Amrendra Chaudhary

The present investigation focuses to determine the antimicrobial potential of an Ayurvedic formulation Kutajghan vati. In this study the activity of this formulation was compared with the standard antibiotics like Amikacin and Norfloxacin. Ethanol, methanol and acetone extract of Kutajghan vati demonstrated good antimicrobial activity and thus can form the basis for the development of a novel antibacterial formulation.

Objective: To evaluate the antiulcer activity of chloroform extract of Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii wood (Cd C and Pr C, respectively). Methods: Cd C and Pr C at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg were given orally to fasted rats and ulcers were induced by pyloric ligation and ethanol. Number of ulcer, ulcer score, ulcer index, percentage ulcer inhibition and tissue histology were measured in both the models. The effect on volume of gastric secretion, pH, total acidity and free acidity were evaluated in the pyloric ligation model. Results: Cd C (50, 100 mg/kg) and Pr C (50, 100 mg/kg) extracts were able to protect gastric mucosa against pyloric ligation and ethanol. In case of pyloric ligation model respective inhibition produced were 24.18, 60.44, 10.98 and 25.27%, and in case of ethanol model inhibition were 30.00, 56.36, 20.91 and 29.09%. Like famotidine, Cd C 100 significantly decreased the gastric content (2.40 ± 0.313 to 2.09 ± 0.095 ml), total acidity (473.85 ± 25.774 to 246.04...

Background: Tuberculosis is a catastrophe sprawled across the world. The World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report 2017 inferred that there were an estimated 10.4 million people suffered from tuberculosis including 490000 Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases. Several new lead molecules like dinitrobenzamide derivatives were found to be highly active against multidrugresistant strains of M. tuberculosis. To further explore the pharmacophoric space around the dinitobenzamide moiety, a series of compounds have been synthesized by linking it with the thiazolidin- 4-one. The presented work is an effort to study the biological effect of thiazolidin-4-one scaffold on dinitrobenzamide derivatives as antitubercular agents. A molecular modeling study was also performed on the synthesized molecules to reveal the requirements for further lead optimization. Methods: The thiazolidin-4-one linked 3,5-dinitrobenzamide derivatives have been synthesized by onepot three-component condensat...

ABSTRACT The plant C. officinalis belonging to family Asteracea/Compositae, is native to Central Europe and the Mediterranean, it grows readily in sunny locations throughout North America and Europe. There are about 20 species in this genus cultivated by Egypteans, Greeks, Hindus, and Arabs. Calendula grew in European gardens and has been used medicinally since 12th century. Mainly, the flowers were made into extracts, tinctures, balms, salves and applied directly to skin to help heal wounds and to soothe inflamed and damaged skin. In Italian folk medicine Calendula is used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. The reported pharmacological actions of the plant are, angiogenic property having vascular regeneration parameter affirming the said activity, analgesic properties were confirmed in the flower extract of the plant, it was found triterpenoids were mainly responsible to promote anti-inflammatory activity in the plant, due to presence of faradio esters the plant projects anti-oedematous activity, the additional pharmacological activities explored till date are antimicrobial and antibacterial activity, effective treatment in case of breast cancer, antihepatotoxicity activity, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity, Hepatoprotective and renoprotective activity, antiviral activity, anti-HIV activity, effective in dealing with periodontal infections, ameliorating incidence of myocardial infarction, antioxidant and anti-immunomodulatory activity, effective treatment for acne, prominent anti-gastric ulcer and wound healing property, effective in dealing with bacterial infections in vets. Further studies of having sun protection factor in Calendula officinalis have also been investigated with positive results. The present review is an anthology of the work done on this potential herbal plant, having prospects of wide areas of therapeutic activity, in a way as an important medicinal source.

The plant C. officinalis belonging to family Asteracea/Compositae, is native to Central Europe and the Mediterranean, it grows readily in sunny locations throughout North America and Europe. There are about 20 species in this genus cultivated by Egypteans, Greeks, Hindus, and Arabs. Calendula grew in European gardens and has been used medicinally since 12th century. Mainly, the flowers were made into extracts, tinctures, balms, salves and applied directly to skin to help heal wounds and to soothe inflamed and damaged skin. In Italian folk medicine Calendula is used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. The reported pharmacological actions of the plant are, angiogenic property having vascular regeneration parameter affirming the said activity, analgesic properties were confirmed in the flower extract of the plant, it was found triterpenoids were mainly responsible to promote anti-inflammatory activity in the plant, due to presence of faradio esters the plant projects anti-oedemato...

Several applications of chalcones and their derivatives encouraged researchers to increase their synthesis as an alternative for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial and fungal infections. In the present study, chalcone derivatives were synthesized through cross aldol condensation reaction between 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde and multiarm aromatic ketones. The multiarm aromatic ketones were synthesized through nucleophilic substitution reaction between 4-hydroxy acetophenone and benzyl bromides. The benzyl bromides, multiarm aromatic ketones, and corresponding chalcone derivatives were evaluated for their activities against eleven clinical pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and three pathogenic fungi by the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the microbroth dilution technique. The results of the present study demonstrated that benzyl bromide derivatives have strong antibacterial and antifungal properties as compared to synthetic chalcone derivatives and ketones. Benzyl bromides (1a and 1c) showed high ester activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi but moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, these compounds may be considered as good antibacterial and antifungal drug discovery. However, substituted ketones (2a-b) as well as chalcone derivatives (3a-c) showed no activity against all the tested strains except for ketone (2c), which showed moderate activity against Candida albicans.

The objective of this investigation was to develop the hollow microspheres as a new dosage form of floating drug delivery system with prolonged stomach retention time. Hollow microspheres containing ranitidine hydrochloride were prepared by solvent evaporation method using Eudragit RLPO dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol. The maximum yield and drug loading amount of hollow microspheres were 88.45% and 80 +/- 4.0%, respectively. The in vitro release profiles showed that the drug release rate decreased with increasing viscosity of Eudragit RLPO, while diameter of hollow microspheres increased with the increase of drug polymer weight ratio. Hollow microspheres could prolong drug release time (approximately 24 h) and float over stimulate gastric fluid for more than 12 h. These results demonstrated that ranitidine HCl hollow microspheres were capable of sustained delivery of the drug for longer period with increased bioavailability.

The present investigation focuses to determine the antimicrobial potential of an Ayurvedic formulation Kutajghan vati. In this study the activity of this formulation was compared with the standard antibiotics like Amikacin and Norfloxacin. Ethanol, methanol and acetone extract of Kutajghan vati demonstrated good antimicrobial activity and thus can form the basis for the development of a novel antibacterial formulation.

Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii, plants mentioned in Indian literature, have been described to possess central nervous system effects and are used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat disorders of the mind. To investigate the memory-enhancing activity of volatile oil and chloroform extracts of C. deodara and P. roxburghii in the Morris water maze paradigm as well as evaluating their antioxidant properties. Aged albino mice were used to study the effect of oil and chloroform extracts on learning and memory by using the Morris water maze paradigm. The chloroform extract of C. deodara produced a significant decrease in escape latency over 7 days of training in both reference and working memory training in comparison to the control group. In the probe trial on day 8, mice in the chloroform extract of C. deodara group crossed the target area more often and spent more time in the target quadrant. Amongst the oils and extracts tested for oxidative stress parameters, only the chloroform extract of C. deodara at doses of 100 mg/kg produced a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) with a simultaneous significant increase in the level of glutathione (GSH) in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus. The present findings indicate that the chloroform extract of C. deodara has the best memory-enhancing effect due to its strong antioxidant properties from compounds like terpenoids and flavonoids. The study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of C. deodara in the management of memory dysfunction and related disorders.

This study was designed to isolate, characterise and explore in vitro antioxidant potential of compounds from the chloroform extract of Cedrus deodara wood belonging to Pinacae family. We have investigated the in vitro free radical scavenging activity of isolated compounds by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reducing power ability. From the chloroform extract five sesquiterpenes namely atlantone, himaphenolone, atlantolone, deodardione and atlantone-2,3-diol were identified. Himaphenolone and deodardione from the chloroform extract of this plant have been isolated for the first time. A marked dose-dependent reducing power and strong TAC were found in favour of himaphenolone and atlantone-2,3-diol, respectively. Moreover, deodardione and atlantolone also exhibit good antioxidant potentials. However, atlantone has showed least antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the chloroform extract of C. deodara exhibited significant antioxidant potential mainly due to the presence of sesquiterpenes which may be responsible for various pharmacological activities of this plant.

ABSTRACT Objective: Mallotus philippinensis Muell-Arg has been commonly used in Indian medicine for curing intestinal worm infections. In this study the anticestodal efficacy of Mallotus philippinensis fruit extract has been evaluated in rat cestodal (Hymenolepis diminuta) intestinal infection model. Materials and Methods: The anticestodal efficacy of fruit extract was determined in the different groups of rats harbouring adult Hymenolepis diminuta infections by monitoring the eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces. Results: Mallotus philippinensis fruit extract at 800 mg/kg twice daily for 3 days was observed to have curative efficacy against mature adult worms. The total follow up period of 90 days did not show any further excretion of eggs in the faeces of treated rats. Praziquantel at the dosage of 5mg/kg also produced a similar effect. Discussion: The treatment of Hymenolepis diminuta adult stage of parasite with ethanolic fruit extract showed dose-dependent decline in EPG count. The anticestodal activity emerged from this study may be attributed due to the presence of phloroglucinol derivatives, chalcones derivatives and some glycosides. However, an active constituent needs to be characterized further. Conclusion: The study showed that the alcoholic extract of fruit parts of Mallotus philippinensis possesses significant anticestodal activity and supports its use in the folk medicine.

A simple, specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylephrine in tablet dosage forms. A reversed-phase C-18 column (250 mm × 8 mm id, particle size ...

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of Passiflora incarnata Linn. leaves which are widely used as traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus. The methanolic extracts of leaves of Passiflora incarnata were administered orally (100 and 200 mg/kg, for 15 days) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Hypoglycemic effects, oral glucose tolerance test, change in body weight and lipid profile of diabetic mice treated with methanolic extracts were assessed and compared with normal, diabetic control and standard drug treated mice. Histological examination during 15 days of treatment was also carried out. Methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Significant differences were also observed in urine glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profile and body weight of methanolic extract treated diabetic mice, when compared with diab...