Abdur Rehman Tariq

The teachers of higher secondary schools often complain that their students commit a lot of grammatical mistakes in their English examinations. They show the results as proof in which the students get minimum marks in the grammar portion of the paper. So purpose of research is to find out the reasons behind the inadequate grammar’s knowledge of the students. My targeted population was Govt. colleges of Sargodha district, Pakistan and the sample was taken from Govt. Ambala Muslim College Sargodha, Pakistan. Interviews from 5 teachers and 20 students were conducted to find out the solutions to the problems. Written and oral test from both teachers and students were conducted. The perceptions and point of views of the teachers as well as the students on this particular issue were evaluated. The teachers’ complaints were the shortage of time to complete the long syllabus and high expectations from the students about their pre-requisite English grammar knowledge after having passed their...

This research investigates the influence of Nuclear and Joint Family System on the academic achievements of the students of intermediate level. The aim of this research is to explore that if nuclear family setup exerts more positive influence on the academic achievements of intermediate students or not. The sample for this investigation would consist of intermediate students of 1 st year and 2 nd year from Sargodha and Mianwali. Both male and female students living in joint and nuclear family systems, from age group of 16-18 years would be included in this study. The qualitative survey research design would be adopted in this research and the data about the participants would be gathered by using a self-administered questionnaire. It is hoped that findings of this study would support the hypothesis that influence of nuclear family in making a student academically successful is greater than joint family system. The results would be drawn after analyzing questionnaire responses of the...

The issue of representation of women in the literature and other domains of society emerged as an important field of study from mid nineteenth century with a focus on the subjugation of women in the male patriarchal society. Although, the status and rights of women have been widely discussed and women as an individual identity with their own rights and role in society remained the subject of various research. The analysis of women needs, is much needed to highlight the humanistic psychological perspective. The aim of this study is to identify the portrayal of women protagonists in the 19th and 20th century literature based on their needs analysis to highlight the difference in how this portrayal changed over the period of time. It is done by using Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs model. Two short stories, one from the 19th and the other from the 20th century have been analyzed. The study concludes that the representation of women in literature had undergone major changes in correlation to the emergence of feminist theory and the change in socio-political scenarios. The results show that the woman protagonist in the late nineteenth century short story was portrayed as submissive, dependent upon the opinions of male characters, therefore, suffering at the hands of patriarchy. Whereas the woman entering 20th century is more independent, ambitious, aware of her potentials and is eager
to achieve the highest state of freedom and autonomy, even compromising marital relations.

Teaching English writing skills involves developing linguistic and communicative competence of the learner which is quite a challenging task. Many factors hinder the process of teaching and learning these skills. Most of the students of public sector institutes do not perform well in English writing tasks and ultimately face average or poor results in academics. The purpose of this study is to highlight the problems which hinder the teachers in developing English writing skills. Government sector institutes of district Sargodha are the focus of this study. These institutes contain students from both rural and urban areas. The Population of this study comprises 9 English language teachers. The data has been collected through the tool of structured interviews. The collected data has been analyzed descriptively. This study is not only to point out the problematic factors but also suggest some remedial measures to improve the situation. The research findings and suggestions would facili...

L1 (Punjabi) is used as a mode of communication in most of the rural areas schools in Punjab. The students face a lot of problems in speaking English as L2. This study would investigate the problems (fears/hindrances) in using L2 as a speaking tool. The questionnaire as a tool for data collection has been used. The data has been analysed statistically and graphically. The population consists of the students of SSC and HSSC level from age group of 12 to 18 years. Sample of 30 male and female students belonging to rural areas of Sargodha has been selected randomly. This paper may also help the researchers who intend to investigate the same issue.

This quantitative study attempts to examine the English prepositional errors exhibited in the written specimen of secondary school students of Pakistan while learning English as their second language. Error analysis is used in this study, as a method of diagnosing errors in the written compositions. Cordor (1973) classified errors into four categories: omission, addition, substitution and disordering. Moreover, errors may be interlingual i.e. L1 or mother tongue influence as suggested by James (1998). Along with this, moderate version of Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH) is used as a method for describing prepositional systems of Urdu and English languages as Bloomfield (1933) , Fries (1945) and Lado (1957) claimed that by comparing the systems of the native language and language to be learned, predictions could be made about possible difficulties in learning. The study sample was composed of 100 written compositions collected from randomly selected different private and Governm...