facing the foreclosure crisis in greater cleveland: What happened and how communities are responding This report was produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. The views expressed herein are those of the individual authors; they... more
facing the foreclosure crisis in greater cleveland: What happened and how communities are responding This report was produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. The views expressed herein are those of the individual authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland or the Federal Reserve System. The foreclosure crisis is among the most significant challenges facing American cities today. It has been difficult as a nation to assess the damage to housing stock, neighborhoods, and communi-ties, let alone decide upon strategies to repair and move forward. As new foreclosures continue to mount, their impact spreads from central cities to places that initially seemed immune. Indeed, we use the term “foreclosure crisis ” broadly in this report, including the subprime lending meltdown, foreclosures themselves, and spillover effects such as vacant and abandoned properties as elements of this
Community is widely acknowledged as a fundamental aspect of social work practice and this formulation distinguishes social work from other professions. Because of this longstanding tradition, the field needs to make a greater investment... more
Community is widely acknowledged as a fundamental aspect of social work practice and this formulation distinguishes social work from other professions. Because of this longstanding tradition, the field needs to make a greater investment in producing scientific knowledge to enable community change and to incorporate community context into practice. This type of research faces numerous challenges related to the complexity of community interventions, the lack of well- developed community measures, the difficulty of implementing experimental designs and the spatial dynamics of communities. However, there are recent substantive and methodological developments that should make it possible to advance research on community as agent, target and context for social work practice.
Using data for welfare recipients who left the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program during 1996 in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, the authors compare the determinants of labor market outcomes across three classes of housing... more
Using data for welfare recipients who left the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program during 1996 in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, the authors compare the determinants of labor market outcomes across three classes of housing assistance: those who receive a certificate or voucher, those who reside in a traditional public housing project, and those who reside in a Section 8 housing project. The statistical model includes spatially based measures of job opportunities for welfare recipients as well as measures of access to those opportunities. As might be expected, the authors’ analysis reveals that welfare exiters living in housing projects (either public or Section 8) are more spatially concentrated in Cleveland than those not receiving housing assistance, whereas those receiving certificates and vouchers are more spatially dispersed. Even so, welfare exiters receiving certificates and vouchers are employed closer to their homes, spend less time commuting to work, have s...
ABSTRACT This study uses linked administrative records to examine the disruptive effects of eviction on adults and children in low-income households. By linking eviction filings for the City of Cleveland, Ohio, with administrative... more
ABSTRACT This study uses linked administrative records to examine the disruptive effects of eviction on adults and children in low-income households. By linking eviction filings for the City of Cleveland, Ohio, with administrative records, we depict residential mobility, homeless shelter use, and children’s school attendance for households, spanning a period of 2 years before and after the filings. Using difference-in-differences models, we find that eviction orders further erode housing stability, with differential impacts for tenants of private and public housing. Children of evicted households have lower rates of lead testing relative to children of nonevicted households, despite the extremely high levels of poisoning both groups exhibit. These findings point to the need to focus on eviction prevention, in conjunction with an overall strategy to address the weaknesses in our social safety net and housing programs. Throughout the analyses we discuss the potential and challenges of using linked administrative data to understand the consequences of evictions with the goal of informing social and housing policy.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Health outcomes have been associated with physical and social characteristics of neighbourhoods, but little is known about the relationship between contextual factors and perceived neighbourhood scale. To identify the contextual factors... more
Health outcomes have been associated with physical and social characteristics of neighbourhoods, but little is known about the relationship between contextual factors and perceived neighbourhood scale. To identify the contextual factors associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale. We analysed data from a cross-sectional population-based study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, that took place in 2008-2009. The dependent variable was perceived neighbourhood, encoded as an ordinal scale based on a brief description of the concept of the neighbourhood, and two independent scales relating distance, expressed in terms of geography and time. Street connectivity, demographic density and residents' perceptions of the neighbourhoods' physical and social environment were used as contextual predictors. Individual characteristics were used as covariates. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression models estimated the association between perceived neighbourhood scale and contextual characteri...
Research Interests:
Although approximately one-fifth of child maltreatment reports originate with family members, friends, neighbors, or community members, their efforts to identify and report child maltreatment are still not well understood. Nor is it well... more
Although approximately one-fifth of child maltreatment reports originate with family members, friends, neighbors, or community members, their efforts to identify and report child maltreatment are still not well understood. Nor is it well understood how these individuals' perceptions of what constitutes maltreatment may change over time. This study examined descriptions of behavior perceived as maltreatment by caregivers of minors in Cleveland, Ohio, USA neighborhoods. Data were obtained from two neighborhood-based cross-sectional surveys of caregivers of minors: one conducted in 1995-1996 and the other in 2014-2015. The sample consisted of 400 caregivers living in 20 census tracts with varying profiles of maltreatment risk in the 1995-1996 study, and 400 caregivers living in the same 20 census tracts surveyed in 2014-2015. Each time point, participants were asked to provide three examples of behaviors they considered to be child abuse and neglect. All responses were categorized ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Increasing concern about productivity in hospitals led to this study of the amount of time social workers typically spend with and in behalf of hospitalized patients. Among the variables the authors studied, the patient's... more
Increasing concern about productivity in hospitals led to this study of the amount of time social workers typically spend with and in behalf of hospitalized patients. Among the variables the authors studied, the patient's demographic characteristics had little explanatory power, whereas psychosocial acuity, or need for services, and the types of services delivered were the best predictors of the amount of social work time expended in the patient's behalf.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Demography, Risk assessment, Medicine, Humans, Female, and 15 moreMale, Cohort, Risk factors, Socioeconomic Status, Ohio, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Retrospective Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors, healthcare disparities, Medical and Health Sciences, and Residence Characteristics
1. Health Soc Work. 1981 Aug;6(3):4-12. Measuring social work productivity in health care. Coulton CJ, Butler N. PMID: 7286832 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: Data Collection/methods; Documentation; Efficiency ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Psychology and Well Being
The Alcoholism Intervention is a specific therapeutic technique used to motivate an alcoholic to enter treatment; participants confront the alcoholic with the damage the drinking has done and with the consequences that will occur if... more
The Alcoholism Intervention is a specific therapeutic technique used to motivate an alcoholic to enter treatment; participants confront the alcoholic with the damage the drinking has done and with the consequences that will occur if treatment is rejected. According to the conflict-theory model of decision making, an alcoholic's decision to accept treatment is related to the level of stress in
Research Interests:
Proposals supporting the accumulation of assets in poor households are hopeful of creating upward mobility. The experiences of poor families in managing assets and other elements of daily economic life were explored through interviews... more
Proposals supporting the accumulation of assets in poor households are hopeful of creating upward mobility. The experiences of poor families in managing assets and other elements of daily economic life were explored through interviews with low-income Hispanic and Anglo ...
Research Interests:
In Reply. — The letter by Drs Kesterson and Benzel supports our finding that neurosurgeons oppose required request laws, and the authors offer an additional explanation, namely, their concern about potential conflict of interest when... more
In Reply. — The letter by Drs Kesterson and Benzel supports our finding that neurosurgeons oppose required request laws, and the authors offer an additional explanation, namely, their concern about potential conflict of interest when required request laws make "it mandatory for physicians to urge families to donate their loved ones' organs" when those families would be unduly upset by such requests. We agree that this concern is real and contributes not only to the opposition to required request laws but also to fewer families being given the donation option. Whether more families could be asked in a sensitive way that would both respect their feelings and increase organ procurement is an important question, but one we did not address in our study. Dr Tomlinson raises three concerns about our methods. First, he argues that the vagueness of the term "brain death" invalidates the responses to ourquestion about the correct
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Cuyahoga County Dept. of Entitlement and Employment Services, OH.; Cleveland Foundation, OH.; George Gund Foundation, Cleveland, OH.; Joyce Foundation, Chicago, IL. ... Help ERIC expand online access to documents currently available only... more
Cuyahoga County Dept. of Entitlement and Employment Services, OH.; Cleveland Foundation, OH.; George Gund Foundation, Cleveland, OH.; Joyce Foundation, Chicago, IL. ... Help ERIC expand online access to documents currently available only on microfiche. ...
Research Interests:
A perennial issue confronting administrators is the degree to which employees' behavior should be directed to assure attainment of organizational goals. This issue takes on an even more complex dimension when the organization is... more
A perennial issue confronting administrators is the degree to which employees' behavior should be directed to assure attainment of organizational goals. This issue takes on an even more complex dimension when the organization is a professional organization. Individual professional goals can come into conflict with organizational goals. This conflict can be evidenced in many social welfare organizations. The administrative response to this issue will be determined to some extent by implicit theoretical assumptions about how professionals' behaviors are regulated and what shapes professionals' activities toward the attainment of organizational goals. Two theoretical models purported to explain the control of performance in professional organizations are analyzed. The first model emphasizes the concepts of selection and socialization. The second model emphasizes organizational processes, structure, and evaluation of performance. An assessment of the two models reveals that the second model provides a more complete, general, and empirically supported approach for understanding the control of performance in professional organizations. The implications of this model for social welfare agencies are highlighted.
Research Interests:
Neighborhood processes have been shown to influence child maltreatment rates, and accordingly neighborhood-based strategies have been suggested as helpful in intervening in and preventing child maltreatment. Although child-welfare workers... more
Neighborhood processes have been shown to influence child maltreatment rates, and accordingly neighborhood-based strategies have been suggested as helpful in intervening in and preventing child maltreatment. Although child-welfare workers are at the forefront of child maltreatment work, little is known about the extent to which their perspectives on neighborhood processes related to child maltreatment align with those of neighborhood residents. The current study examined the views of neighborhood residents (n = 400) and neighborhood-based child-welfare workers (n = 260) on 2 neighborhood process measures: social disorder and collective efficacy. Because social disorder is viewed as a risk factor for child maltreatment and collective efficacy is viewed as a protective factor, child-welfare workers and residents of neighborhoods need to reach a common understanding of these factors in order to reach agreement on the safety of children in these neighborhoods. The samples of neighborhoo...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This study examines the extent to which employment outcomes for welfare leavers differ depending on TANF policies adopted by states. Data on welfare leavers come from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation.... more
This study examines the extent to which employment outcomes for welfare leavers differ depending on TANF policies adopted by states. Data on welfare leavers come from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Policies in the leavers’ states of residence are characterized by factor scores. Results suggest that employment and job quality outcomes for welfare leavers are associated with several aspects of states’ TANF rules. For example, the stringency of work requirements is positively related to employment among later welfare leavers, but neither the leniency nor stringency of work requirements is related to employment among early welfare leavers. Lenient work requirements are found to increase the probability that welfare leavers’ first jobs off welfare carry employer‐provided health insurance.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Physical Activity, Preventive medicine, Urban Health, Medicine, Schools, and 14 moreHumans, Child, Female, Male, Regression Analysis, Exercise, Environmental Impact, Ohio, Public health systems and services research, Curriculum and Pedagogy, Urban Population, Intervention study, Motor activity, and Residence Characteristics
Research Interests: Geography, Human Geography, Obesity, Environmental Health, Physical Activity, and 15 moreBuilt Environment, Adolescent, Medicine, Overweight, Humans, Female, Male, Ohio, Public health systems and services research, Health and Place, Environment Design, Geographic Information System, Motor activity, Interviews as topic, and Residence Characteristics
Research Interests:
INTRODUCTION The transition to adulthood can be challenging for many individuals, but youth that have been involved with various public systems face additional hurdles in completing their education, finding employment and managing their... more
INTRODUCTION The transition to adulthood can be challenging for many individuals, but youth that have been involved with various public systems face additional hurdles in completing their education, finding employment and managing their everyday lives. Using linked administrative data from multiple agencies, this policy brief looks at what is happening to Cleveland’s youth from 9 grade until age 21 and how involvement in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems affect their success. We find that system-involved youth are at elevated risk compared to their noninvolved peers for poor high school performance and attendance, unemployment, homelessness and incarceration in local jail. This study begins to quantify the various points at which Cleveland youth are touched by public systems along their paths toward adulthood. This type of information can be used to estimate potential savings in public spending and human suffering that might be achieved through targeted prevention progr...
Pay for Success (PFS) interventions are increasingly being implemented in the U.S. and worldwide to assess social programs under a risk-sharing financial agreement between the public and private sectors. They seek to mitigate risk for the... more
Pay for Success (PFS) interventions are increasingly being implemented in the U.S. and worldwide to assess social programs under a risk-sharing financial agreement between the public and private sectors. They seek to mitigate risk for the public sector and promote wider experimentation of programs to improve social outcomes. PFS contracts encourage coordination and alignment of goals, outcomes, and metrics across all agents involved - government, service providers, service recipients, funders and investors. Accordingly, these interventions rely heavily on access to high quality data and analysis, making integrated data systems (IDS) valuable assets to support the design, implementation, and evaluation phases of these projects. The ChildHood Integrated Longitudinal Data (CHILD) System, one of the most comprehensive county-level IDS in the nation, has been used to support and inform two Pay for Success projects in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland). Partnering for Family Success is a coun...
Ongoing services to patients who are about to be discharged from the hospital appear to be critically needed. Whether the need for such services should be met by hospitals or community agencies requires examination. This article reports... more
Ongoing services to patients who are about to be discharged from the hospital appear to be critically needed. Whether the need for such services should be met by hospitals or community agencies requires examination. This article reports on a study that describes the posthospital needs of patients and the extent to which these needs are met subsequent to discharge.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The introduction of prospective payment for hospital care will inevitably create new demands for information on the costs of services. This discussion of an information system that is responsive to the requirements of prospective payment... more
The introduction of prospective payment for hospital care will inevitably create new demands for information on the costs of services. This discussion of an information system that is responsive to the requirements of prospective payment demonstrates how hospital social work departments can improve their access to data and thereby increase their own effectiveness.
Research Interests:
Although social work research and practice are sometimes viewed as the opposite ends of a continuum, research studies have a continuing impact on practice. In a review of noteworthy trends in social work in the health field, this... more
Although social work research and practice are sometimes viewed as the opposite ends of a continuum, research studies have a continuing impact on practice. In a review of noteworthy trends in social work in the health field, this discussion indicates that research influences practice in both direct and indirect ways.
Research Interests:
... Their major statistical hypothesis regarding outcome did not evaluate the bene-fits of screening since it compared length of stay for high risk pa-tients getting social work with high risk patients not getting social work. ... Page 7.... more
... Their major statistical hypothesis regarding outcome did not evaluate the bene-fits of screening since it compared length of stay for high risk pa-tients getting social work with high risk patients not getting social work. ... Page 7. Claudia J. Coulton IMPLICATIONS ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
EJ537298 - Poverty, Work, and Community: A Research Agenda for an Era of Diminishing Federal Responsibility.
Research Interests:
Page 1. Use of Social and Health Services by the Elderly CLAUDIA COULTON ABBIE K. FROST Case Western Reserve University Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1982, Vol. 23 (December):330-339 The differences in ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The quality of post hospital care is of growing importance as length of stay in hospitals declines and patients are discharged with greater dependency and instability in their conditions. Recovery and rehabilitation and, at times, even... more
The quality of post hospital care is of growing importance as length of stay in hospitals declines and patients are discharged with greater dependency and instability in their conditions. Recovery and rehabilitation and, at times, even survival are contingent upon post hospital care being accessible and adequate. However, it is difficult to monitor and evaluate post hospital care and typically no one institution can be held responsible for its quality. Quality assurance in post hospital care requires interorganizational collaboration and social workers can take the lead in establishing these programs.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
... To create each map, the boundaries of the neighborhood or home range were electronically drawn upon a street map of Cleveland displayed in ... To the east and west, the boundaries of the shared space consist of two residential streets... more
... To create each map, the boundaries of the neighborhood or home range were electronically drawn upon a street map of Cleveland displayed in ... To the east and west, the boundaries of the shared space consist of two residential streets (Tilda and DeShaun) that terminate to the ...