Belghis Rovshan

This article is studying Persian compound adjectives based on conceptual blending theory. The method of the research is descriptive-analytic and the data collection is corpus-based. The research data are 400 compound adjectives from language data base of Persian language (PDLB). The goal of the research is to determine the cognitive processes involving in forming Persian compound adjectives (metaphor, metonymy and metaphor-metonymy) and to determine the level of creativity of compounding processes according to Benczes classification and to determine the interaction between endocentric and exocentric compounds according to Benczes results (2006). The results show that in forming Persian compound adjectives, the frequency level of metaphor is the most. then Next frequency level belongs to metaphor-metonymy while the frequency of metonymy is indeed the least. According to Benczes (2006), with the stronger metaphoric relations, the creativity level and the abstractness of meaning indeed increase. The research results show that Persian speakers have more willing to use metaphoric meaning for producing and understanding compound adjectives. As with the level of creativity, the metaphor-metonymy process has the most frequency. Drawing from the fact that metaphor holds the most number of the frequency of the conceptual blending process, it can be concluded that Persian speakers have no problem with understanding metaphoric meanings and have more willing to understand metaphoric meanings. Creating meanings through metaphoric compounds simplifies perception of metaphoric concepts for us. This vast use of metaphor and metonymy shows the creativity and dynamism of language. The creativity level of metaphor-metonymy conceptual blending is more than others.

Background and Aim: Teachers are one of the professional voice users, so voice disorders have higher rate among them. The prevalence of voice disorders is high (47.5 %) in them .Detailed information about voice disorders may be one of the most important factors for preventing it. This research is performed to investigate the relationship between Fundamental frequency and its possible changes in female primary school teachers with voice disorder. Materials and Methods: In this field cross-sectional survey, 90 female teachers in primary schools with mean age of 42.2 years were compared with 90 non-teacher females with mean age of 42.6 years. Background information was collected via interview and laryngeal assessment by Stroboscopy. Vowel production test was performed and recorded by Sound recorder program was assessed by Dr. Speech device and Real Analysisprogram. Data were compared between groups. Results: Results showed there was significant difference in fundamental frequency betwe...

This study aims to develop a language-based skill test revolving around four main language skills, with principals and basics of language test development in mind intended to evaluate Persian language proficiency of non-Iranian students (In terms of language level). One of the main goals of this study is to develop a Persian language skill (proficiency) test. The purpose of language proficiency test is to measure one's overall ability to utilize the desired language without having to undergo specific training courses. So the content of a language proficiency test is not based on the content or purpose of the language courses. Also in this study, measures are foreseen to evaluate the validity and reliability of the designed test in order to obtain the Credibility of the standardized test.

The purpose of the study was to examine differences in reading performance when an Electronic format with a scrolling text mode on a LCD monitor and a traditional paper format were used to present reading. The method which is used is experimental method and the research population consists of students of Payame Noor Uni- versity in FirouzAbad. This study consists of 94 indi- viduals that have been chosen by Random Sampling method. They were randomized into two groups, where the first group read text in print, and the other group read the same texts as PDF on a computer screen. Main findings of analyzing by using T-test measurement showed that students who read texts in print scored significantly better on the reading comprehension test than students who read the texts digitally. In addition, in this study, no significant differences between matched computer and paper-based text in terms of the time taken to study, on the other hand Main findings of analyzing by using Enter regressio...

خواندن، مهارتی است که دانش­آموزان ایرانی آن­ را در دوره ابتدایی توسط کتاب­های فارسی از پایه اول تا ششم کسب می­نمایند. یکی از خصوصیاتی که باید در تدوین متون کتاب­های درسی توجه گردد، خوانایی است، زیرا خوانابودن متون به یادگیرنده کمک می­کند محتوای آموزشی را به درستی بخواند و بفهمد. اگرچه تحقیقات متفاوتی درباره خوانایی متون درسی صورت گرفته است، اما این در مقاله خوانایی همه متون در هر شش پایه تحصیلی دوره ابتدایی گزارش می‎شود. بررسی متن‏ها بر اساس سه شاخص فلش، فوگ و فرای دو نتیجه در برداشت: 1. اگرچه بر اساس شاخص فلش متن­ها آسان هستند، اما بر اساس شاخص‏های فوگ و فرای مناسب یک تا دو پایه تحصیلی بالاتر می­باشند و 2. معیار مشخصی برای ترتیب متون از آسان به دشوار دیده نشد، به گونه­ای که در بعضی از پایه­ها متن­های دشوارتر زودتر از متن­های آسان قرار گرفتند.

هديكچ نابز هاگديد زا يسراف نابز يتكرح لاعفا ييارذگ يسررب هب رضاح شهوژپ هـتخادرپ يتخانـش يسانش .تسا هداد ،روـظنم نـيا هـب چ ساـسا رـب شهوژـپ ياـه ـه ) يملاـت يرـظن بوچرا 2000 و هدـش لـيلحت ( هفلؤم هدش يسررب لاعفا نيا رد تكرح ياه .دنا يفيصوت قيقحت شور يليلحت .تسا شهوژپ ور شيـپ ، لماش 219 هداد هاگياپ زا ون يسراف يتكرح لعف ـمانزور نـيلانآ تياـس و يسراف نابز ياه ة يرهـشمه .تسا لعف نيا نايم زا ،اه 126 و رذگان دروم 63 هدوب ارذگ دروم .دنا رب ،شهوژپ يلصا فده يانبم نـيا يم حرطم لاؤس اديور رد هنيمز و ركيپ نايم يتوافت هچ هك دوش .دراد دوـجو رذـگان و ارذگ ياهد راـيعم يوگلا زا يوريپ ييارذگ نييعت » يمسا هورگ 1 ، ارذگ لعف ، يمسا هورگ 2 « .تـسا شهوژـپ يلـصا زـكرمت فلؤم ود رب ة تـكرح هارمه يلصا ، تخاـس رد هـنيمز و رـكيپ يـنعي .تـسا رذـگان و ارذـگ ياـه ناـبز رد لوعفم ،يسراف ًلاومعم قن ،لعف ييانعم تاصتخم رب انب ط ة هـب ار ريـسم اـي عاجرا يـم ريوـصت رد و دـشك هباج هك تسا يركيپ نامه لوعفم ،يببس ياهدروم يم ماجنا ار يياج .دهد رب نوزفا تخاس رد ،نيا ياـه ناـيامن ار دـيدج تـيعقوم هـب نديـسر اـي ناـكم رـييغت رذ...

This book is an informative source both for seasoned and novice researchers and provides them with practical and straightforward guides to organize, write, submit, and revise their scientific papers in all disciplines. The materials covered in this book conform to the very recent and up-to-date principles and are on the basis of practical experience of researchers who have published several papers and books in international journals and data-bases. The following invaluable and straightforward features have made study of the book vey necessary for researchers. Some of them include perspectives and information about the: • Scientific and precise use of language and grammar in scientific papers • Instructions and techniques required for writing standard scientific paper • Choosing appropriate journal for your paper • Choosing appropriate format for your cover letter to the editor and submission of your paper • The review process and ethics of publication • An appendix that provides suc...

Introduction: The aims and the importance of the study: Regarding the importance of the object marker “râ” as one of the components of Persian sentences and its little investigation in aphasic Persian speakers, we decided to study its usage in the speech of aphasic patients with agrammatic Broca’s aphasia to know whether aphasic Persian speakers use “râ” in comparison to normal Persian speakers. The agrammatic aphasics are known for not using function words (like the object marker “râ”). Materials and Methods: In this experimental-descriptive study, two groups were employed. In the first group, six Persian children with Broca’s aphasia participated as the experimental group. The general linguistic capabilities of these patients were evaluated with the Persian aphasic test by speech therapy specialists. In the second group, six Persian-speaking normal persons participated as the control group. Two similar tests were administered to the aphasic and control groups, inspired by Caplan e...

The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of conceptual metaphor in the polysemy of the visual verb of /baxmaq/ (look) in Azerbaijani Turkish within the framework of cognitive semantics. The research method is a descriptive—analytic and the study tries to present the various meanings of the verb. To achieve this goal, the linguistic data was gathered by using Azerbaijani Turkish dictionaries, books, magazines, newspapers, and one of the authors’ linguistic intuitions. The findings indicate that for visual verb /baxmaq/ there are 19 senses with regard to its classification and abstracting away of contextual variations. They also show that the polysemy is a systematic phenomenon and factor such as metaphor and metonymy are crucially involved in the formation and description of polysemy and this makes broad meaning and eventually leads to polysemy of verb. In this way, semantic extensive network of verb is formed and on the other hand, it is claimed that metaphor has stro...

Introduction: Autism as a developmental disorder of the brain is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and in some cases, cognitive delays. Despite prevalent speech problems in almost one fourth of autistic children, there are few reliable interventions to improve their speech output. This study investigated the effects of the Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) (Albert et al.’s model, 1973) on speech output in Persian-speaking autistic children. Although the positive effects of MIT on autistic children’s speech are vastly reported in other languages, no report on its effects based on the characteristics of Persian language has ever been published. Method: An easy version of MIT, adapted for Persian language was designed by researchers. Then, after a successful pilot study on a 10 year-old boy for one month, 13 subjects were selected for the main study. The subjects were all autistic, male, right-...

Introduction: Autism as a developmental disorder of the brain is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and in some cases, cognitive delays. Despite prevalent speech problems in almost one fourth of autistic children, there are few reliable interventions to improve their speech output. This study investigated the effects of the Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) (Albert et al.’s model, 1973) on speech output in Persian-speaking autistic children. Although the positive effects of MIT on autistic children’s speech are vastly reported in other languages, no report on its effects based on the characteristics of Persian language has ever been published. Method: An easy version of MIT, adapted for Persian language was designed by researchers. Then, after a successful pilot study on a 10 year-old boy for one month, 13 subjects were selected for the main study. The subjects were all autistic, male, right-...