Heavy metal contamination in water is a major health concern, directly related to rapid growth in industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in agriculture. Keeping this in view, the present study has attempted to develop models... more
Heavy metal contamination in water is a major health concern, directly related to rapid growth in industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in agriculture. Keeping this in view, the present study has attempted to develop models for the process optimization of nanofiltration (NF) membrane and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for the removal of copper, nickel, and zinc from an aqueous solution, employing the response surface methodology (RSM). The variable factors were feed concentration, temperature, pH, and pressure for the NF membrane process; and time, solution pH, feed concentration, and current for the EC process, respectively. The central composite design (CCD), the most commonly used fractional factorial design, was employed to plan the experiments. RSM models were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the NF membrane, the rejection of Zn, Ni, and Cu was observed as 98.64%, 90.54%, and 99.79% respectively; while the removal of these through t...
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The global knowledge economy has put the focus on local centres of economic growth and depends on the capacity of institutions and organizations to continually reinvent and reconfigure themselves and their environment. In this context,... more
The global knowledge economy has put the focus on local centres of economic growth and depends on the capacity of institutions and organizations to continually reinvent and reconfigure themselves and their environment. In this context, certain parameters were taken into consideration for a better understanding of how institutions deploy their core resources and competencies towards IP creation and management. This paper examines some of the challenges faced in IP creation for India and suggests approach to effectively manage the knowledge capital. In particular, the objectives of the study are assessment and identification of issues in creation of IP in technical institutions, and finding appropriate measures to address these issues. India is fast emerging as a knowledge economy. There is a consensus among the leading thinkers that there is vast potential for the country in this field. India's relatively favourable demographic profile, a large proportion of English-speaking, sci...
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An investigation of the potential of γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) nanoparticles (MNPs) to remove AsV from groundwater is reported. The MNPs were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method via refluxing. The morphological and surface... more
An investigation of the potential of γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) nanoparticles (MNPs) to remove AsV from groundwater is reported. The MNPs were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method via refluxing. The morphological and surface characteristics of MNPs were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and Zetasizer techniques. Their AsV removal potential was explored in synthetic water representing the elemental composition equivalent to arsenic-contaminated groundwater of the Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The arsenic concentration in the samples collected from the study area was observed to be much more than the provisional WHO guideline value for drinking water (10 µg L−1). An orthogonal array L27 (313) of the Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to design the experiments and optimization of AsV removal. The ANN tool was trained to evaluate Taguchi’s outcomes using MATLAB. The percentage of ionic species distribution and surface complexation modeling was pe...
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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
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The Ganga River is facing mounting environmental pressures due to rapidly increasing human population, urbanisation, industrialisation and agricultural intensification, resulting in worsening water quality, ecological status and impacts... more
The Ganga River is facing mounting environmental pressures due to rapidly increasing human population, urbanisation, industrialisation and agricultural intensification, resulting in worsening water quality, ecological status and impacts on human health. A combined inorganic chemical, algal and bacterial survey (using flow cytometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing) along the upper and middle Ganga (from the Himalayan foothills to Kanpur) was conducted under pre-monsoon conditions. The upper Ganga had total phosphorus (TP) and total dissolved nitrogen concentrations of less than 100 μg l−1 and 1.0 mg l−1, but water quality declined at Kannauj (TP = 420 μg l−1) due to major nutrient pollution inputs from human-impacted tributaries (principally the Ramganga and Kali Rivers). The phosphorus and nitrogen loads in these two tributaries and the Yamuna were dominated by soluble reactive phosphorus and ammonium, with high bacterial loads and large numbers of taxa indicative of pathogen and faecal organisms, strongly suggesting sewage pollution sources. The high nutrient concentrations, low flows, warm water and high solar radiation resulted in major algal blooms in the Kali and Ramganga, which greatly impacted the Ganga. Microbial communities were dominated by members of the Phylum Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Cyanobacteria, with communities showing a clear upstream to downstream transition in community composition. To improve the water quality of the middle Ganga, and decrease ecological and human health risks, future mitigation must reduce urban wastewater inputs in the urbanised tributaries of the Ramganga, Kali and Yamuna Rivers.
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In this study, the water quality status of river Solani in India was assessed under the influence of urbanization. Physico-chemical and biological analysis of water reflected maximum adverse impact during summer low flow season. Variation... more
In this study, the water quality status of river Solani in India was assessed under the influence of urbanization. Physico-chemical and biological analysis of water reflected maximum adverse impact during summer low flow season. Variation in river flows during monsoon, post monsoon and low flow seasons was found to substantially affect the river water quality regime. Whereas the monsoon season displayed addition of suspended impurities and provided dilution in the dissolved components, the summer low flow season revealed an anaerobic condition in the river as the entire river flow comprised of only drain effluents. All the drains were observed to carry contaminated water with impurities from various point and non-point sources emanating from diverse human activities. The present study indicated that the drain waste water deserves a prior treatment in order to protect the Solani river water from pollution.
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Twenty first century will be the century of knowledge where innovation will be the key for the production as for well as processing of knowledge. It is well recognized that in coming times, sustained competitive advantage will depend... more
Twenty first century will be the century of knowledge where innovation will be the key for the production as for well as processing of knowledge. It is well recognized that in coming times, sustained competitive advantage will depend essentially on the ability of organizations to create, manage and market value-added, knowledge-based or intellectual assets to derive "first in the market" advantage. In spite of 1994 TRIPS agreement, the provision of technology transfer to the least developed countries has scarcely been translated into action resulting in an adverse impact on the pace of their development. The need of the hour is to have a closer look at the existing Knowledge Sharing and IP framework with an objective of rationalizing the same in the context of the developing countries. The present volume, which is a select compilation of peer reviewed papers at the recently held International Conference on "Knowledge Sharing and IP Management: Evolving Strategies in A...
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two-stage electro-coagulation (EC) process using multi-parameter optimization for treating bio-digested distillery spent wash by stainless steel (SS) and aluminum (Al)... more
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two-stage electro-coagulation (EC) process using multi-parameter optimization for treating bio-digested distillery spent wash by stainless steel (SS) and aluminum (Al) electrodes. Operating parameters have been optimized and treatment efficiency of SS and Al electrodes have been compared by central composite design of response surface analysis in terms of COD, color and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Individual and interactive effects of four independent parameters namely initial pH (pHo: 2-10 and 4-10 for SS and Al electrodes, respectively), current density (j: 30.86-154.32 A m(-2)), inter-electrode distance (g: 0.5-2.5 cm) and electrolysis time (t: 30-150 min) on the COD, color and TOC removal efficiency were evaluated for both the electrodes. SS electrode was found to be more effective for the removal of COD, color and TOC with removal efficiencies of 70%, 93% and 72%, respectively, as compared to Al electrode...
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In this study, the water quality status of river Solani in India was assessed under the influence of urbanization. Physico-chemical and biological analysis of water reflected maximum adverse impact during summer low flow season. Variation... more
In this study, the water quality status of river Solani in India was assessed under the influence of urbanization. Physico-chemical and biological analysis of water reflected maximum adverse impact during summer low flow season. Variation in river flows during monsoon, post monsoon and low flow seasons was found to substantially affect the river water quality regime. Whereas the monsoon season displayed addition of suspended impurities and provided dilution in the dissolved components, the summer low flow season revealed an anaerobic condition in the river as the entire river flow comprised of only drain effluents. All the drains were observed to carry contaminated water with impurities from various point and non-point sources emanating from diverse human activities. The present study indicated that the drain waste water deserves a prior treatment in order to protect the Solani river water from pollution.
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The present work targets the unconfined aquifer in a tropical study area exhibiting agro-urban land use. The values of nitrate generally lie within the permissible drinking water limits. The total concentration of pesticides of the... more
The present work targets the unconfined aquifer in a tropical study area exhibiting agro-urban land use. The values of nitrate generally lie within the permissible drinking water limits. The total concentration of pesticides of the groundwater samples in the study area, however, was found to exceed the permissible limits at most of the sampling sites. The majority of the central and southeastern parts of the study area emerged as the most vulnerable as evaluated by the DRASTIC index. According to the GUS classification, the most mobile of the pesticides applied in the study area is dimethoate. This pesticide was applied at the experimental farm for wheat cultivation, and its dissipation was simulated by employing the PRZM3 model. The model predicted its half-life as 7 days in soil and showed almost complete dissipation in surficial soils within one year after application.
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Parts of the area falling under Purna river basin in Amaravati district of Maharashtra are characterized by the groundwater salinity problem. The Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency of Maharashtra state (India) took up an “Induced... more
Parts of the area falling under Purna river basin in Amaravati district of Maharashtra are characterized by the groundwater salinity problem. The Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency of Maharashtra state (India) took up an “Induced Recharge Project” ...
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Arsenic rarely occurs in free state and is generally found in combination with Sulphur, Oxygen and Iron. In the environment, Arsenic occurs as a result of several inputs that contain this element in organic and inorganic forms. Arsenic is... more
Arsenic rarely occurs in free state and is generally found in combination with Sulphur, Oxygen and Iron. In the environment, Arsenic occurs as a result of several inputs that contain this element in organic and inorganic forms. Arsenic is present in Coal, Lead, Zinc, Gold and Copper ores in the form of several minerals viz. Arsenopyrite (FeAsS), Orpiment (As2S3), Realgar (AsS), Arsenolite (As2O3) and Lollingite (FeAs2). The commonly existing species in groundwater are in two forms viz. Arsenite [As(III)] which is the reduced state of inorganic Arsenic and Arsenate [As(V)], which is the oxidized state of inorganic Arsenic, The As(III) form is more mobile and toxic for living organisms. Recently, the symptoms of chronic arsenic poisoning have been observed in many parts of West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh. In the present study, an integrated evaluation of hydrogeology and hydrochemistry has been carried out by processing the available data of Yamuna sub-basin (Part of Nadia and Nort...
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In this paper, a thorough investigation has been done to evaluate the effects of different pollutants on membrane performance by autopsy. Autopsy was performed on fresh and fouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane elements from a distillery... more
In this paper, a thorough investigation has been done to evaluate the effects of different pollutants on membrane performance by autopsy. Autopsy was performed on fresh and fouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane elements from a distillery spent wash treatment plant by different analyses, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, to identify the cause of poor performance of an RO plant. Results obtained from the analysis of membranes indicate that a mixture of colloids and organic matters (polysaccharides and amines) along with the presence of multivalent ions (Ca, Mg, Fe and SO4) causes membrane fouling, which in turn affects membrane performance. Possible measures to improve treated effluent quality and mitigate fouling have been suggested for this particular case study.
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Photonirvachak Journal of the Indian Soeiety of Remote Sensing, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1996 ... Quantification of Suspended Solids in Dal Lake, ... MM WANI*, VK CHOUBEY** and HIMANSHU JOSH]* *Public Health Engineering Dept., Anantnag, J&K... more
Photonirvachak Journal of the Indian Soeiety of Remote Sensing, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1996 ... Quantification of Suspended Solids in Dal Lake, ... MM WANI*, VK CHOUBEY** and HIMANSHU JOSH]* *Public Health Engineering Dept., Anantnag, J&K **National Institute of Hydrology, University ...
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In the present article, studies have been performed on the electrochemical (EC) oxidation of actual textile industry wastewater by graphite electrodes. Multi-response optimization of four independent parameters namely initial pH (pHo):... more
In the present article, studies have been performed on the electrochemical (EC) oxidation of actual textile industry wastewater by graphite electrodes. Multi-response optimization of four independent parameters namely initial pH (pHo): 4-10, current density (j): 27.78-138.89 A/m(2), NaCl concentration (w): 0-2 g/L and electrolysis time (t): 10-130 min have been performed using Box-Behnken (BB) experimental design. It was aimed to simultaneously maximize the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiencies and minimize specific energy consumption using desirability function approach. Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value for COD (R(2) = 0.8418), color (R(2) = 0.7010) and specific energy (R(2) = 0.9125) between the experimental values and the predicted values by a second-order regression model. Maximum COD and color removal and minimum specific energy consumed was 90.78%, 96.27% and 23.58 kWh/kg COD removed, respectively, were observed at optimum conditions. The wastewater, sludge and scum obtained after treatment at optimum condition have been characterized by various techniques. UV-visible study showed that all azo bonds of the dyes present in the wastewater were totally broken and most of the aromatic rings were mineralized during EC oxidation with graphite electrode. Carbon balance showed that out of the total carbon eroded from the graphite electrodes, 27-29.2% goes to the scum, 71.1-73.3% goes into the sludge and rest goes to the treated wastewater. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the generated sludge and scum can be dried and used as a fuel in the boilers/incinerators.
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... The density is also several times higher than the Indian average (267). ... There is a steeper rise in the commercial and domestic connections in the last decade in comparison to industrial and street lighting. ... 4. Impact of... more
... The density is also several times higher than the Indian average (267). ... There is a steeper rise in the commercial and domestic connections in the last decade in comparison to industrial and street lighting. ... 4. Impact of Developmental Trends on Environment 4.1. ...
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Nanotechnology is an emerging science that has shown promise in humanizing various life facets ranging from medicine to industrial materials. One such application of nanotechnology is for the remediation of contaminated groundwater.... more
Nanotechnology is an emerging science that has shown promise in humanizing various life facets ranging from medicine to industrial materials. One such application of nanotechnology is for the remediation of contaminated groundwater. Groundwater pollution is becoming a ...
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Abstract: A dye dispersion study conducted for the study reach during low flows has been resolved to provide information on the dispersion coefficient (DL) of the Hindon river. Logistic reasons often constrain the field study for this... more
Abstract: A dye dispersion study conducted for the study reach during low flows has been resolved to provide information on the dispersion coefficient (DL) of the Hindon river. Logistic reasons often constrain the field study for this parameter, considered crucial for any water quality ...
Environmental Evaluation of Sewage Irrigation System, Roorkee, India. Rajendra Bhatnagar, Himanshu Joshi, DC Singhal Journal of Environmental Hydrology 12, 2004. Irrigation is one of the widely accepted uses of sewage ...
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... The impact of these industries is visible in terms both of economic growth of the region as well the water quality of the rivers, as assessed by several researchers (ie Lokesh 1996; Ghosh and McBean ... Operative industries... more
... The impact of these industries is visible in terms both of economic growth of the region as well the water quality of the rivers, as assessed by several researchers (ie Lokesh 1996; Ghosh and McBean ... Operative industries discharging into the study stretch (Source: Mahajan, 2002 ...
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Sewage irrigation, without proper treatment can cause groundwater contamination and accumulation of heavy metals and toxic orgamcs in soils and water In Roorkee town of District Handwar (Uttaranchal) the major source of water supply is... more
Sewage irrigation, without proper treatment can cause groundwater contamination and accumulation of heavy metals and toxic orgamcs in soils and water In Roorkee town of District Handwar (Uttaranchal) the major source of water supply is from groundwater resources for its populace and for industrial uses The ongoing practice of sewage irrigation of crops in the Sahar farms just upstream of Roorkee town seems to have a potential for polluting the shallow groundwater resources of the area through leachate transport from the sewage farms The present study indicates that there is some adverse impact of sewage irrigation on the groundwater quality in the upper aquifer in the vicinity of the waste disposal areas in and around Roorkee town warranting further detailed studies.
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Rainwater samples during the monsoon of 2001 and 2002 were collected from Roorkee urban area, a medium sized town group situated on the right bank of Solani River, a tributary of the Ganga River, near the Himalayan foothills and... more
Rainwater samples during the monsoon of 2001 and 2002 were collected from Roorkee urban area, a medium sized town group situated on the right bank of Solani River, a tributary of the Ganga River, near the Himalayan foothills and analyzed for EC, pH, TSS, TDS and major ...
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Abstract. A multi-disciplinary research programme on the Ganga River Ecosystem was launched by the Government of India in 1983 to collect information on its attributes. Monitoring of the initial 509 km unpolluted and unmonitored region of... more
Abstract. A multi-disciplinary research programme on the Ganga River Ecosystem was launched by the Government of India in 1983 to collect information on its attributes. Monitoring of the initial 509 km unpolluted and unmonitored region of the river falling in partly mountainous and ...
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The growing concern for river water pollution in India is witnessing several initiatives from nodal agencies in terms of water pollution control. In a similar context, a need for a supportive platform is envisaged that takes care of... more
The growing concern for river water pollution in India is witnessing several initiatives from nodal agencies in terms of water pollution control. In a similar context, a need for a supportive platform is envisaged that takes care of management perspectives, feasible for Indian conditions. In this paper the most generic DSS has been proposed that caters to the requirement of