading to the conservation of endangered species. The purpose of this study was to identify enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) cloacal isolates from asymptomatic psittacines in captivity and evaluate the distribution of the EPEC pathotype. Cloacal swabs were obtained from 46 asymptomatic birds, and resulting isolates were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the attaching and effacing gene (eae) and bundle-forming pilus structural gene (bfpA) of EPEC. Samples from several species were tested, and three samples were found to be positive for the eae and bfpA genes and characterized as typical EPEC. This ...

Coal is an important fossil fuel used to generate energy. Coal dust is constituted primarily of hydrocarbons and metals. During coal extraction, large quantities of coal dust particles are emitted, contributing to environmental pollution. Coal miners are constantly exposed to coal dust and its derivatives. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of coal and oxidative stress in individuals from Candiota who were exposed to coal as part of their occupation. The comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test were used to assess these effects. This study involved 128 male participants of whom 71 reported work that included exposure to coal (exposed group) and 57 reported working at different jobs (unexposed group). The exposed group had a significantly increased damage index and damage frequency, as assessed using the comet assay, and increased MN and nucleoplasmic bridge frequencies, as assessed using the MN assay, compared with unexposed individuals. Significant and positive correlations between MN frequencies in the lymphocytes and buccal cells of control and exposed individuals were observed. The exposed individuals presented lower average levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase activity (CAT), while the mean superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) levels were higher in this group. The exposed group also had higher hematocrit levels. No correlation between DNA damage and inorganic elements, as identified using PIXE, was found; however, there was a correlation between the damage index and zinc. The evidence that exposure to coal and its derivatives presents a genetic hazard demonstrates the need for protective measures and educational programs for coal miners.

Lobeline is a natural alkaloid derived from Lobelia inflata that has been investigated as a clinical candidate for the treatment of alcoholism. In a pre-clinical trial, lobeline decreased the preference for and consumption of ethanol, due to the modulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. However, the interaction between lobeline and ethanol is poorly known and thus there are safety concerns. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of lobeline and assess its modulation of ethanol-induced toxicological effects. CF-1 male mice were divided into five groups. Groups received an intraperitoneal injection of saline solution, lobeline (5 or 10mg/kg), ethanol (2.5 g/kg), or lobeline plus ethanol, once a day for three consecutive days. Genotoxicity was evaluated in peripheral blood using the alkaline comet assay. The mutagenicity was evaluated using both Salmonella/microsome assay in TA1535, TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA102 Salmonella typhimurium strains and the micronucleus test in bone marrow. Possible liver and kidney injuries were evaluated using biochemical analysis. Lobeline did not show genotoxic or mutagenic effects and did not increase the ethanol-induced genotoxic effects in blood. Lobeline also protected blood cells against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Biochemical parameters were not altered, indicating no liver or kidney injuries or alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. These findings suggest that lobeline does not induce gene or chromosomal mutations, and that this lack of genetic toxicity is maintained in the presence of ethanol, providing further evidence of the safety of this drug to treat alcohol dependence.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the cause of a severe and highly contagious disease in dogs. Practical diagnosis of canine distemper based on clinical signs and laboratory tests are required to confirm CDV infection. The present study aimed to develop a molecular assay to detect and differentiate field and vaccine CDV strains. Reverse transcription followed by nested real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-nqPCR) was developed, which exhibited analytical specificity (all the samples from healthy dogs and other canine infectious agents were not incorrectly detected) and sensitivity (all replicates of a vaccine strain were positive up to the 3125-fold dilution - 10(0.7) TCID50). RT-nqPCR was validated for CDV detection on different clinical samples (blood, urine, rectal and conjunctival swabs) of 103 animals suspected to have distemper. A total of 53 animals were found to be positive based on RT-nqPCR in at least one clinical sample. Blood resulted in more positive samples (50 out of 53, 94.3%), followed by urine (44/53, 83.0%), rectal (38/53, 71%) and conjunctival (27/53, 50.9%) swabs. A commercial immunochromatography (IC) assay had detected CDV in only 30 conjunctival samples of these positive dogs. Nucleoprotein (NC) gene sequencing of 25 samples demonstrated that 23 of them were closer to other Brazilian field strains and the remaining two to vaccine strains. A single nucleotide sequences difference, which creates an Msp I restriction enzyme digestion, was used to differentiate between field and vaccine CDV strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The complete assay was more sensitive than was IC for the detection of CDV. Blood was the more frequently positive specimen and the addition of a restriction enzyme step allowed the differentiation of vaccine and Brazilian field strains.