Gil Rio

The TRIPS — Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights — agreement approved in 1994, in the context of the World Trade Organization, seeks harmonization of national Intellectual Property Rights systems to its norms. However, due to technological and economical asymmetries among poor and rich countries, some gaps in the Law and its lack of convergence with principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), makes the harmonization process very complex and, when applied, has caused harmful effects on the economy of many poor countries. In Brazil, one of the most visible consequences of the harmonization could be the appropriation of genetic resources of the Amazon region, and their illegal patenting, by foreign companies, without necessary transfer of technology or benefits to the source country. One more efficient and fair way to manage the harmonization process could be the approbation and implementation of a national law for access to genetic resources, including...

The approach based on localized agri-food systems (SYAL, from the French acronym) has brought about new perspectives for analysis of local productive arrangements, complementing and expanding the theoretical background of clusters and industrial districts. In addressing physical, institutional, cultural and relational factors, SYAL’s approach has enabled a more dynamic view of the processes underlying the creation, resilience and evolution of these arrangements. However, studies on this topic have only focused on some of these factors. This article aims to analyse how these factors interplay and are integrated into the consolidation of productive arrangements focused on improving the quality of local products. To that end, a case study was conducted in a wine arrangement in Montpeyroux, Southern France, which found synergies, complementarities and a reinforcement process involving these factors in the genesis and configuration of the arrangement, thus showing that methodologies that...

Since the nineties the Brazilian organic movements have been looking for alternatives to certification. They have argued that in and of itself or alone certification of family farms and small enterprise is not enough to promote either the learning processes associated with organic production or stimulate development of the local market. The discussion on a Brazilian System for Fair Trade began in 2004, and PGS were considered helpful for organizing farmers, providing guarantees and improving the market. In 2007, a draft of PGS regulation for use in organic was elaborated. The same actors who helped build the Organic System are also discussing Fair Trade System. With the help of public resources, NGOs and family farmers have established systems that provide credibility to consumers with regard to organic qualities and fair trade criteria. The use of PGS is a trend for family farmers trying to access quality markets and also helps participatory research. To some, one perceived challen...

O artigo discute alguns dos principais fatores que condicionam a agregacao de valor e a insercao mercadologica de produtos com indicacoes geograficas em paises em desenvolvimento, com base na experiencia brasileira. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a valorizacao de produtos com indicacoes geograficas e o desenvolvimento de mercados domesticos e internacionais para esses produtos, no contexto de paises em desenvolvimento, dependem de uma acao sinergica em tres niveis: a) da cadeia produtiva, com a negociacao de aliancas verticais e horizontais; b) da organizacao do setor IG, por meio da sua acao coletiva; e c) do Estado, com base no suporte a essas iniciativas e na promocao do conceito e dos produtos.

O enfoque dos sistemas agroalimentares localizados (Sial) tem oferecido novas perspectivas para a analise dos arranjos produtivos, complementando e ampliando os referenciais sobre clusters e distritos industriais. Por meio desse enfoque, a analise de fatores fisicos, institucionais, culturais e relacionais do territorio possibilita uma visao mais dinâmica dos processos subjacentes a criacao, persistencia e evolucao desses arranjos. Entretanto, os estudos sob esse enfoque tem enfatizado apenas alguns desses fatores. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi dialogar com esse enfoque a partir da analise de como esses fatores se articulam e se integram na consolidacao de arranjos produtivos voltados para a qualificacao de produtos locais. Para isso, analisou-se o caso de um arranjo vitivinicola situado em Montpeyroux, no sul da Franca. Verificou-se que houve sinergia, complementaridade e um processo de retroalimentacao desses fatores na genese e conformacao do arranjo, concluindo-se que metodologi...

Resumo: Indicações Geográficas constituem mecanismos de propriedade intelectual, diferenciação qualitativa e desenvolvimento territorial que vêm recebendo crescente atenção no Brasil. O artigo analisa o processo de governança e institucionalização desse mecanismo. A partir de pesquisa qualitativa conduzida por meio de revisão documental, observação participante dos espaços de gestão, e entrevistas com policy makers e stakeholders, o artigo identifica os múltiplos atores que participam da governança das IG, delimita suas posições em diferentes fóruns e tipifica os referenciais que orientam seus discursos e práticas. A partir disso, e tendo em vista as especificidades do contexto institucional brasileiro, discute as diferentes alternativas de governança participativa que têm sido propostas como espaços de mediação e construção de entendimentos entre as organizações públicas e privadas.

... html The institutionalization of Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) in Brazil: organic and fair trade initiatives ... Abstract Since the nineties the Brazilian organic movements have been looking for alternatives to certification. They ...