Data on Diabetes were analyzed using partial likelihood (Pl) and penalized partial likelihood (Ppl) estimation methods in non-proportional hazards model with dichotomous time-varying covariates. Gamma and Inverse Gaussian frailty... more
Data on Diabetes were analyzed using partial likelihood (Pl) and penalized partial likelihood (Ppl) estimation methods in non-proportional hazards model with dichotomous time-varying covariates. Gamma and Inverse Gaussian frailty distributions were used to account for patientspecific unobserved heterogeneity. Four likelihood configurations were formed from the combinations of the two estimation methods and frailty distributions. These are Partial likelihood with Gamma frailty, Partial likelihood with Inverse Gaussian frailty, Penalized partial likelihood with Gamma frailty and Penalized partial likelihood with Gamma frailty. The results revealed that age and body mass index of the patients significantly increased the risk of death from diabetes, while regular exercise had significant decreased risk of death. Penalized partial likelihood estimation method generally outperformed models with Partial likelihood under all scenarios for the data and Gamma frailty provided a better fit in ...
Data on Diabetes were analyzed using partial likelihood (Pl) and penalized partial likelihood (Ppl) estimation methods in non-proportional hazards model with dichotomous time-varying covariates. Gamma and Inverse Gaussian frailty... more
Data on Diabetes were analyzed using partial likelihood (Pl) and penalized partial likelihood (Ppl) estimation methods in non-proportional hazards model with dichotomous time-varying covariates. Gamma and Inverse Gaussian frailty distributions were used to account for patient- specific unobserved heterogeneity. Four likelihood configurations were formed from the combinations of the two estimation methods and frailty distributions. These are Partial likelihood with Gamma frailty, Partial likelihood with Inverse Gaussian frailty, Penalized partial likelihood with Gamma frailty and Penalized partial likelihood with Gamma frailty. The results revealed that age and body mass index of the patients significantly increased the risk of death from diabetes, while regular exercise had significant decreased risk of death. Penalized partial likelihood estimation method generally outperformed models with Partial likelihood under all scenarios for the data and Gamma frailty provided a better fit ...
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Nigeria is one of the countries in Africa where female circumcision is widely practiced. Information about the prevalence and attitudes towards its practice and predictors associated with its support were collected from the 2005 National... more
Nigeria is one of the countries in Africa where female circumcision is widely practiced. Information about the prevalence and attitudes towards its practice and predictors associated with its support were collected from the 2005 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS) on females aged 15-49 and males aged 15-64 years. The prevalence of female circumcision is more in the southern part of Nigeria than the Northern part, with South West and South East recording the highest percentages. There is a marked decrease of the practice in the younger age cohorts compared to the older age cohorts. As the level of education increases, the likelihood of supporting the practice of female circumcision reduces and regular use of media of communication such as radio and television is an influential factor against the practice of female circumcision in Nigeria.
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Research Interests: Nigeria, Medicine, Humans, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, and 10 moreBlood Pressure, Diuretics, Methyldopa, Public health systems and services research, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Calcium Chloride, Nifedipine, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Calcium Channel Blockers, and Antihypertensive agents
To observe the extent to which blood pressure (BP) was reduced to below 140/90 mm Hg in Nigerians with diabetes (DM), data were collected using structured questionnaire, standard sphygmomanometer, and measurement of fasting blood glucose... more
To observe the extent to which blood pressure (BP) was reduced to below 140/90 mm Hg in Nigerians with diabetes (DM), data were collected using structured questionnaire, standard sphygmomanometer, and measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBG). Two hundred forty-four subjects (85 males) aged 17-84 years with a mean duration of DM of 7.9 years and who regularly attended the clinic for diabetes at least monthly for no less than 6 months were involved. Eleven percent, 13 of the 115 treated hypertensives, had BP controlled to levels below 140/90 mm Hg. Nifedipine was the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive (44.30%), followed by alpha-methyldopa (15.7%) and then the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) captopril and lisinopril (11.3%). Thiazides (9.7%) or thiazide-based fixed combination tablets were prescribed in about 25% of the patients. Eighteen percent were on more than one antihypertensive concurrently and dosages were often at threshold. The majority of the hyp...
Research Interests: Adolescent, Medicine, Humans, Hypertension, Insulin, and 15 moreDiabetes mellitus, Blood Pressure, Male, Body Mass Index, Aged, Methyldopa, Adult, Diabetes complications, Glycemic Control, Access to Care, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Fasting Blood Glucose, Calcium Channel Blockers, Antihypertensive agents, and Drug combinations
A study into the geographical variations of sexual initiation among Nigerian youth, age 15–24 years was carried out using a dataset from the 2005 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey in Nigeria. Spatial pattern at highly... more
A study into the geographical variations of sexual initiation among Nigerian youth, age 15–24 years was carried out using a dataset from the 2005 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey in Nigeria. Spatial pattern at highly disaggregated level of state/district of residence as well as non linear effects of observed metrical covariates were explored. Influence of cluster information was explored at two hierarchical levels (census blocks nested within ethnic groups) to assess impact of random effects (frailties). Effects of all categorical covariates were assumed to be linear and hence estimated in a usual parametric form. Inference was based on Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques. Appropriate priors were assigned to all effects. Model diagnostic was based on the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). Time to experience of first sexual intercourse was found to be associated with gender, current age, level of education and rural-urban location of respondents as well as with sexually transmitted infections. Findings also revealed substantial geographical variations on age at sexual initiation. Model that controlled for unobserved heterogeneity due to census blocks was observed to be more adequate than the ones that ignored it, while ethnic group did not seem to provide obvious frailty information in the data. However, model that included census blocks frailty nested within ethnic groups was most superior to all other models in terms of the DIC.
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Data from a Brazilian Inga/maize/bean alleycrop experiment are used to illustrate patterns of variation between and within crop rows and their possible effects in the determination of a sampling strategy. Three methods for the... more
Data from a Brazilian Inga/maize/bean alleycrop experiment are used to illustrate patterns of variation between and within crop rows and their possible effects in the determination of a sampling strategy. Three methods for the determination of sample sizes in agroforestry experiments are compared: the combined plant technique, the formula of Snedecor and Cochran and variance component estimation. Results show that
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ABSTRACTA study was made of the performance of different grades of Friesian × White Fulani crosses using 12 years' records from 1967 to 1978. Milk yield increased progressively with increases in the proportion of Friesian genes.... more
ABSTRACTA study was made of the performance of different grades of Friesian × White Fulani crosses using 12 years' records from 1967 to 1978. Milk yield increased progressively with increases in the proportion of Friesian genes. Lactation length also showed a similar trend, with a difference between 1/2 and 7/8 grades of 41 days. Calving intervals averaged approximately 390 days and did not differ among grades. Calf mortality was high, varying from 16 to 29%. The optimal genetic contribution from the Friesian for this environment is considered to be higher than 75 %
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Background:Repeated exposure to excessive noise will eventually lead to an irreversible increase in hearing thresholds. In theory, the damage reflects both the intensity of the noise and the duration of exposure. This is not linear with... more
Background:Repeated exposure to excessive noise will eventually lead to an irreversible increase in hearing thresholds. In theory, the damage reflects both the intensity of the noise and the duration of exposure. This is not linear with respect to duration of exposure; rather, the worker may experience a disproportionate loss in the early years of exposure.Methods:A prospective study surveying workers of the production section (i.e. most noise-exposed area) of a bottling factory was carried out in December 2003 and in December 2005. A self-administered questionnaire was used to extract information about worker's demographic characteristics, drug intake, and medical and occupational history, as well as information on the use of hearing protection devices. Noise mapping of the various departments of the factory was carried out. Otological examination, tympanometry and audiometry were also carried out on selected subjects.Results:Eighty-four workers, 76 (90.5 per cent) men and eigh...
Research Interests: Occupational Health, Glass, Noise Induced Hearing Loss, Nigeria, Medicine, and 15 moreTIME, Humans, Industry, Female, Male, The, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Occupational Exposure, Chi Square Distribution, Cambridge University, Time, Occupational Diseases, Threshold Limit Values, and Ear protective devices
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Individuals with type 2 diabetes are routinely advised to abstain from using dietary sugar for fear of aggravating existing diabetic control; yet the supporting evidence for this recommendation is unavailable, hence this study. The... more
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are routinely advised to abstain from using dietary sugar for fear of aggravating existing diabetic control; yet the supporting evidence for this recommendation is unavailable, hence this study. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of dietary sucrose can affect diabetic control. Adults with stable type 2 diabetes [monthly fasting blood sugar (FBS) of <or= 7.00 mmol] for three consecutive months were offered the use of sugar in their tea. Subjects were examined fortnightly in the first 8 weeks, then monthly. At each visit, FBS and other measurements were taken over a 28-week period. The study involved 11 subjects (five females) with a mean age of 61.2 +/- 10.0 years and a body mass index (BMI) of 27.99 +/- 5.54 kg/m2. Mean FBS values at each period of observations were similar to each other ( p = 0.5, df = 9) and differences between consecutive mean FBS values were also similar (p = 0.33). Specifically, FBS only varied between 5.27 +/- 1.13 and 4.84 +/- 0.88 mmol/l, while body weight remained unchanged. The average daily sucrose consumption was about 11 g with no observable (p > 0.05) correlation between sucrose intake and FBS. The results suggest that dietary sucrose intake of this amount had no adverse effect on glycaemic control and body weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes over the period of observation.
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Objective: The effects of low doses of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and amiloride in a fixed-combination formulation on blood pressure (BP), serum K+ and diabetic control were assessed in 11 adult Nigerians with hypertension and type 2... more
Objective: The effects of low doses of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and amiloride in a fixed-combination formulation on blood pressure (BP), serum K+ and diabetic control were assessed in 11 adult Nigerians with hypertension and type 2 diabetes for 12 weeks. Methods: The study included concurrent exposure to 75 mg of aspirin daily by mouth and dietary advice not to add table salt to regular meals, initiated 4 weeks prior to HCTZ therapy. Results: The addition of 12.5 mg of HCTZ resulted in a significantly lower BP, which was evident within 4 weeks. There was no significant variation in serum K+, Na+, creatinine or body weight or the need to alter the dose of hypoglycaemic agents. An initial rise in fasting blood sugar (FBS) after 4 weeks of HCTZ therapy was evident but subsequent rises were not significantly different to the initial rise in FBS observed at week 4. Conclusions: These observations are preliminary and would need longer-term follow-up and treatment of a larger number of p...
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Research Interests: Mathematics and Estimator
Consequent on our previous observations [F.E. Ologe, E.O. Okoro, Type 2 diabetes and hearing loss in black Africans, Diabetic Med. (in press).], we investigated whether abnormality in auditory function can precede overt diabetes in... more
Consequent on our previous observations [F.E. Ologe, E.O. Okoro, Type 2 diabetes and hearing loss in black Africans, Diabetic Med. (in press).], we investigated whether abnormality in auditory function can precede overt diabetes in individuals with a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Frequency specific pure tone audiograms (125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 8000 Hz) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2h post prandial blood glucose (2hrPBG) levels were measured in Nigerian children aged 9-19 years with at least a biologic parent with type 2 diabetes and compared with controls (contemporaries with non-diabetic parents). : Both groups were similar in gender mix, age, body sizes, FBS, 2PPhr BG, SBP; the values being (chi(2) = 0.04, d.f. = 1, p = 0.84); 14.32 +/- 2.29 years versus 14.77 +/- 3.10 years, 19.47 +/- 1.82 kg/m(2) versus 18.66 +/- 3.12 kg/m(2); 4.26 +/- 0.68 mmol versus 4.04 +/- 0.61 mmol; 5.07 +/- 0.95 mmol versus 5.16 +/- 1.04 mmol; 103.73 +/- 9.62 mmHg versus...
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To derive a formula that defines the postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume more accurately in patients with prostatic gland enlargement. Prospective. Department of Radiology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Fifty-two... more
To derive a formula that defines the postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume more accurately in patients with prostatic gland enlargement. Prospective. Department of Radiology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Fifty-two consecutive patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The mean age was 64.98+/-9.57 years. PVR urine was evaluated by ultrasonography. Each patient had two examinations, the first of which was with a full bladder and the second of which was immediately after voiding. Two orthogonal diameters were measured on each bladder section (longitudinal and transverse) in the supine position. Fifty-two paired sets of ultrasonic measurements were thus obtained. Catheterized postvoid urine residue was regarded as the gold standard. Using these measurements, an equation--[PVR(CUBIC)=374.057+(-196.94+V1)+(32.5539+V1(2))+(-1.1480+V1(3)) where V1=average of the length (L), width (T), and the anteroposterior distance on transverse section (Dt) of the postvoid urinary bla...
Research Interests: Humans, Male, The, Urine, Aged, and 4 moreMiddle Aged, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Urinary Bladder, and urination
Advances in medicine resulting in better understanding of sickle cell disease and general improvement of the well-being of the sufferers even in the developing countries have positively affected the dreadful outlook of this disease with... more
Advances in medicine resulting in better understanding of sickle cell disease and general improvement of the well-being of the sufferers even in the developing countries have positively affected the dreadful outlook of this disease with resultant increase in the population of sickle cell disease patients reaching adulthood, and less severe complications. We therefore set out to evaluate the presence and severity of sensorineural hearing loss in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients in the light of the overall improvement in the morbidity and mortality. A prospective case control study of SCA patients attending our adult SCA clinic and control subjects from homozygous hemoglobin AA patients attending the staff clinic of the hospital for routine medical tests. Tympanometry and diagnostic audiometry were performed on each patient. Forty-six SCA patients (21 males, 45.7%) aged 16-48 years with a mean age of 22.9 years +/- 6.45 and 42 controls (24 males, 57.1%) aged 15-39 years with a mean a...