FAST

This paper develops a fault detection and isolation (FDI) and active fault tolerant control (FTC) of pitch actuators in wind turbines (WTs). This is accomplished combining a disturbance compensator with a controller, both of which are formulated in the discrete-time domain. The disturbance compensator has a dual purpose: to reconstruct the actuator fault (which is used by the FDI technique) and to design the discrete-time controller to obtain an active FTC. That is, the actuator faults are reconstructed and then the control inputs are modified with the reconstructed fault signal to achieve a FTC in the presence of actuator faults with a comparable behavior to the fault-free case. The proposed techniques are validated using the aeroelastic wind turbine simulator FAST. This software is designed by the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory and is widely used for studying wind turbine control systems.

Los vocabularios normalizados han sido las piezas medulares de la investigacion bibliografica, pero hay quienes consideran que los epigrafes organizados en cadenas de palabras son dificiles de comprender y utilizar. Esta situacion ha dado paso al desarrollo de FAST, una version deconstruida de los epigrafes LCSH. Paralelamente, gracias a las folksonomias desveladas por las redes sociales desarrolladas en Internet, las personas estan organizando la informacion segun sus preferencias particulares y compartiendo sus epigrafes o etiquetas. Delicious, un sistema de marcadores sociales, que permite etiquetar y compartir todo tipo de enlace electronico, es una de las herramientas que descubre el comportamiento de los usuarios a la hora de buscar informacion. En este trabajo se explora la estructura de los epigrafes seleccionados por los usuarios para etiquetar los enlaces que guardan en Delicious y la utilidad de esta herramienta para desarrollar epigrafes normalizados que se acerquen a la...

The level of student achievement is a benchmark of the quality assessment of a school. This student's assessment is based on the national final exam scores every year. When the national exam score increases, it will affect the number of students who will enroll in a school. It affects the number of classes to be opened in the registration of new student candidates. This study aims to predict student achievement based on the value of subjects that become the focus on the final national examination. One method of forecasting in the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The working principle in this method is basically the same as ANN method in general. Namely, there are input layer, hidden layer and output layer. By randomly assigning the input parameters, the ELM generates good generalization performance. By using 20-20-1 network architecture, this research has a result in a small RMSE value of 0.314.

OBJECTIVE—To compare the pathophysiology of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a more comprehensive and standardized fashion than has hitherto been done. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied 21 individuals with isolated IFG (IFG/normal glucose tolerance [NGT]), 61 individuals with isolated IGT (normal fasting glucose [NFG]/IGT), and 240 healthy control subjects (NFG/NGT) by hyperglycemic clamps to determine first- and second-phase insulin release and insulin sensitivity. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indexes of β-cell function (HOMA-%B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated from fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. RESULTS—Compared with NFG/NGT, IFG/NGT had similar fasting insulin concentrations despite hyperglycemia; therefore, HOMA-IR was increased ∼30% (P < 0.05), but clamp-determined insulin sensitivity was normal (P > 0.8). HOMA-%B and first-phase insulin responses were reduced ∼35% (P < 0.002) and ∼3...

Sixteen years ago, the first "surprise language exercise" was conducted, in Cebuano. The evaluation goal of a surprise language exercise is to learn how well systems for a new language can be quickly built. This paper briefly reviews the history of surprise language exercises. Some details from the most recent surprise language exercise, in Lithuanian, are included to help to illustrate how the state of the art has advanced over this period.

The hydrodynamic characteristics of twelve hull forms of existing high-speed vehicular and passenger-only catamaran ferries with a length greater than 40 metres are presented and discussed, together with 2 other modeltested hull forms, covering both resistance and ship motions. Comment is made on the actual performance on trials when compared against the tank test results, together with the results from various numerical prediction methods. The hull forms include round-bilge, soft-chine and hard-chine shapes, representing semi-displacement hulls and Semi-SWATH hulls, and includes the effects of motion control devices. The effect of bulbous bows and transom sterns is discussed. The hull forms cover a range of speeds up to a Froude number of 1.2. Although not a systematic series, the trends resulting from variations in hull shape and characteristics are evident.

The original ring method and some of its modified versions were examined with a view to developing a straightforward, universal alternative for use by the textile industry. For this purpose, a total of 42 specimens of commercial woven fabrics differing in composition, weave type and aerial weight were studied by using the FAST method and a modified version of the ring method developed by the authors. Correlation between the results of the two methods was found to depend largely on (a) fabric formability, (b) bending rigidity, and (c) maximum extraction force and the time needed to reach it. Regression equations relating the main variables of the two methods via canonical correlations were developed. The proposed modified version of the ring method allows the easy, inexpensive determination of fabric formability, which was previously possible with the FAST method only.

A Monte Carlo model describing the ionic transport in solid polymer electrolyte is developed. Single cation simulation is carried out using hopping rate to study the transport mechanism of a thermally activated ion in solid polymer electrolyte. In our model, the ion is able to hop along a polymer chain and to jump between different chains, surmounting energy barriers that consist of polymer's activation energy and the externally applied electric field. The model is able to trace the motion of ion across polymer electrolyte. The mean hopping distance is calculated based on the available open bond in the next nearest side. Random numbers are used to determine the hopping distances, free flight times, final energy and direction of the cation after successful hop. Drift velocity and energy of cation are simulated in our work. The model is expected to be able to simulate the lithium-polymer battery in future.

An attempt has been made to develop DREF III friction spun yarn after structural modifications with an objective to analyze its feasibility for apparel end use by diagnosing its quantified reduction in harshness [1]. An independent study is carried out to develop a regression model, for simultaneous optimization of the desirability of physiological comfort and handle related properties of a knitted fabric, made up of the modified friction spun yarn, with pre-defined constraints in desired atmospheric conditions for specific end-use and comparing it with knitted fabric made up of conventional friction spun yarn named as ‘Reference fabric’ [2][3]. To optimize the desirability of value added garment, response surface methodology is used as a tool to develop a mathematical model [4]. In this work, ‘Physiological Control System’ (PCS) of both comfort & handle is being upgraded to ‘Engineering Control System’ (ECS) by conversion of conceptual model to a mathematical model [5]. Optimizing ...

In order to understand the all-chemical-solution-deposition (CSD) processes for manufacturing coated conductors, we investigated the phase evolution of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films deposited by a low-fluorine metal-organic solution deposition (LF-MOD) method on CSD derived Ce0.9La0.1O2/Gd2Zr2O7/NiW. It is shown that the phase transition from the pyrolyzed film to fully converted YBCO film in the LF-MOD process is similar to that in typical trifluoroacetates-metal organic deposition (TFA-MOD) processes even though the amount of TFA in the solution is reduced by almost one half compared with typical TFAMOD cases. Moreover, we found that the formation of impurities (mainly BaCeO3, NiWO4 and NiO) is strongly related to the annealing temperature, i.e., the diffusion controlled reactions become intensive from 760 o C, which might be connected with the poor structural and superconducting properties of the films deposited at high sintering temperatures. Based on these results, the optimized growt...

BackgroundTo evaluate the influence of gender on the relationship between inflammation and hyperinsulinemia in first‐degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients independently of metabolic syndrome.MethodsStudy group consisted in 217 first‐degree relatives with normal glucose tolerance after an oral glucose tolerance test. A logistic analysis, adjusted for age, sex and all the components of the metabolic syndrome, was used to determine the relationship between interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and leptin and tertiles of fasting insulin, and to take into account the influence of gender.ResultsIn the whole cohort, IL‐6 and leptin were significantly higher and adiponectin significantly lower in the III tertile when corrected for age, body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome components. In women, but not in men, IL‐6 and leptin remained significantly higher when corrected for metabolic syndrome. In the whole cohort and in women, univariate correlations between IL‐6 concentrations and the paramet...

This research was conducted in rubber factory in Indonesia. Today, businesses need a more efficient supply chain that is able to resolve complex challenges in the present. This research is aimed at increasing the company’s competitive advantage by designing supply chain framework with profit sharing system to ensure material availability. This research is conducted by using data reduction method in determining quantitative data for input Stream Value Mapping and Supply Chain Management. Determination of rubber material purchase price is done by using the average trend of rubber price so that the purchase of rubber material is done flat. In order to create trusts in the supply chain, profit-sharing systems are used so that suppliers will supply the right, consistent quantity, quality, and timing of delivery. The results obtained supply chain frameworks are better able to ensure process efficiency and material availability. If applied, this framework will save up to 29.17% processing ...

The higher the quality of one's catalogue, the more esteem the library has had among its users. Through a well-constructed catalogue, users shall be able to find, identify, select and obtain the available information easily. With increasing bibliographic data from different sources worldwide, authority work is essential to ensure the consistency of access points and the overall quality of the catalogue. Authority work is the process to control the use of access points in a catalogue. The references in authority records provide the linking to enhance searching and increase precision in information retrieval. Authority work is the most expensive part of cataloguing; libraries have to work cooperatively to share data, and to reduce cost.

Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience information processing speed (IPS) deficits, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has been recommended as a valid screening test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has markedly improved the understanding of the mechanisms associated with cognitive deficits in MS. However, which structural MRI markers are the most closely related to cognitive performance is still unclear. We used the multicenter 3T‐MRI data set of the Italian Neuroimaging Network Initiative to extract multimodal data (i.e., demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and structural MRIs) of 540 MS patients. We aimed to assess, through machine learning techniques, the contribution of brain MRI structural volumes in the prediction of IPS deficits when combined with demographic and clinical features. We trained and tested the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model following a rigorous validation scheme to obtain reliable generalization performance. We carried...

In order to understand the all-chemical-solution-deposition (CSD) processes for manufacturing coated conductors, we investigated the phase evolution of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films deposited by a low-fluorine metal-organic solution deposition (LF-MOD) method on CSD derived Ce0.9La0.1O2/Gd2Zr2O7/NiW. It is shown that the phase transition from the pyrolyzed film to fully converted YBCO film in the LF-MOD process is similar to that in typical trifluoroacetates-metal organic deposition (TFA-MOD) processes even though the amount of TFA in the solution is reduced by almost one half compared with typical TFAMOD cases. Moreover, we found that the formation of impurities (mainly BaCeO3, NiWO4 and NiO) is strongly related to the annealing temperature, i.e., the diffusion controlled reactions become intensive from 760 o C, which might be connected with the poor structural and superconducting properties of the films deposited at high sintering temperatures. Based on these results, the optimized growt...

Peanuts and peanut butter are commonly consumed as a snack, meal component and ingredient in various commercial products. Their consumption is associated with reduced CVD risk and they pose little threat to positive energy balance. However, questions have arisen as to whether product form (e.g. whole nutv.butter) and processing properties (e.g. roasting and adding flavours) may compromise their positive health effects. The present study investigated the effects of peanut form and processing on two CVD risk factors: fasting plasma lipids and body weight. One hundred and eighteen adults (forty-seven males and seventy-one females; age 29·2 (sd8·4) years; BMI 30·0 (sd4·5) kg/m2) from Brazil, Ghana and the United States were randomised to consume 56 g of raw unsalted (n23), roasted unsalted (n24), roasted salted (n23) or honey roasted (n24) peanuts, or peanut butter (n24) daily for 4 weeks. Peanut form and processing did not differentially affect body weight or fasting plasma lipid respo...

An inverted pendulum is a multivariable, unstable, nonlinear system that is used as a yardstick in control engineering laboratories to study, verify and confirm innovative control techniques. To implement a simple control algorithm, achieve upright stabilization and precise tracking control under external disturbances constitutes a serious challenge. Observer-based linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller and linear matrix inequality (LMI) are proposed for the upright stabilization of the system. Simulation studies are performed using step input magnitude, and the results are analyzed. Time response specifications, integral square error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were employed to investigate the performances of the proposed controllers. Based on the comparative analysis, the upright stabilization of the pendulum was achieved within the shortest possible time with both controllers however, the LMI controller exhibits better performances in b...

Polyurethane (PU) is a widely used polymer with a highly complex recycling process due to its chemical structure. Eliminating polyurethane is limited to incineration or accumulation in landfills. Biodegradation by enzymes and microorganisms has been studied for decades as an effective method of biological decomposition. In this study, Tenebrio molitor larvae (T. molitor) were fed polyurethane foam. They degraded the polymer by 35% in 17 days, resulting in a 14% weight loss in the mealworms. Changes in the T. molitor gut bacterial community and diversity were observed, which may be due to the colonization of the species associated with PU degradation. The physical and structural biodegradation of the PU, as achieved by T. molitor, was observed and compared to the characteristics of the original PU (PU-virgin) using Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microphotography (SEM).

המאמר מבקש לברר כיצד נתפס עמק הקדרון על אתריו בעיניהם של אנשי שלהי העת העתיקה. תפיסה זו הושפעה מאופיו הטופוגרפי של העמק, המתאפיין בהפרש גבהים משמעותי ביחס להר הבית, וכן באופי קניוני עם מצוקים ומערות, בעיקר בגדה המזרחית. התפיסה באה לידי ביטוי במישור הנרטיבים ההיסטוריים והמיתוסים. מן המקרא שתיאר את המקום כקו גבול הנמצא מחוץ לעיר, כאזור גבולי מובהק וכאתר של חטא וזוהמה ועבור דרך הגדרות הלכתיות הקשורות לטומאה, אשר סימנו את הקדרון כמרחב טמא, קוטבי לבית המקדש הטהור. נרטיבים אלה באו לידי ביטוי בספרות המסעות של עולי הרגל. המאמר מתמקד בשני אתרים סימבוליים, פי הגיהינום ומצבת זכריה. המסורות לגבי שני אתרים אלה מעניקות לתפיסה המטאפיזית לבוש גשמי ומוחשי.