Amil Daraz

This work provides an enhanced novel cascaded controller-based frequency stabilization of a two-region interconnected power system incorporating electric vehicles. The proposed controller combines a cascade structure comprising a fractional-order proportional integrator and a proportional derivative with a filter term to handle the frequency regulation challenges of a hybrid power system integrated with renewable energy sources. Driver training-based optimization, an advanced stochastic meta-heuristic method based on human learning, is employed to optimize the gains of the proposed cascaded controller. The performance of the proposed novel controller was compared to that of other control methods. In addition, the results of driver training-based optimization are compared to those of other recent meta-heuristic algorithms, such as the imperialist competitive algorithm and jellyfish swarm optimization. The suggested controller and design technique have been evaluated and validated und...

In this article, a fractional-order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) controller and its modified structure, called a MFOPID controller, are presented. To guarantee optimal system performance, the gains of the proposed FOPID and MFOPID controllers are well-tuned, employing the Jellyfish Search Optimizer (JSO), a novel and highly effective bioinspired metaheuristic approach. The proposed controllers are assessed in a hybrid system with two domains, where each domain contains a hybrid of conventional (gas, reheat, and hydro) and renewable generation sources (solar and wind). For a more realistic analysis, the presented system model includes practical limitations with nonlinear characteristics, such as governor dead zone/band (GDZ/GDB), boiler dynamics, generation rate limitation/constraint (GRL/GRC), system uncertainties, communication time delay (CTD), and load changes. The suggested methodology outperforms some newly developed heuristic techniques, including fitness-depende...

The stability control of nominal frequency and terminal voltage in an interconnected power system (IPS) is always a challenging task for researchers. The load variation or any disturbance affects the active and reactive power demands, which badly influence the normal working of IPS. In order to maintain frequency and terminal voltage at rated values, controllers are installed at generating stations to keep these parameters within the prescribed limits by varying the active and reactive power demands. This is accomplished by load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) loops, which are coupled to each other. Due to the complexity of the combined AVR-LFC model, the simultaneous control of frequency and terminal voltage in an IPS requires an intelligent control strategy. The performance of IPS solely depends upon the working of the controllers. This work presents the exploration of control methodology based on a proportional integral–proportional derivative (PI-PD...

Frequency, voltage and power flow between different control zones in an interconnected power system and are used to determine the standard quality of power. Therefore, the voltage and frequency control in an IPS is of vital importance to maintaining real and reactive power balance under varying load conditions. In this paper, a dandelion optimizer (DO)-based proportional-integral-proportional-derivative (PI-PD) controller is investigated for a realistic multi-area, multi-source, realistic IPS with nonlinearities. The output responses of the DO-based PI-PD were compared with the hybrid approach using artificial electric field-based fuzzy PID algorithm (HAEFA), Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA)-based PI-PD, learning performance-based behavior optimization (LPBO)-based PI-PD and modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO)-based PI-PD control schemes in a two-area network with 10% step load perturbation (SLP). The proposed strategy was also investigated in a two- and three-area IP...

In this paper, a modified form of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller known as the Integral- Proportional Derivative (I-PD) controller is developed for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of the two-area multi-source Interconnected Power System (IPS). Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) algorithm is employed for the optimization of proposed controller with various performance criteria including Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral of Time multiplied Square Error (ITSE), and Integral Square Error (ISE). The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been assessed on a two-area network with individual source including gas, hydro and reheat thermal unit and then collectively with all three sources. Further, to validate the efficacy of the proposed FDO based PID and I-PD controllers, comprehensive comparative performance is carried and compared with other controllers including Differential Evolution based PID (DE-PI...

In this paper several control approaches for the design of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) with multi- source interconnected power system under deregulated environment were considered. An extensive literature review on AGC for multi-source interconnected power system associated with various control techniques problem design and implementation issues have been explored. Furthermore, argument on tasks and rewards connected with the revised control methods has been addressed. The literature survey reveals that distributed model predictive control (DMPC) suggested for AGC problem under deregulated environment have better dynamic response in the presence of various non linarites and external disturbances.

Abstract—In this paper, Integral Proportional (I-P) controller is employed for superheated steam temperature control system. The Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method is used for the tuning of I-P controller. The performance analysis of Z-N based I-P controller is assessed on superheated steam system of 500-MW boiler. The comparison of transient response parameters such as rise time, settling time, and overshoot is made with Z-N based Proportional Integral (PI) controller. It is observed from the results that Z-N based I-P controller completely eliminates the overshoot in the output response.

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) delivers a high quality electrical energy to energy consumers using efficient and intelligent control systems ensuring nominal operating frequency and organized tie-line power deviation. Subsequently, for the AGC analysis of a two-area interconnected hydro-gas-thermal-wind generating unit, a novel Fractional Order Integral-Tilt Derivative (FOI-TD) controller is proposed that is fine-tuned by a powerful meta-heuristic optimization technique referred as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO) algorithm. For more realistic analysis, various constraints, such as Boiler Dynamics (BD), Time Delay (TD), Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), and Governor Dead Zone (GDZ) having non-linear features are incorporated in the specified system model. Moreover, a comparative analysis of I-FDO algorithm is performed with state-of-the-art approaches, such as FDO, teaching learning based optimization, and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Further, the proposed...

This paper presents a Fractional Order Integral-Proportional Derivative (FOI-PD) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two-area Interconnected Power System (IPS) with six multiple generations units in a restructured environment. Further, the two-area IPS is composed of multiple non-linearities with Time Delay (TD), Boiler Dynamic (BD), Governor Dead Zone/ Band (GDZ/ GDB) and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The gains of the proposed controller are optimized by a most recent powerful meta-heuristic algorithm known as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO). The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared with other techniques such as Firefly Algorithm (FA), Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithms. Further, to enhance the performance of the system, Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) is incorporated in each area and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in the tie-line of the power system. Results reveal that our proposed approach performs superior in terms of less Overshoot (Os), Settling time (Ts) and Undershoot (Us). Robustness of the proposed controller is verified by changing system parameters within a range of ± (25) %. INDEX TERMS Fractional order integral-proportional derivative (FOI-PD) controller, deregulated power system, improved-fitness dependent optimizer, automatic generation control, fractional order proportional integral derivative controller (FOPID), and load frequency control.

In this paper, a modified form of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller known as the Integral-Proportional Derivative (I-PD) controller is developed for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of the two-area multi-source Interconnected Power System (IPS). Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) algorithm is employed for the optimization of proposed controller with various performance criteria including Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral of Time multiplied Square Error (ITSE), and Integral Square Error (ISE). The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been assessed on a two-area network with individual source including gas, hydro and reheat thermal unit and then collectively with all three sources. Further, to validate the efficacy of the proposed FDO based PID and I-PD controllers, comprehensive comparative performance is carried and compared with other controllers including Differential Evolution based PID (DE-PID) controller and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) hybridized with Local Unimodal Sampling (LUS-PID) controller. The comparison of outcomes reveal that the proposed FDO based I-PD (FDO-I-PD) controller provides a significant improvement in respect of Overshoot (Osh), Settling time (Ts), and Undershoot (Ush). The robustness of an I-PD controller is also verified by varying parameter of the system and load variation.

—In this paper, Integral Proportional (I-P) controller is employed for superheated steam temperature control system. The Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method is used for the tuning of I-P controller. The performance analysis of Z-N based I-P controller is assessed on superheated steam system of 500-MW boiler. The comparison of transient response parameters such as rise time, settling time, and overshoot is made with Z-N based Proportional Integral (PI) controller. It is observed from the results that Z-N based I-P controller completely eliminates the overshoot in the output response.