FAST

Department of Primary School Teacher Education, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia 

rhnsyamsuddin@gmail.com
Abstract. This study aims to determine the influence of reading comprehension skills of English for PGSD students through the application of SQ3R learning method. The type of this research is Pre-Experimental research because it is not yet a real experiment, there are external variables that influence the formation of a dependent variable, this is because there is no control variable and the sample is not chosen randomly. The research design is used is onegroup pretest-post-test design involving one group that is an experimental group. In this design, the observation is done twice before and after the experiment. Observations made before the experiment (O1) are called pretests and the post-experimental observation (O2) is called posttest. The difference between O1 and O2 ie O2 - O1 is the effect of the treatment. The results showed that there was an improvement in reading comprehension skills of PGSD students in Class M.4.3 using SQ3R method, and better SQ3R enabling SQ3R to improve English comprehension skills.  Keywords: reading comprehension skills, application of SQ3R method

Industry 4.0 denotes the fourth industrial revolution introduced in 2011 at the Hanover Fair, which already started to change the manufacturing industry. In the paper an original concept of the calibration process of Industry 4.0 measurement equipment by a touchless calibration system (TCal) is presented. The described approach can be realised by providing synchronized communication in real time between the calibration laboratories and clients' laboratories for calibrating instruments which are remotely located from the reference standard used in the calibration process. The objective is to gather information parameters from the calibration reference standard and send them by digital network to the unit under test (UUT-the calibrated item). The overall calibration procedure has to be totally synchronized (data, sensors and environment), so the calibration process would keep the requested accuracy as done " a single room " , i.e. in the calibration laboratory or on-site...

The  aim  of  the  research  is  to  determine  the  impact  of  Project-based  Learning
towards students’ communication skills. This research is an experimental study that using Pre-Experimental  Design  with  One-Shot  Case  Study.  The  subject  of  the  research  are  students  of Science  Education  Program,  Universitas  Negeri  Makassar)  who  were  attending  Motion  and Change course. The research instrument was a non-test instrument that can be divided into two types:  rubric  and  questionnaire.  Data  analysis  was  using  descriptive  and  inferential  statistic. The  result  of  descriptive  statistic  exhibits  that  there  is  an  enhancement  of  students’ communication abilities after implementation of Project-based Learning. Eleven out of twenty-nine  students  are  above  level  1  category.  The  inferential  statistic  reveals  that  Project  Based Learning has an effect toward students’ communication skills.

The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological demands and distance covered during national competitive 2016. Method used 9 female players including 2 backs, 3 halves, 4 forwards. Data was collected by measuring heart rate, blood lactate, distance covered and time spent walking/running. Data was analysed using mean, standard deviation, and range. Results found that the mean heart rate and blood lactate concentration during warm up were 96,412,7 bpm and 1,70,8 mmolL-1 ; at the end of the first half of the match was 171,26,3 bpm and 5,23,1 mmolL-1 ; prior to start at the second half was 130,83,8 bpm and 3,73,6 mmolL-1 ; and the end of the second half was 157,412,7 bpm and 5,80,2 mmolL-1. A mean of total distance covered during the complete field hockey game was 4372,5263,9 m. Mean value of time spent walking and running were 41,42 minutes and 28,18 minutes, respectively. Conclusion of this study was female field hockey players have lower heart rate, blood lactate concentration, distance covered and time spent walking/running than other players in the literature reviews. Implication of this study can be used to evaluate the training program in order to improve performance enhancement of the players.

Recently, hyperketonemia induced by fasting or ketogenic diet calls attention because of the possibilities for various clinical applications. Animal species comparisons and biochemical data show that all fetuses can develop by using ketogenic energy through a pathway which seems to have been maintained. We hypothesized that 3-β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) could be the fuel for the basic engine that produces energy in all terrestrial species. However, ATP production from glucose-pyruvic acid pathway seems to be added as a dominant system in human. We hypothesize the establishment of TCA cycle in mitochondria and enough oxygen supply since two billion years ago would be the key events to promote this change. The efficacy of ATP production from β-oxidation product is 10 ATP molecules, while it is 12.5 molecules from pyruvic acid. So, evolution should select glucose burning system as a booster engine for energy production. The liver and kidney are major ketone producing organs which contain abundant glycogen particles. So, a close relationship between ketone and glucose burning system may be present. This explains why certain level of glucose is steadily maintained even in the hyperketogenic state. Ketogenic diets efficiently treat with gestational diabetes. Placenta is the ketogenic tissue which reflects high concentration of ketones in umbilical cord blood. In addition to the role of energy source, β-HB shows various pharmacological effects on disease prevention, such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, etc. Inhibition of histone deacetylase, stimulation of FOXO, resistance to oxidative stress, protection of mitochondria, stimulation of adiponectin release, suppression of inflammasome, etc. are included. The contribution of intestinal microbiota to ketone body production should open a new field of medicine. Altogether, the above data suggest that longer-term human studies are necessary to exclude risks of unbalanced diet and to confirm the best combination of fuels for
energy production, disease prevention and medical treatment.

Aesthetic benefits are not enough. Authorities need to be presented with economic benefits as well to make decisions in favour of forests and help them conserved or expanded. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the economic value of carbon sequestration in Taman Negara Pahang (TNP), Malaysia, a national park with an extensive forest area. The study area covers 247,700 hectares of the Pahang State. The study uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) method of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to identify the density of the forest across the study area. Consequently, by using the NDVI results, the carbon sequestration in TNP and its economic value were calculated. As a result, the research found that the potential of carbon storage or sequestration in TNP was 142,560,513 tonnes CO2. The economic value of which was worth RM2,637,369,490.50. The results of the GIS calculation were more accurate than the conventional method. It was due to the reason that they were based on evaluating density on a smaller scale of 900m x 900m (81ha). The results were aligned with previous studies pointing out higher density areas holding higher economic values. The study results can be used to convince Malaysian authorities to make wise decisions about such forests as they worth billions of Ringgit Malaysia.

This article analysed the importance of task design as one of the instruments in the learning and its application in several studies. Through task design, students engage in learning caused them enthusiastically in expressing ideas, opinion or knowledge of them. Thus, the teacher was able to gain an idea of knowledge belonging to students. By using this information, teachers are able to develop the thinking ability of students.

Global climate is changing, the green dimension of sustainable development has becoming an imperious agenda for all countries to pursue. Indonesia as part of Asia (which is the most populous Muslim majority country in the world) faces serious environmental problem, and uses the green city concept in most of its Islamic cities. Martapura, as one of the capital city in Indonesia is famous as an Islamic city with great vision and mission for green city. This study analyses the context of urban planning and design approach in Islamic Green city to help improving the quality of environment towards sustainable city. This is a descriptive-analysis study, and data collection conducted by documents and field survey. It concludes lessons learned from the practice of planning and design in Martapura and presents recommendations in planning and design approach for urban planner and designer to make a city more sustainable from an Islamic green city context.

Unlike the other three fasts that commemorate the destruction of the First Temple, the Fast of Gedaliah is unique in commemorating the end of Jewish administrative autonomy in the Land of Israel. The complexity of the political and economic reality in restoration Israel and the uncertainties experienced by the people are reflected in the question posed by the people regarding the continued observance of the fasts, as related in Zechariah 7. The unique significance of the Fast of Gedaliah emerges from Zechariah’s response to the returnees in chapters 7-8. Whereas the questioners viewed the annulment of the fasts as an indication that God now resides in the new Temple, Zechariah’s response does not provide a definitive answer to their query. Rather, it attributes to the returnees themselves the commission of the same wrongs that originally contributed to the establishment of the Fast of Gedaliah. The prophet effectively casts the question of the fasts—and, by extension, the decision regarding the redemptive nature of the return to Zion—back into the hands of the returnees themselves. Consideration of how this fast is treated in Megillat Ta‘anit shows that this question never reached a clear resolution and was the subject of ongoing debate throughout the early Second Commonwealth. By enacting measures to award Tisha be-Av and the Fast of Gedaliah the status of festivals, Megillat Ta‘anit tried to resolve the returnees’ quandary, in the process further validating Zechariah’s prophecy.

Solid oxide fuel cell is one of the alternative energy sources with high efficiency and low emissions. Solid oxide electrolyte is an important component of this fuel cell. A new electrolyte that suitable at medium temperature is needed to be developed. Apatite type lanthanum silicate is one of the electrolytes, which can operate at medium temperature. Increasing performance of apatite lanthanum silicate such as ionic conductivity can be achieved by doping. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize the electrolyte of Lanthanum silicates oxide with hydrothermal method and to investigate the effect of Ti 4+ dopant on apatite electrolyte characteristics such as crystal lattice parameter and conductivity. The results showed that samples of La 9.33 Si 6-x Ti x O 26 with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 were successfully synthesized. The value of c on the crystal lattice parameter increases with increasing the doping content of Ti 4+. Increasing c value on the crystal lattice parameter is directly proportional to the conductivity. Apatite La 9.33 Si 5.7 Ti 0.3 O 26 showed the highest conductivity of 2.4 × 10-4 S/cm at 700°C.

The main purpose of this study was to identify young talented sprinter using discriminant factor. The research was conducted in 3 steps including item pool, screening of item pool, and trial of instruments at the small and big size of samples. 315 male elementary school students participated in this study with mean age of 11-13 years old. Data were collected by measuring anthropometry (standing height, sitting height, body mass, and leg length); testing physical fitness (40m sprint for speed, shuttle run for agility, standing broad jump for power, multistage fitness test for endurance). Data were analyzed using discriminant factor. The result of this study found that there were 5 items that selected as an instrument to identify young talented sprinter: sitting height, body mass, leg length, sprint 40m, and multistage fitness test. Model of Discriminant for talent identification in sprinter was D =-24,497 + (0,155 sitting height) + (0,080 body mass) + (0,148 leg length) + (-1,225 Sprint 40m) + (0,563 MFT). The conclusion of this study: instrument tests that have been selected and discriminant model that have been found can be applied to identify young talented as a sprinter.

The authority control, though being a process which integrates the catalogue architecture – and which assures the indexes quality (author, title, descriptor) and supports the relational and syndetic structure of the catalogue, endorsing capabilities of fully retrieving the information it contains – for a long time has been disregarded in the context of the theoretic thought of the catalogue pertaining process. During the last years this trend was reversed: the authority control gained a first level role on the international bibliotheconomic scenario; at the present time in this area there are many operative plans and new applications, often managed in a co-operative and trans-national way, in some cases stimulating the authority control to extend its range of action outside libraries, in order to interoperate with heterogeneous systems like archives, e-commerce systems and museums. This work wants to define the role and the functions of the nominal and semantic authority control. The first part deals with the authority control under the theoretic point of view: all its elements are examined, while its origin and development in the cataloguing process and in relation with the organisation and relational structure of the catalogue is outlined. The second part treats the semantic indexes control; after a short theoretic-normative report, the situation of the authority control in Italy, which has today, like it never had, a particular evolution, is deeply examined. Referring to the Sistema Biliotecario Nazionale (SBN, National Library Service), the story of the evolution of the semantic authority control in Italy is sketched, along with the new development perspectives favoured by the Nuovo Soggettario project. At the end this work treats what should be considered the most important existing project, on a co-operative international basis, of subject authority control: the Subject Authority Cooperative Program (SACO).

Industry 4.0 denotes the fourth industrial revolution introduced in 2011 at the Hanover Fair, which already started to change the manufacturing industry. In the paper an original concept of the calibration process of Industry 4.0 measurement equipment by a touchless calibration system (TCal) is presented. The described approach can be realised by providing synchronized communication in real time between the calibration laboratories and clients' laboratories for calibrating instruments which are remotely located from the reference standard used in the calibration process. The objective is to gather information parameters from the calibration reference standard and send them by digital network to the unit under test (UUT-the calibrated item). The overall calibration procedure has to be totally synchronized (data, sensors and environment), so the calibration process would keep the requested accuracy as done " a single room " , i.e. in the calibration laboratory or on-site in the clients' premises. Application examples are presented as well as an analysis of the contributing factors to the uncertainty budget in the Industry 4.0 calibration measurement systems is conducted.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Diversity Index, Similarity Index, and Dominance Index. The research location in Krukut River along 12 km. The research was conducted in March - June 2017 in 7 sampling points. Macrozoobentos obtained as many as 23 species belonging to the 9 classes are 3 types of Bivalves, 7 types of Arthopoda, 2 types of Molusca, 4 types of insects, 4 types of Oligochaeta, 2 Malacostraca, 1 Crustacea, 1 Diptera, and 1 Nematodes. The highest abundance of macrozoobentos is 10550 Ind/m2, whereas the lowest macrozoobenthic abundance is 850 Ind/m2. The range of Diversity Index (H') 0.32 - 1.80, Similarity Index (E) 0.58-1.07 and Dominance Index (C) 0.40-0.63. Therefore the result shows that Krukut River is in category medium pollution. Keywords: biology indeks, Krukut river, macrozoobentos, Shannon Wiener

Cowry game is an ancient board game from India, also known as Chowka Bhara. It is a race game of chance and strategy for 2-4 players, in which playing pieces are moved around a square board according to the throw of special dice (cowry shells). This game involves decision-making under uncertainty and imprecision with multiple players, and therefore can be considered as an appropriate model for real-life problems that contain stochastic components. In this research, we propose and analyze a few basic playing strategies for Cowry game, and describe the framework for the implementation of these strategies. We also provide an experimental comparison of the proposed strategies to evaluate their performances. The comprehensive study of Cowry game presented in this work can be used to gain a better understanding of the game, and may result in the formulation and implementation of more advanced strategies. It can also serve as a basis for producing better artificial players in similar strategic race games.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Diversity Index, Similarity Index, and Dominance Index. The research location in Krukut River along 12 km. The research was conducted in March - June 2017 in 7 sampling points. Macrozoobentos obtained as many as 23 species belonging to the 9 classes are 3 types of Bivalves, 7 types of Arthopoda, 2 types of Molusca, 4 types of insects, 4 types of Oligochaeta, 2 Malacostraca, 1 Crustacea, 1 Diptera, and 1 Nematodes. The highest abundance of macrozoobentos is 10550 Ind/m2, whereas the lowest macrozoobenthic abundance is 850 Ind/m2. The range of Diversity Index (H') 0.32 - 1.80, Similarity Index (E) 0.58-1.07 and Dominance Index (C) 0.40-0.63. Therefore the result shows that Krukut River is in category medium pollution. Keywords: biology indeks, Krukut river, macrozoobentos, Shannon Wiener

ABSTRACT: In several recent papers Arthur Robson sketches evolutionary scenarios in order to explain why we humans evolved hard-wired utility functions and the capacity to choose flexibly on the basis of them. The-se scenarios are scrutinized minutely in the paper. It is pointed out that Robson ignores several relevant in-sightful ideas and distinctions that have surfaced in other contemporary evolutionary theorizing. A somew-hat different picture of human behavior emerges once these ideas and distinctions are taken seriously.

OBJECTIVE — To determine whether elevated fasting or 2-h plasma glucose and/or insulin better reflects the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in an overweight pediatric population with normal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — A total of 151 overweight youths (8–17 years old) were evaluated with oral glucose tolerance tests and measurement of CVD risk factors. The study population was categorized according to quartiles of fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin levels. ANCOVA, adjusted for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, and percent body fat (mea-sured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), was used to compare metabolic variables between the quartiles of glucose and insulin groups. RESULTS — Increasing quartiles of fasting and 2-h insulin were associated with increasing CVD risk factors. Glucose quartiles on the other hand, either fasting or at 2 h, were not. CONCLUSIONS — These data suggest that hyperinsulinemia may be the earliest and/or primary metabolic...

Optical instruments for areal topography measurement can be especially sensitive to noise when scanning is required. Such noise has different sources, including those internally generated and external sources from the environment [1]. For some instruments, it is not always possible to evaluate each single contributor. Nevertheless, it is possible to evaluate the noise added to the output during the normal use of the instrument. Such noise is defined in ISO 25178 part 605 [1] as " measurement noise ". In this work, the measurement noise is assessed for a commercial point autofocus instrument (Mitaka MLP-3SP), installed in the manufacturing metrology laboratory at The University of Nottingham. The investigation is carried out by areal acquisitions of 100 µm × 100 µm with a 100× magnification objective and a sampling distance of 0.1 µm along the x-axis and 1 µm along the y-axis. The measurement noise is evaluated by applying established subtraction and averaging methods described elsewhere [2, 3]. The results reveal a maximum calculated value of 20 nm (subtraction method) and a minimum of 8 nm (subtraction method). An oscillation is observed in the acquired surface topographies, which is due to a thermal drift induced by the air conditioning system. The disturbance can be reduced using the temperature correction tool in the software of the instrument. Experiments performed when the air conditioning system is inactive, showed drift of the instrument due to the temperature which is estimated, in the worst case, as 0.9 µm/ o C (calculated as Sz/ΔT), over one hour measuring time. The investigation was then repeated applying the temperature correction tool and the evaluation of the measurement noise results in a value of 2 nm (both methods). The overall temperature variation, measured in the housing chamber of the instrument, is smaller than 0.1 o C during each repeated measurement. In conclusion, the point autofocus instrument shows a clear dependence on the environmental noise. The measurement noise uncertainty contributor in the worst case is estimated to be unoise = 20 nm when the temperature correction tool