A variety of non-destructive and remote sensing techniques have been used to identify and assess ... more A variety of non-destructive and remote sensing techniques have been used to identify and assess buried urbaninfrastructure (utility pipes) without the need for excavation. This paper summarizes the challenges withapplying a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique to locate subsurface voids and buried infrastructure in acomplex urban environment of the Vodnik Square in Ljubljana. The data from this and other test fields willenable the development of a library that will utilise the parameters and GPR signal response to reliable data of pipe position, diameter, target depth, and pipe materials
Na najdišču Hajndl, v neposredni bližini mesta Ormož, ki leži v severovzhodni Sloveniji, so v let... more Na najdišču Hajndl, v neposredni bližini mesta Ormož, ki leži v severovzhodni Sloveniji, so v letih 1999 in 2000 potekala arheološka izkopavanja v okviru projekta gradnje hitre ceste Ormož-Ptuj. V članku predstavljamo hišo iz časa starejše železne dobe, ki je bila odkrita pri arheoloških izkopavanjih, in nove rezultate geofizikalne prospekcije, ki smo jo izvedli v letu 2004 v neposredni bližini arheoloških izkopavanj. Pri naši raziskavi smo primerjali rezultate magnetne metode, geoelektrične upornostne metode in georadarske metode z rezultati izkopavanj. At the archaeological site of Hajndl in the immediate vicinity of the town Ormož, north-eastern Slovenia, rescue archaeological excavations were conducted in 1999 and 2000 in the course of high-way construction between Ormož and Ptuj. In the following article, a house dated to the Early Iron Age, which was discovered during these archaeological excavations, is presented together with some results of the geophysical exploration which...
Archaeological survey in the chora of the 4th c. B. C. Parian colony of Pharos on the island of H... more Archaeological survey in the chora of the 4th c. B. C. Parian colony of Pharos on the island of Hvar in Central Dalmatia (Croatia) has by now a respectable history and has gone through different phases. Started in 1981/82 as a small scale venture among friends and colleagues, upon invitation by Branko Kirigin of the Archaeological Museum in Split and by the Center for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Island of Hvar, it soon became an important arena for experimentation in survey techniques for at least two generations of archaeologists here. The background experience of the Ljubljana University team was the general archaeological survey as concieved within the framework of the project of the Archaeological Institute here, modelled upon the German Archaeologische Aumahme approach. On the other side, we were fascinated by the results of the systematic surveys discussed at the time, as presented at the Archaeological Survey in the Mediterranean conference in Athens in 1981 (K...
The basic intention of geophysical survey is the identification of shallow, micromorphological fe... more The basic intention of geophysical survey is the identification of shallow, micromorphological features in limestone bedrock for archaeological prospection with analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar echoes. Small negative archaeological features in limestone bedrock (post holes) are still considered as a very difficult or unsolvable problem for the geophysical method. Weak contrasts of small negative targeted objects are often curtained by several magnitude order stronger signals received from the morphologically variable surface of non-homogenous, frequently thinly bedded limestone with sub vertical inclination and different karstic features. As a key study, GPR results were used from the Taino settlement in El Cabo, Dominican Republic, where archaeological research has been conducted since 2005. Identical prehistoric archaeological settlement remains can be encountered also everywhere in Karst regions. In the article the accent is placed on analysis of GPR profiles attained by high...
Geophysical measurements made for the needs of extensive surveys at archaeologically unexplored s... more Geophysical measurements made for the needs of extensive surveys at archaeologically unexplored sites usually performed according to general terrestrial geodetic procedures can be efficiently aided by satellite navigation methods. The reason for applying inexpensive, single-frequency (L1) global positioning systems (GPS) in geophysical surveying needed for extensive archaeological activities is their simple use and the need of flexibility and effectiveness of such work. A sufficient degree of flexibility can only be assured by a complete autonomy of the team in planning and executing the field work through positioning of identified anomalous areas. The currently available geophysical instruments allow for detection of changes in local soil conductivity, deviations of the vertical component of the magnetic field density gradient and besides detection beneath surface structure boundaries also their visualization with different microwave reflection or absorption coefficients. Archeolog...
The vicus of Nauportus, situated on the northeastern edge of the territory of the colony of Aquil... more The vicus of Nauportus, situated on the northeastern edge of the territory of the colony of Aquileia, functioned as a freight and reloading station during the second half of the 1st century BC and at the beginning of the 1st century AD. Large archaeological campaigns in 1934 and 1936 revealed a ground plan of a fortified settlement. Precise spatial positioning of architectural remains was impossible without additional investigation. Thus, the aim of applying geophysical survey methods was to ascertain the reliability of a ground plan based on old archaeological excavations and to produce a more detailed settlement reconstruction. Information needed for effective geophysical research design was obtained from revised archaeological documentation and completed by additional information extracted from Ground Probing Radar profiles carried out in the initial phase of geophysical survey by several randomly directed profiles, georeferenced by applying an inexpensive, single frequency GPS s...
Geophysical prospecting at archeological sites requires a flexible and relatively inexpensive pos... more Geophysical prospecting at archeological sites requires a flexible and relatively inexpensive positioning system, capable of determining positions within a circle with 30 cm error radius. GPS positioning technology is capable to achieve this accuracy only under favorable conditions, but can be supplemented, for more general use, with a dead reckoning (DR) MEMS accelerometer positioning system. In this contribution we describe such a hybrid GPS-DR system, developed for archeological applications, capable of reducing the trajectory orientation errors, which for the GPS alone can amount to ± 1 °, by 60 %. The improvement in the position data to the required precision in archeological fieldwork is demonstrated.
In this paper, we present a comparison of a double integration using Simpsons's rule and a Ka... more In this paper, we present a comparison of a double integration using Simpsons's rule and a Kalman filtering in MEMS measurement device output processing for accurate position estimation suitable for the kinematics of an object dragged along a path on the floor. A special purpose experimental setup was designed to allow for an accurate (ground truth) device acceleration and position determination. This is utilized to compute "exact" device output, used as a reference, required to verify Kalman filtering assumptions and to apply different measures of position estimation quality. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was applied to test the output noise distribution. To compare the efficiency of the double integrator and the Kalman filtering in the role of position estimation we explored position estimation error, total variance of the output error and the variance of the output error. Means and variances for double integrator and Kalman filtering are listed. Several type...
Ph. Levau, Trement, F., Walsh, K. & Barker Gr. (eds): Environmental reconstruction in Mediterranean landscape archaeology , Oxford: Oxbow Books, p. 123-134, 1999
The authors examine the relationship between the agricultural use of Karstic dolinas and demograp... more The authors examine the relationship between the agricultural use of Karstic dolinas and demography in the past.Conclusions are based on the results of the archaeological survey of 19 dolinas in 1995. Archaeological and historical data speak for the most intensive use of dolinas in 2 clearly distinguished periods - later prehistory (1st mil. BC) and in 18th-19th c. Soil magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that such methods can accompany successfully the archaeological survey.
A variety of non-destructive and remote sensing techniques have been used to identify and assess ... more A variety of non-destructive and remote sensing techniques have been used to identify and assess buried urbaninfrastructure (utility pipes) without the need for excavation. This paper summarizes the challenges withapplying a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique to locate subsurface voids and buried infrastructure in acomplex urban environment of the Vodnik Square in Ljubljana. The data from this and other test fields willenable the development of a library that will utilise the parameters and GPR signal response to reliable data of pipe position, diameter, target depth, and pipe materials
Na najdišču Hajndl, v neposredni bližini mesta Ormož, ki leži v severovzhodni Sloveniji, so v let... more Na najdišču Hajndl, v neposredni bližini mesta Ormož, ki leži v severovzhodni Sloveniji, so v letih 1999 in 2000 potekala arheološka izkopavanja v okviru projekta gradnje hitre ceste Ormož-Ptuj. V članku predstavljamo hišo iz časa starejše železne dobe, ki je bila odkrita pri arheoloških izkopavanjih, in nove rezultate geofizikalne prospekcije, ki smo jo izvedli v letu 2004 v neposredni bližini arheoloških izkopavanj. Pri naši raziskavi smo primerjali rezultate magnetne metode, geoelektrične upornostne metode in georadarske metode z rezultati izkopavanj. At the archaeological site of Hajndl in the immediate vicinity of the town Ormož, north-eastern Slovenia, rescue archaeological excavations were conducted in 1999 and 2000 in the course of high-way construction between Ormož and Ptuj. In the following article, a house dated to the Early Iron Age, which was discovered during these archaeological excavations, is presented together with some results of the geophysical exploration which...
Archaeological survey in the chora of the 4th c. B. C. Parian colony of Pharos on the island of H... more Archaeological survey in the chora of the 4th c. B. C. Parian colony of Pharos on the island of Hvar in Central Dalmatia (Croatia) has by now a respectable history and has gone through different phases. Started in 1981/82 as a small scale venture among friends and colleagues, upon invitation by Branko Kirigin of the Archaeological Museum in Split and by the Center for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Island of Hvar, it soon became an important arena for experimentation in survey techniques for at least two generations of archaeologists here. The background experience of the Ljubljana University team was the general archaeological survey as concieved within the framework of the project of the Archaeological Institute here, modelled upon the German Archaeologische Aumahme approach. On the other side, we were fascinated by the results of the systematic surveys discussed at the time, as presented at the Archaeological Survey in the Mediterranean conference in Athens in 1981 (K...
The basic intention of geophysical survey is the identification of shallow, micromorphological fe... more The basic intention of geophysical survey is the identification of shallow, micromorphological features in limestone bedrock for archaeological prospection with analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar echoes. Small negative archaeological features in limestone bedrock (post holes) are still considered as a very difficult or unsolvable problem for the geophysical method. Weak contrasts of small negative targeted objects are often curtained by several magnitude order stronger signals received from the morphologically variable surface of non-homogenous, frequently thinly bedded limestone with sub vertical inclination and different karstic features. As a key study, GPR results were used from the Taino settlement in El Cabo, Dominican Republic, where archaeological research has been conducted since 2005. Identical prehistoric archaeological settlement remains can be encountered also everywhere in Karst regions. In the article the accent is placed on analysis of GPR profiles attained by high...
Geophysical measurements made for the needs of extensive surveys at archaeologically unexplored s... more Geophysical measurements made for the needs of extensive surveys at archaeologically unexplored sites usually performed according to general terrestrial geodetic procedures can be efficiently aided by satellite navigation methods. The reason for applying inexpensive, single-frequency (L1) global positioning systems (GPS) in geophysical surveying needed for extensive archaeological activities is their simple use and the need of flexibility and effectiveness of such work. A sufficient degree of flexibility can only be assured by a complete autonomy of the team in planning and executing the field work through positioning of identified anomalous areas. The currently available geophysical instruments allow for detection of changes in local soil conductivity, deviations of the vertical component of the magnetic field density gradient and besides detection beneath surface structure boundaries also their visualization with different microwave reflection or absorption coefficients. Archeolog...
The vicus of Nauportus, situated on the northeastern edge of the territory of the colony of Aquil... more The vicus of Nauportus, situated on the northeastern edge of the territory of the colony of Aquileia, functioned as a freight and reloading station during the second half of the 1st century BC and at the beginning of the 1st century AD. Large archaeological campaigns in 1934 and 1936 revealed a ground plan of a fortified settlement. Precise spatial positioning of architectural remains was impossible without additional investigation. Thus, the aim of applying geophysical survey methods was to ascertain the reliability of a ground plan based on old archaeological excavations and to produce a more detailed settlement reconstruction. Information needed for effective geophysical research design was obtained from revised archaeological documentation and completed by additional information extracted from Ground Probing Radar profiles carried out in the initial phase of geophysical survey by several randomly directed profiles, georeferenced by applying an inexpensive, single frequency GPS s...
Geophysical prospecting at archeological sites requires a flexible and relatively inexpensive pos... more Geophysical prospecting at archeological sites requires a flexible and relatively inexpensive positioning system, capable of determining positions within a circle with 30 cm error radius. GPS positioning technology is capable to achieve this accuracy only under favorable conditions, but can be supplemented, for more general use, with a dead reckoning (DR) MEMS accelerometer positioning system. In this contribution we describe such a hybrid GPS-DR system, developed for archeological applications, capable of reducing the trajectory orientation errors, which for the GPS alone can amount to ± 1 °, by 60 %. The improvement in the position data to the required precision in archeological fieldwork is demonstrated.
In this paper, we present a comparison of a double integration using Simpsons's rule and a Ka... more In this paper, we present a comparison of a double integration using Simpsons's rule and a Kalman filtering in MEMS measurement device output processing for accurate position estimation suitable for the kinematics of an object dragged along a path on the floor. A special purpose experimental setup was designed to allow for an accurate (ground truth) device acceleration and position determination. This is utilized to compute "exact" device output, used as a reference, required to verify Kalman filtering assumptions and to apply different measures of position estimation quality. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was applied to test the output noise distribution. To compare the efficiency of the double integrator and the Kalman filtering in the role of position estimation we explored position estimation error, total variance of the output error and the variance of the output error. Means and variances for double integrator and Kalman filtering are listed. Several type...
Ph. Levau, Trement, F., Walsh, K. & Barker Gr. (eds): Environmental reconstruction in Mediterranean landscape archaeology , Oxford: Oxbow Books, p. 123-134, 1999
The authors examine the relationship between the agricultural use of Karstic dolinas and demograp... more The authors examine the relationship between the agricultural use of Karstic dolinas and demography in the past.Conclusions are based on the results of the archaeological survey of 19 dolinas in 1995. Archaeological and historical data speak for the most intensive use of dolinas in 2 clearly distinguished periods - later prehistory (1st mil. BC) and in 18th-19th c. Soil magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that such methods can accompany successfully the archaeological survey.
1st International Archaeological Conference New Discoveries between the Alps and the Black Sea. R... more 1st International Archaeological Conference New Discoveries between the Alps and the Black Sea. Results from the Roman Sites in the Period between 2005 and 2015. In memoriam Iva Mikl Curk
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