Papers by Ashraf Hassan
Studies in Arabic linguistics, Jul 10, 2018
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Arabic in Contact, 2018
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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This paper will explain the strategies of loan verbs integration in Egyptian Arabic (EA). As a re... more This paper will explain the strategies of loan verbs integration in Egyptian Arabic (EA). As a recipient language, EA adopts two strategies: (a) insertion with ‘Light Verb Strategy’; and (b) Direct Insertion either with or without ‘Reduction to Root.’
While direct insertion strategy without ‘reduction to root’ is used almost
exclusively for imperative loan verbs, the same strategy with ‘reduction to root’ is open to any ‘input form’. To each loan verb EA assigns a root and the loan verb assumes one of the EA verbal forms.
An investigation of new loan verbs passed to EA through Social Media,
while they are being integrated, gives us further insight, and therefore a better understanding, into the integration process of loan verbs in general.
Keywords: Social Media, Egyptian Arabic, lexical borrowing, loan verbs,
integration
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Romano-Arabica Journal, Jun 2013
In this article, I intend to argue that in Cairene Arabic the /ɑ, ɑɑ/, i.e. the back allophones o... more In this article, I intend to argue that in Cairene Arabic the /ɑ, ɑɑ/, i.e. the back allophones of the low vowels /a, aa/ in Standard Arabic, should to be considered as full phonemes. In order to do that, I will give an account of the emphatic phonemes and vowels inventory in Classical, Modern and Cairene Arabic together with the emphasis spread in these varieties. Afterwards, I will illustrate some points in favor of the presumption that it is the quality of the low vowel s what determines the emphasis of what is conventionally called ‘secondary emphatics’ adjacent to it and not the contrary.
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Conference Presentations by Ashraf Hassan
In this paper, I intend to explain the modalities with which the loan verbs are integrated in Egy... more In this paper, I intend to explain the modalities with which the loan verbs are integrated in Egyptian Arabic
(EA). This paper finds basis in the theoretical background related to the borrowing of verbs, i.e MORAVCSIK
(1975), MUYSKEN (2008), HASPELMATH and TADMOR (2009) and, in particular, WOHLGEMUTH (2009). In fact,
WOHLGEMUTH (2009: 293) suggests that the borrowing of verbs follows one of four 'accommodation strategies':
Direct Insertion, Indirect Insertion, Light Verb Strategy, and Paradigm Insertion.
EA, as a recipient language, adopts only two of them: (a) the direct insertion (either with ‘reduction to root’ or
not; and (b) the insertion with ‘light verb strategy’.
While direct insertion strategy without ‘reduction to root’ is exclusive for imperative loan verbs (in particular
those related to nautical lexemes), the same strategy with ‘reduction to root’ is open for any ‘input form’. To
each loan verb EA assigns a root (mainly triliteral or quadriliteral) and the loan verb assume one of the EA verb
patterns. The paper suggests some criteria for the pattern choice. Besides, other loan verbs are integrated with
‘light verb strategy’, i.e. with use of EA verbs such ‘amal or ḍarab (to do; to make). Moreover, historical
evidences show that many loan verbs are mere denominative, either because the 'input form' in the donor
language is not a verb nor a verb-like, or because the verb developed within the EA from a very old noun
borrowing.
On the other hand, a look on new loan verbs passed to EA through the Social Media (as they are being
integrated) gives us some insights on the process of the integration of loan verbs in general. The paper will
explore this field to better understanding the process of loan verbs integration.
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This paper intends to investigate the philological approach to the term “Sex” (ǧins) and other re... more This paper intends to investigate the philological approach to the term “Sex” (ǧins) and other relating terms in Arabic: ḏakar, unṯā, ḫunṯā and ḫaṣiy (male, female, hermaphrodite and eunuch respectively).
First, I will explain the etymology of the word ǧins, entered in Arabic from the Greek γένος in the 7th century, in its taxonomic use. The earliest vocabularies and the uses in literature tend to give the word the sense of “kind, type, class, species”. It was actually confusing – and sometimes even synonymous – with the genuine Arabic lexeme naw‘, which bears the same meanings.
Then, thanks to Arabic philologists and linguists, the term ǧins assumed more meanings by calque from Greek, such as “origin, set, group and gender (in grammar)”. The latter will develop later into “gender” in the meaning of “biological sex”, and recently into “sex” in general.
Afterwards, I will deal with the sexual categories: ḏakar (male, but also penis) and unṯā (female, but also testicle) as two poles of sexual dichotomy. In between these two poles, existed two intermediate categories, which display some ambiguity, i.e. ḫaṣiy (eunuch), a male person lacking one or more sexual organ (i.e. his ḏakar and/or unṯās); and ḫunṯā (hermaphrodite), a person who has the sexual organs of a ḏakar and an unṯā.
On the one side, we have the ḏakar “male”, perfectly represented by the erected ḏakar “penis”: hard, strong, powerful, sharp, penetrating. On the other side, we have the counterpart, unṯā “female”: soft, weak, powerless, keen, penetrable. Thus, for instance, a sharp edge sword is sayf ḏakar and a blunt one is sayf anīṯ. That explains the use of the word unṯā for “testicle”, i.e. the soft part of the male sexual organs.
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Edited books by Ashraf Hassan
Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia , 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
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The present volume provides an overview of current trends in the study of language contact involv... more The present volume provides an overview of current trends in the study of language contact involving Arabic. By drawing on the social factors that have converged to create different contact situations, it explores both contact-induced change in Arabic and language change through contact with Arabic. The volume brings together leading scholars who address a variety of topics related to contact-induced change, the emergence of contact languages, codeswitching, as well as language ideologies in contact situations. It offers insights from different theoretical approaches in connection with research fields such as descriptive and historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, and language acquisition. It provides the general linguistic public with an updated, cutting edge overview and appreciation of themes and problems in Arabic linguistics and sociolinguists alike.
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Papers by Ashraf Hassan
While direct insertion strategy without ‘reduction to root’ is used almost
exclusively for imperative loan verbs, the same strategy with ‘reduction to root’ is open to any ‘input form’. To each loan verb EA assigns a root and the loan verb assumes one of the EA verbal forms.
An investigation of new loan verbs passed to EA through Social Media,
while they are being integrated, gives us further insight, and therefore a better understanding, into the integration process of loan verbs in general.
Keywords: Social Media, Egyptian Arabic, lexical borrowing, loan verbs,
integration
Conference Presentations by Ashraf Hassan
(EA). This paper finds basis in the theoretical background related to the borrowing of verbs, i.e MORAVCSIK
(1975), MUYSKEN (2008), HASPELMATH and TADMOR (2009) and, in particular, WOHLGEMUTH (2009). In fact,
WOHLGEMUTH (2009: 293) suggests that the borrowing of verbs follows one of four 'accommodation strategies':
Direct Insertion, Indirect Insertion, Light Verb Strategy, and Paradigm Insertion.
EA, as a recipient language, adopts only two of them: (a) the direct insertion (either with ‘reduction to root’ or
not; and (b) the insertion with ‘light verb strategy’.
While direct insertion strategy without ‘reduction to root’ is exclusive for imperative loan verbs (in particular
those related to nautical lexemes), the same strategy with ‘reduction to root’ is open for any ‘input form’. To
each loan verb EA assigns a root (mainly triliteral or quadriliteral) and the loan verb assume one of the EA verb
patterns. The paper suggests some criteria for the pattern choice. Besides, other loan verbs are integrated with
‘light verb strategy’, i.e. with use of EA verbs such ‘amal or ḍarab (to do; to make). Moreover, historical
evidences show that many loan verbs are mere denominative, either because the 'input form' in the donor
language is not a verb nor a verb-like, or because the verb developed within the EA from a very old noun
borrowing.
On the other hand, a look on new loan verbs passed to EA through the Social Media (as they are being
integrated) gives us some insights on the process of the integration of loan verbs in general. The paper will
explore this field to better understanding the process of loan verbs integration.
First, I will explain the etymology of the word ǧins, entered in Arabic from the Greek γένος in the 7th century, in its taxonomic use. The earliest vocabularies and the uses in literature tend to give the word the sense of “kind, type, class, species”. It was actually confusing – and sometimes even synonymous – with the genuine Arabic lexeme naw‘, which bears the same meanings.
Then, thanks to Arabic philologists and linguists, the term ǧins assumed more meanings by calque from Greek, such as “origin, set, group and gender (in grammar)”. The latter will develop later into “gender” in the meaning of “biological sex”, and recently into “sex” in general.
Afterwards, I will deal with the sexual categories: ḏakar (male, but also penis) and unṯā (female, but also testicle) as two poles of sexual dichotomy. In between these two poles, existed two intermediate categories, which display some ambiguity, i.e. ḫaṣiy (eunuch), a male person lacking one or more sexual organ (i.e. his ḏakar and/or unṯās); and ḫunṯā (hermaphrodite), a person who has the sexual organs of a ḏakar and an unṯā.
On the one side, we have the ḏakar “male”, perfectly represented by the erected ḏakar “penis”: hard, strong, powerful, sharp, penetrating. On the other side, we have the counterpart, unṯā “female”: soft, weak, powerless, keen, penetrable. Thus, for instance, a sharp edge sword is sayf ḏakar and a blunt one is sayf anīṯ. That explains the use of the word unṯā for “testicle”, i.e. the soft part of the male sexual organs.
Edited books by Ashraf Hassan
While direct insertion strategy without ‘reduction to root’ is used almost
exclusively for imperative loan verbs, the same strategy with ‘reduction to root’ is open to any ‘input form’. To each loan verb EA assigns a root and the loan verb assumes one of the EA verbal forms.
An investigation of new loan verbs passed to EA through Social Media,
while they are being integrated, gives us further insight, and therefore a better understanding, into the integration process of loan verbs in general.
Keywords: Social Media, Egyptian Arabic, lexical borrowing, loan verbs,
integration
(EA). This paper finds basis in the theoretical background related to the borrowing of verbs, i.e MORAVCSIK
(1975), MUYSKEN (2008), HASPELMATH and TADMOR (2009) and, in particular, WOHLGEMUTH (2009). In fact,
WOHLGEMUTH (2009: 293) suggests that the borrowing of verbs follows one of four 'accommodation strategies':
Direct Insertion, Indirect Insertion, Light Verb Strategy, and Paradigm Insertion.
EA, as a recipient language, adopts only two of them: (a) the direct insertion (either with ‘reduction to root’ or
not; and (b) the insertion with ‘light verb strategy’.
While direct insertion strategy without ‘reduction to root’ is exclusive for imperative loan verbs (in particular
those related to nautical lexemes), the same strategy with ‘reduction to root’ is open for any ‘input form’. To
each loan verb EA assigns a root (mainly triliteral or quadriliteral) and the loan verb assume one of the EA verb
patterns. The paper suggests some criteria for the pattern choice. Besides, other loan verbs are integrated with
‘light verb strategy’, i.e. with use of EA verbs such ‘amal or ḍarab (to do; to make). Moreover, historical
evidences show that many loan verbs are mere denominative, either because the 'input form' in the donor
language is not a verb nor a verb-like, or because the verb developed within the EA from a very old noun
borrowing.
On the other hand, a look on new loan verbs passed to EA through the Social Media (as they are being
integrated) gives us some insights on the process of the integration of loan verbs in general. The paper will
explore this field to better understanding the process of loan verbs integration.
First, I will explain the etymology of the word ǧins, entered in Arabic from the Greek γένος in the 7th century, in its taxonomic use. The earliest vocabularies and the uses in literature tend to give the word the sense of “kind, type, class, species”. It was actually confusing – and sometimes even synonymous – with the genuine Arabic lexeme naw‘, which bears the same meanings.
Then, thanks to Arabic philologists and linguists, the term ǧins assumed more meanings by calque from Greek, such as “origin, set, group and gender (in grammar)”. The latter will develop later into “gender” in the meaning of “biological sex”, and recently into “sex” in general.
Afterwards, I will deal with the sexual categories: ḏakar (male, but also penis) and unṯā (female, but also testicle) as two poles of sexual dichotomy. In between these two poles, existed two intermediate categories, which display some ambiguity, i.e. ḫaṣiy (eunuch), a male person lacking one or more sexual organ (i.e. his ḏakar and/or unṯās); and ḫunṯā (hermaphrodite), a person who has the sexual organs of a ḏakar and an unṯā.
On the one side, we have the ḏakar “male”, perfectly represented by the erected ḏakar “penis”: hard, strong, powerful, sharp, penetrating. On the other side, we have the counterpart, unṯā “female”: soft, weak, powerless, keen, penetrable. Thus, for instance, a sharp edge sword is sayf ḏakar and a blunt one is sayf anīṯ. That explains the use of the word unṯā for “testicle”, i.e. the soft part of the male sexual organs.