Efosa Bolaji ODIGIE

As meat consumption is on the increase worldwide, there are growing concerns about meat hygiene and safety since worldwide distribution of Fasciolasis is estimated at 90% in ruminants. The fact that animals susceptible to Fasciola infection are usually reservoir hosts for Fasciola species is also a cause for concern. This study therefore, is aimed at determining the prevalence of Fascioliasis in abattoirs located within some selected Local Government Areas of Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 180 cattle found within the confines of 3 abattoirs in the respective LGAs were examined. Consequently, 9 abattoirs were investigated for Liver flukes ( Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica ), bringing the overall number of cattle examined to 540. The screening exercise was carried out between the 15th day of August and 2nd of December, 2012, using standard histochemical techniques. The results showed that of the 540 cattle examined, 11.5% were infected. The distribution shows that cattle sla...

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Aim: This study aimed to examine the histopathological effects of acetaminophen (ACMP) abuse in select organs of male Wistar rats. The second goal was aimed at determining the prevalence of ACMP abuse in human subjects. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design (structured questionnaire and oral interview) was used for data collection from 1911 male to 1009 female subjects, aged (15–72) years in Benin City, Nigeria, between June, 2014 and April, 2015. The animal study was done using 60 adult male Wistar rats with a mean weight of (228.34 g). ACMP was orally administered to 10 Groups of rat in the following order: Groups A1and A2 (400 mg/kg), B1and B2 (800 mg/kg), C1and C2 (1200 mg/kg), and D1and D2, (1600 mg/kg) body weight in rat. Water and feed were provided ad libitum for the duration of ACMP administration that lasted for 21 days (sub-acute exposure) in Group A1, B1, C1, and D1. The administration lasted for 42 days (sub-acute and acute exposures) in Groups A2, B2, C2, and D2while Groups E1and E2served as the control. At termination, all rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, grossed, and processed histologically. Results: The prevalence of ACMP abuse within the study population (males and females, in Benin City, Nigeria) stood at 97.3% and was significantly affected by contributory factors like: Age-group, income, profession, etc. Grossly, renal and hepatic necrosis were observed in the high-dose/acutely exposed treated rats (C2 and D2). Histopathology findings revealed hepatocellular distortion at the central vein of the liver tissue and tubular expansion and increased glomerular space in the kidney. Decrease in body weights of the rats in Groups C2 and D2were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a high incidence of ACMP abuse in the males and females population in Benin City, Nigeria. Prolonged oral consumption of ACMP in animals resulted in hepatocellular and renal deleterious effects and may be of a similar hazard in humans.

Purpose: To evaluate the pathological effect associated with the exposure of viscerals and testicular tissues of albino rats to BPA and DEHP. Methods: A total of sixty adult male Wistar rats weighing 200 – 250 g were divided into four (4) groups of 15 rats per cage in a sanitized environment. Group I animals received normal rodent pellet and water and served as untreated group. Thereafter, the rats in the second group (II) were administered 5 mg/kg per day of BPA mixed with rodent pellet orally; group III received 0.5 mg/kg daily dose of DEHP mixed with rodent pellet; while group IV received orally mixture of 0.5 mg/kg of BPA and 0.5 mg/kg DEHP + pelleted rodent feed. The rats were fed and water provided regularly for 30 days; finally, the animals were weighed and sacrificed by cranial dislocation. Result: BPA and DEHP resulted in significant (p < 0.05) weight losses, inflammation and fatty deposits in the liver, degenerated bowman capsule and glomeruli of the kidneys, lung oedem...

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the current method of choice for breast lesion diagnosis in Nigeria. The need to reappraise and advocate for the use of Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) in our tertiary health institutions is warranted by its adoption worldwide. A literature search using MEDLINE, Google SCHOLAR, PubMed and Acta cytological journal site are used in the reappraisal of the technique. Detailed evidence-based literature is used to discuss and review the modalities preferable for breast lesion diagnosis. Though, FNAC is easier to perform, but the interpretation requires vast experience, and it is often inconclusive. Specificity of CNB is higher as well as the positive predictive value for suspicious and especially atypical and fibroepithelial lesions. CNB is very sensitive and accurate, especially for lesions which are not definitively benign or malignant, non-palpable and/or calcified. It is, therefore, imperious that CNB is familiarized appropriately in our health insti...