Diálogos em torno da linha de costa: O oceano que nos une / Tomo IX da Rede BRASPOR, 2020
O confinamento de enseadas ou baías através do crescimento de restingas arenosas resulta, habitua... more O confinamento de enseadas ou baías através do crescimento de restingas arenosas resulta, habitualmente, na formação de sistemas lagunares paralelos à linha de costa. Tais ecossistemas, embora protegidos da incidência direta da agitação marítima, encontram-se em comunicação com o oceano e podem ser propícios para a produção de sal marinho quando localizados em médias e baixas latitudes. Tal evolução geomorfológica originou os sistemas lagunares analisados neste estudo: o de Aveiro, situado em Portugal, e o de Araruama, situado no Brasil. Em ambos, a exploração de sal marinho foi um dos principais vetores econômicos das populações alocadas no seu entorno. Este estudo pretende analisar comparativamente fatores que induziram a morfodinâmica nessas lagunas e para o progresso da salicultura nos ecossistemas em análise. Assim, teremos como mote o desenvolvimento dessa atividade econômica, bem como, as formas e os ritmos da exploração do sal. Evidencia-se neste estudo que apesar das diferenças quanto à localização geográfica, cronologias e formas de desenvolvimento geomorfológico dessas lagunas e dos ritmos de crescimento da exploração de sal, existem similitudes entre si. Em ambos os ecossistemas, a salicultura entra em decadência a partir da segunda metade do século XX, surgindo outras formas de aproveitamento das salinas, nem sempre ecologicamente sustentáveis. Procura-se, assim, evidenciar que apesar das diferenças entre os sistemas-alvo, os modelos de antropização nas áreas das salinas repercutiram e redundaram em problemas socioambientais semelhantes.
Palavras-chave: Zonas costeiras; Sistemas lagunares; recursos marinhos; salicultura.
ABSTRACT The confinement of inlet or bays, through the growth of sandy-spits, usually results in the formation of lagoons parallel to the coastline. These ecosystems protected against direct incidence of sea disturbance, when located in media and low latitudes and in communication with the ocean, can become areas of sea salt production. The lagoons considered in this study (Aveiro, in the west coast of Portugal and Araruama in Brazil) had their origin through the aforementioned geomorphological evolution and exhibited several characteristics leading to sea salt production. In fact, its exploitation was one of the main economic vectors for the surrounding populations in both case studies that analyze comparatively the factors inducing their morphodynamic modifications and the progress of salt production in these ecosystems. Therefore, the development of this economic activity will be analyzed, as well as the forms and rhythms of salt exploitation. Despite the differences regarding the geographic location, the chronologies and forms of lagoons geomorphological development and the growth rates of salt exploration, there are similarities. In both, salt culture decayed from the second half of the twentieth century onwards, emerging other uses, not always ecologically sustainable, to the salinas. Hence, despite differences between systems, the models of anthropization in their salinas have similar repercussions promoting analogous socioenvironmental problems.
Keywords: Coastal areas; lagoonal systems; marine resources; salt culture.
A região de Cabo Frio, área objeto deste estudo, está localizada na baixada litorânea do Estado d... more A região de Cabo Frio, área objeto deste estudo, está localizada na baixada litorânea do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As suas condições naturais, nomeadamente a existência do sistema lagunar de Araruama e a ocorrência do fenómeno da ressurgência no seu litoral, proporcionaram uma zona favorável à exploração de recursos marinhos, fomentando a fixação humana e o posterior desenvolvimento da pesca lagunar e costeira. Nesse sentido, a atividade apesar de ser praticada pelos povos indígenas estabelecidos na região, no século dezassete, com a efetivação da colonização portuguesa em Cabo Frio observou-se a sua intensificação e desenvolvimento. Tendo em conta as caraterísticas do meio no propiciar de recursos piscícolas, pretende-se analisar diacronicamente a evolução da prática piscatória na região, por meio da investigação de documentação histórica.
Palavras-chave: História Ambiental; Sistemas lagunares; Zonas costeiras; Recursos marinhos.
Abstract:
The Cabo Frio region, the object area of this study, is located in the coastal lowlands of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The natural conditions, such as the existence
of the Araruama lagoonal system and the occurrence of the resurgence phenomenon on the seashore, provided a rich area for exploitation of marine resources, promoting
human settlement and the subsequent development of lagoonal and coastal fishing. Despite the activity was accomplished by indigenous people established in the region, in the seventeen century, with the arrival of Portuguese settlers to Cabo Frio, its development was observed. Taking into account the characteristics of the environment in the provision of fish resources, we intend to analyse diachronically the evolution of the fishing practice, through the investigation of historical documentation.
Keywords: Environmental History; Lagoon systems; Coastal areas; Marine resources.
O Projeto de saude no Territorio (PST) consiste em uma estrategia de orientacao e organizacao do ... more O Projeto de saude no Territorio (PST) consiste em uma estrategia de orientacao e organizacao do trabalho de equipes de saude por meio da discussao das necessidades de saude no territorio (SILVA, 2016). E importante para identificacao de doencas prevalentes na populacao brasileira como Hipertensao Arterial Sistemica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus. A Hipertensao Arterial Sistemica e a mais frequente das doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis (DCNT) e a prevalencia do diabetes vem crescendo mundialmente, configurando-se atualmente como uma epidemia. A pesquisa objetivou caracterizar o perfil da comunidade e identificar a prevalencia dessas duas DCNT na populacao estudada. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, por meio de levantamento de dados, desenvolvido na Unidade de Atencao Primaria a Saude Jose Claudio Arpini, no municipio de Patos de Minas- MG, no ano de 2017. Coleta feita por meio de dados do controle de diabeticos e hipertensos das 7 microareas (MA) atendidas pela equipe LUA atraves dos...
This article analyzes the connections between environmental vulnerability of the mangrove forests... more This article analyzes the connections between environmental vulnerability of the mangrove forests of Garapuá (Bahia, Brazil) and the social vulnerability of the shellfish colectors and fishermen, from the tensions inflicted with the insertion of the oil industry. From an interdisciplinary perspective, it presents the interpretation of complex phenomena and integrated management of the environment, incorporating the opening of the human spirit to the vision of totality. The seizure of the dialectical logic of local socio-environmental processes was based on the characterization of mangrove forests, using quantitative methods, and integration with the research process through field observations and semi-structured interviews, from the point of view of the qualitative approach. The article aimed to demonstrate that interdisciplinary analysis strengthens the debate in different segments of society (companies, environmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, universities, communiti...
O presente artigo analisa a proposta de descentralização da gestão dos recursos hídricos no âmbit... more O presente artigo analisa a proposta de descentralização da gestão dos recursos hídricos no âmbito das microbacias hidrográficas, local onde se delimitam os problemas de âmbito municipal. Da análise do histórico da gestão das águas no país entende-se que os marcos legais estão inseridos em um processo de descentralização. A Constituição Federal de 1988 define que as águas são bens da União e Estados e, posteriormente, a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos institui as bacias hidrográficas como as unidades territoriais de gestão. Entretanto a fiscalização e a administração das bacias permanecem centralizadas e sem apresentar uma interconexão entre a utilização da água e os demais bens ambientais. Das atribuições municipais destacam-se a fiscalização do meio ambiente, a implantação da política agrícola, a criação de unidades de conservação e a gestão do território urbano. A incorporação dessas políticas em um zoneamento ambiental que insira a gestão das águas permite o melhor aprove...
ABSTRACT Soares, M.L.G.; Castro, E.M.N.V., and Pellegrini, J.A.C., 2020. Socioenvironmental aspec... more ABSTRACT Soares, M.L.G.; Castro, E.M.N.V., and Pellegrini, J.A.C., 2020. Socioenvironmental aspects related to mangrove forests under the influence of oil explotation activities in Northeastern Brazil: An interdisciplinary approach. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 88-91. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This study analyses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the connections between environmental vulnerability of the mangrove forests of Garapuá (Bahia, Brazil) and the social vulnerability of the shellfish collectors and fishermen, from the tensions inflicted with the insertion of the oil industry. It presents the interpretation of complex phenomena and integrated management of the environment, incorporating both the social and biological aspects. The analysis of local socioenvironmental processes was focused on the integration of (a) the characterization of mangrove forests structural types, by using quantitative methods, that allowed a classification of mangrove forests vulnerability to oil spill considering three components (susceptibility, sensitivity and resilience) and (b) the characterization of social tensions, through field observations and semi-structured interviews, from the point of view of the qualitative approach, that allows an analysis of the social vulnerability to changes in the community livelihoods, which are closely related to the health of the mangrove system. As a result of these analysis we found 12 Structural Types for the studied forests, comprising different levels of environmental vulnerability to oil spills. Regarding social context, some aspects related to health, education, income, transportation, religion and social organization that emerged from the interviews point to an evident fragility of the social structure. Besides this, the intense pressure for land occupation, coupled with the arrival of the oil industry, increases the vulnerability of these biological formations and, as a consequence, increases the vulnerability of the local community. The study also demonstrates that interdisciplinary analyses strengthen the debate in different segments of society (companies, environmental agencies, non-governmental organisations, universities, social groups, etc.) and, consequently, tends to foment the transformation of the socioenvironmental reality experienced by social groups without decision power.
Diálogos em torno da linha de costa: O oceano que nos une / Tomo IX da Rede BRASPOR, 2020
O confinamento de enseadas ou baías através do crescimento de restingas arenosas resulta, habitua... more O confinamento de enseadas ou baías através do crescimento de restingas arenosas resulta, habitualmente, na formação de sistemas lagunares paralelos à linha de costa. Tais ecossistemas, embora protegidos da incidência direta da agitação marítima, encontram-se em comunicação com o oceano e podem ser propícios para a produção de sal marinho quando localizados em médias e baixas latitudes. Tal evolução geomorfológica originou os sistemas lagunares analisados neste estudo: o de Aveiro, situado em Portugal, e o de Araruama, situado no Brasil. Em ambos, a exploração de sal marinho foi um dos principais vetores econômicos das populações alocadas no seu entorno. Este estudo pretende analisar comparativamente fatores que induziram a morfodinâmica nessas lagunas e para o progresso da salicultura nos ecossistemas em análise. Assim, teremos como mote o desenvolvimento dessa atividade econômica, bem como, as formas e os ritmos da exploração do sal. Evidencia-se neste estudo que apesar das diferenças quanto à localização geográfica, cronologias e formas de desenvolvimento geomorfológico dessas lagunas e dos ritmos de crescimento da exploração de sal, existem similitudes entre si. Em ambos os ecossistemas, a salicultura entra em decadência a partir da segunda metade do século XX, surgindo outras formas de aproveitamento das salinas, nem sempre ecologicamente sustentáveis. Procura-se, assim, evidenciar que apesar das diferenças entre os sistemas-alvo, os modelos de antropização nas áreas das salinas repercutiram e redundaram em problemas socioambientais semelhantes.
Palavras-chave: Zonas costeiras; Sistemas lagunares; recursos marinhos; salicultura.
ABSTRACT The confinement of inlet or bays, through the growth of sandy-spits, usually results in the formation of lagoons parallel to the coastline. These ecosystems protected against direct incidence of sea disturbance, when located in media and low latitudes and in communication with the ocean, can become areas of sea salt production. The lagoons considered in this study (Aveiro, in the west coast of Portugal and Araruama in Brazil) had their origin through the aforementioned geomorphological evolution and exhibited several characteristics leading to sea salt production. In fact, its exploitation was one of the main economic vectors for the surrounding populations in both case studies that analyze comparatively the factors inducing their morphodynamic modifications and the progress of salt production in these ecosystems. Therefore, the development of this economic activity will be analyzed, as well as the forms and rhythms of salt exploitation. Despite the differences regarding the geographic location, the chronologies and forms of lagoons geomorphological development and the growth rates of salt exploration, there are similarities. In both, salt culture decayed from the second half of the twentieth century onwards, emerging other uses, not always ecologically sustainable, to the salinas. Hence, despite differences between systems, the models of anthropization in their salinas have similar repercussions promoting analogous socioenvironmental problems.
Keywords: Coastal areas; lagoonal systems; marine resources; salt culture.
A região de Cabo Frio, área objeto deste estudo, está localizada na baixada litorânea do Estado d... more A região de Cabo Frio, área objeto deste estudo, está localizada na baixada litorânea do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As suas condições naturais, nomeadamente a existência do sistema lagunar de Araruama e a ocorrência do fenómeno da ressurgência no seu litoral, proporcionaram uma zona favorável à exploração de recursos marinhos, fomentando a fixação humana e o posterior desenvolvimento da pesca lagunar e costeira. Nesse sentido, a atividade apesar de ser praticada pelos povos indígenas estabelecidos na região, no século dezassete, com a efetivação da colonização portuguesa em Cabo Frio observou-se a sua intensificação e desenvolvimento. Tendo em conta as caraterísticas do meio no propiciar de recursos piscícolas, pretende-se analisar diacronicamente a evolução da prática piscatória na região, por meio da investigação de documentação histórica.
Palavras-chave: História Ambiental; Sistemas lagunares; Zonas costeiras; Recursos marinhos.
Abstract:
The Cabo Frio region, the object area of this study, is located in the coastal lowlands of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The natural conditions, such as the existence
of the Araruama lagoonal system and the occurrence of the resurgence phenomenon on the seashore, provided a rich area for exploitation of marine resources, promoting
human settlement and the subsequent development of lagoonal and coastal fishing. Despite the activity was accomplished by indigenous people established in the region, in the seventeen century, with the arrival of Portuguese settlers to Cabo Frio, its development was observed. Taking into account the characteristics of the environment in the provision of fish resources, we intend to analyse diachronically the evolution of the fishing practice, through the investigation of historical documentation.
Keywords: Environmental History; Lagoon systems; Coastal areas; Marine resources.
O Projeto de saude no Territorio (PST) consiste em uma estrategia de orientacao e organizacao do ... more O Projeto de saude no Territorio (PST) consiste em uma estrategia de orientacao e organizacao do trabalho de equipes de saude por meio da discussao das necessidades de saude no territorio (SILVA, 2016). E importante para identificacao de doencas prevalentes na populacao brasileira como Hipertensao Arterial Sistemica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus. A Hipertensao Arterial Sistemica e a mais frequente das doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis (DCNT) e a prevalencia do diabetes vem crescendo mundialmente, configurando-se atualmente como uma epidemia. A pesquisa objetivou caracterizar o perfil da comunidade e identificar a prevalencia dessas duas DCNT na populacao estudada. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, por meio de levantamento de dados, desenvolvido na Unidade de Atencao Primaria a Saude Jose Claudio Arpini, no municipio de Patos de Minas- MG, no ano de 2017. Coleta feita por meio de dados do controle de diabeticos e hipertensos das 7 microareas (MA) atendidas pela equipe LUA atraves dos...
This article analyzes the connections between environmental vulnerability of the mangrove forests... more This article analyzes the connections between environmental vulnerability of the mangrove forests of Garapuá (Bahia, Brazil) and the social vulnerability of the shellfish colectors and fishermen, from the tensions inflicted with the insertion of the oil industry. From an interdisciplinary perspective, it presents the interpretation of complex phenomena and integrated management of the environment, incorporating the opening of the human spirit to the vision of totality. The seizure of the dialectical logic of local socio-environmental processes was based on the characterization of mangrove forests, using quantitative methods, and integration with the research process through field observations and semi-structured interviews, from the point of view of the qualitative approach. The article aimed to demonstrate that interdisciplinary analysis strengthens the debate in different segments of society (companies, environmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, universities, communiti...
O presente artigo analisa a proposta de descentralização da gestão dos recursos hídricos no âmbit... more O presente artigo analisa a proposta de descentralização da gestão dos recursos hídricos no âmbito das microbacias hidrográficas, local onde se delimitam os problemas de âmbito municipal. Da análise do histórico da gestão das águas no país entende-se que os marcos legais estão inseridos em um processo de descentralização. A Constituição Federal de 1988 define que as águas são bens da União e Estados e, posteriormente, a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos institui as bacias hidrográficas como as unidades territoriais de gestão. Entretanto a fiscalização e a administração das bacias permanecem centralizadas e sem apresentar uma interconexão entre a utilização da água e os demais bens ambientais. Das atribuições municipais destacam-se a fiscalização do meio ambiente, a implantação da política agrícola, a criação de unidades de conservação e a gestão do território urbano. A incorporação dessas políticas em um zoneamento ambiental que insira a gestão das águas permite o melhor aprove...
ABSTRACT Soares, M.L.G.; Castro, E.M.N.V., and Pellegrini, J.A.C., 2020. Socioenvironmental aspec... more ABSTRACT Soares, M.L.G.; Castro, E.M.N.V., and Pellegrini, J.A.C., 2020. Socioenvironmental aspects related to mangrove forests under the influence of oil explotation activities in Northeastern Brazil: An interdisciplinary approach. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 88-91. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This study analyses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the connections between environmental vulnerability of the mangrove forests of Garapuá (Bahia, Brazil) and the social vulnerability of the shellfish collectors and fishermen, from the tensions inflicted with the insertion of the oil industry. It presents the interpretation of complex phenomena and integrated management of the environment, incorporating both the social and biological aspects. The analysis of local socioenvironmental processes was focused on the integration of (a) the characterization of mangrove forests structural types, by using quantitative methods, that allowed a classification of mangrove forests vulnerability to oil spill considering three components (susceptibility, sensitivity and resilience) and (b) the characterization of social tensions, through field observations and semi-structured interviews, from the point of view of the qualitative approach, that allows an analysis of the social vulnerability to changes in the community livelihoods, which are closely related to the health of the mangrove system. As a result of these analysis we found 12 Structural Types for the studied forests, comprising different levels of environmental vulnerability to oil spills. Regarding social context, some aspects related to health, education, income, transportation, religion and social organization that emerged from the interviews point to an evident fragility of the social structure. Besides this, the intense pressure for land occupation, coupled with the arrival of the oil industry, increases the vulnerability of these biological formations and, as a consequence, increases the vulnerability of the local community. The study also demonstrates that interdisciplinary analyses strengthen the debate in different segments of society (companies, environmental agencies, non-governmental organisations, universities, social groups, etc.) and, consequently, tends to foment the transformation of the socioenvironmental reality experienced by social groups without decision power.
O artigo traz o relato de experiências e impressões sobre ações solidárias desenvolvidas na regi... more O artigo traz o relato de experiências e impressões sobre ações solidárias desenvolvidas na região do Programa de Turismo Solidário do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas gerais, Brasil, partindo do pressuposto que o envolvimento dos atores sociais em práticas integrativas e solidárias estimula o sentimento de comunidade ao potencializar a união interpessoal dos sujeitos envolvidos no encontro. Com o objetivo de identificar os entraves e ressaltar as potencialidades dos encontros permeados pela solidariedade que aspiram ao desenvolvimento socioambiental local, esse estudo adota a pesquisa qualitativa consubstanciada na abordagem metodológica de observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e coleta de informações e dados que, analisados, revelam que os encontros permeados pela solidariedade e cooperação enfraquecem as práticas competitivas e aumentam o campo de possibilidades do sujeito ressignificar sua identidade e instaurar uma ética da responsabilidade.
Given the increased risks of water crises faced by several countries, environmental education eme... more Given the increased risks of water crises faced by several countries, environmental education emerges as an instrument to help finding solutions to water-related issues, along with local communities and different sectors of society. However, studies have indicated the methodological vulnerability of environmental education programs/projects focused on water resources management. Thus, the current study developed the System for the Evaluation of Environmental Education Programs and Projects focused on Water Resources Management (SAPEA-Água). It adopted a qualitative-quantitative approach, based on the combination of bibliographic research and content analysis of documents substantiating environmental education, in order to evaluate the contextualization, interdisciplinarity, participation, sustainability, communication and self-assessment level of environmental education programs/projects. SAPEA-Água can substantiate the evaluation process, as well as increase the number, quality and...
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Palavras-chave: Zonas costeiras; Sistemas lagunares;
recursos marinhos; salicultura.
ABSTRACT
The confinement of inlet or bays, through the growth of sandy-spits, usually results in the formation of lagoons parallel to the coastline. These ecosystems protected against direct incidence of sea disturbance, when located in media and low latitudes and in communication with the ocean, can become areas of sea salt production. The lagoons considered in this study (Aveiro, in the west coast of Portugal and Araruama in Brazil) had their origin through the aforementioned geomorphological evolution and exhibited several characteristics leading to sea salt production. In fact, its exploitation was one of the main economic vectors for the surrounding populations in both
case studies that analyze comparatively the factors inducing their morphodynamic modifications and the progress of salt production in these ecosystems. Therefore, the
development of this economic activity will be analyzed, as well as the forms and rhythms of salt exploitation. Despite the differences regarding the geographic location, the chronologies and forms of lagoons geomorphological development and the growth rates of salt exploration, there are similarities. In both, salt culture decayed from the second half of the twentieth century onwards, emerging other uses, not always ecologically sustainable, to the salinas. Hence, despite differences between systems, the models of anthropization in their salinas have similar repercussions promoting analogous socioenvironmental problems.
Keywords: Coastal areas; lagoonal systems; marine resources;
salt culture.
Palavras-chave: História Ambiental; Sistemas lagunares; Zonas costeiras; Recursos marinhos.
Abstract:
The Cabo Frio region, the object area of this study, is located in the coastal lowlands of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The natural conditions, such as the existence
of the Araruama lagoonal system and the occurrence of the resurgence phenomenon on the seashore, provided a rich area for exploitation of marine resources, promoting
human settlement and the subsequent development of lagoonal and coastal fishing. Despite the activity was accomplished by indigenous people established in the region, in the seventeen century, with the arrival of Portuguese settlers to Cabo Frio, its development was observed. Taking into account the characteristics of the environment in the provision of fish resources, we intend to analyse diachronically the evolution of the fishing practice, through the investigation of historical documentation.
Keywords: Environmental History; Lagoon systems; Coastal areas; Marine resources.
Palavras-chave: Zonas costeiras; Sistemas lagunares;
recursos marinhos; salicultura.
ABSTRACT
The confinement of inlet or bays, through the growth of sandy-spits, usually results in the formation of lagoons parallel to the coastline. These ecosystems protected against direct incidence of sea disturbance, when located in media and low latitudes and in communication with the ocean, can become areas of sea salt production. The lagoons considered in this study (Aveiro, in the west coast of Portugal and Araruama in Brazil) had their origin through the aforementioned geomorphological evolution and exhibited several characteristics leading to sea salt production. In fact, its exploitation was one of the main economic vectors for the surrounding populations in both
case studies that analyze comparatively the factors inducing their morphodynamic modifications and the progress of salt production in these ecosystems. Therefore, the
development of this economic activity will be analyzed, as well as the forms and rhythms of salt exploitation. Despite the differences regarding the geographic location, the chronologies and forms of lagoons geomorphological development and the growth rates of salt exploration, there are similarities. In both, salt culture decayed from the second half of the twentieth century onwards, emerging other uses, not always ecologically sustainable, to the salinas. Hence, despite differences between systems, the models of anthropization in their salinas have similar repercussions promoting analogous socioenvironmental problems.
Keywords: Coastal areas; lagoonal systems; marine resources;
salt culture.
Palavras-chave: História Ambiental; Sistemas lagunares; Zonas costeiras; Recursos marinhos.
Abstract:
The Cabo Frio region, the object area of this study, is located in the coastal lowlands of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The natural conditions, such as the existence
of the Araruama lagoonal system and the occurrence of the resurgence phenomenon on the seashore, provided a rich area for exploitation of marine resources, promoting
human settlement and the subsequent development of lagoonal and coastal fishing. Despite the activity was accomplished by indigenous people established in the region, in the seventeen century, with the arrival of Portuguese settlers to Cabo Frio, its development was observed. Taking into account the characteristics of the environment in the provision of fish resources, we intend to analyse diachronically the evolution of the fishing practice, through the investigation of historical documentation.
Keywords: Environmental History; Lagoon systems; Coastal areas; Marine resources.