- Chemistry, Applied Chemistry, Advanced Higher Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Catalysis, and 18 moreSynthesis of nanoparticles, Environmental Chemistry, Materials Science, Polymers, Nanoscience, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Physical, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles, Current Organic Chemistry, Engineering, Technology, Education, Chemical Engineering, Physics, Biology, Nanotechnology, and Inorganic Chemistryedit
- International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts ... moreInternational Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemistry.edit
The organophosphorus class of compounds has several usages nowadays. Some halogenated organophosphorus are used as flame retardants, and others are used as pesticides worldwide. In the last case, those compounds are subject to law... more
The organophosphorus class of compounds has several usages nowadays. Some halogenated organophosphorus are used as flame retardants, and others are used as pesticides worldwide. In the last case, those compounds are subject to law regulation. They are now used as chemical weapons in many wars and terrorist attacks. Due to this variety of usages and the high toxicity of such compounds, the study of the proper treatment for residues containing those substances is significant to prevent the degradation of soil, water, and the atmosphere. For these reasons, the present study conducted numeric simulations of the incineration of organophosphorus compounds using kinetic models of combustion and pyrolysis found in the literature. The study of the degradation of this class of substances and the pollutant formation was made by simulating a homogeneous zeroth-order reactor and a continuous stirred tank reactor model. Due to the results of the simulations, the degradation made with the batch mode operation is efficient in the degradation of the substances considered in this work. The stream-containing process products have CO2, CO, HF, HOPO, and HOPO2. The three last cited have no determination about the emission ranges in the legislation, but their concentrations indicate the necessity of treatment for them. Furthermore, it was possible to evaluate the negative influence of the hydrocarbon used as fuel and the presence of CO2 in the degradation of the organophosphate compounds.
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International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practicaland theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution... more
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practicaland theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development ofChemistry.
Research Interests:
With increasing industrialization, rapid economic development, and an ever-growing population, the problem of water pollution and water scarcity is increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that more than 800,000 annual diarrheal... more
With increasing industrialization, rapid economic development, and an ever-growing population, the problem of water pollution and water scarcity is increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that more than 800,000 annual diarrheal deaths are attributed to unsafe water usage. Furthermore, traditional wastewater treatment technologies, such as adsorption, chlorination, and biochemical methods are difficult to utilize for treating wastewater at low concentration for they lead to high toxicity. However, Nano TiO2-based photocatalytic technology is a new highefficiency and energy-saving alternative because NanoTiO2 can degrade organic pollutants into non-toxic compounds such as CO2 and H2O under the sunlight. Nonetheless, separating and recycling Nano TiO2 from water remains to be a huge challenge. Therefore, we prepared PVA-Nano TiO2 foam at high speed stirring, film laying, drying, and thermal crosslinking to embed in PVA for reuse and recycle. The morphology, structure, and photocatalytic performance of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam were characterized in detail by SEM, TGA, FTIR, UV-Vis, and so on. The results show the cell size of the foam is about 0.2-0.5 mm, and the swelling degree of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam is about 600%. The TiO2 nanoparticles also have no effect on thermal crosslinking of PVA. Under sunlight, the PVA-Nano TiO2 foam possesses photocatalytic activity that is higher than that of non-porous PVANano TiO2 film due to the higher permeability of water and impurity with higher porosity. In addition, the PVANano TiO2 foam exhibits good reusability under multi-cycle use. Thus, this novel design of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam is simple, eco-friendly, and effective with potential practical application value.
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Pollution resulting from unsustainable agricultural and urbanization activities in the Ruhezamyenda and Bunyonyi catchments are threatening lake Bunyonyi. These have led to high chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity,... more
Pollution resulting from unsustainable agricultural and urbanization activities in the Ruhezamyenda and Bunyonyi catchments are threatening lake Bunyonyi. These have led to high chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH, iron (II) concentration and low dissolved oxygen (DO5). In this study we have investigated the how COD, turbidity, pH, concentration of iron, total suspended solids, total nutrients and DO5 of water changed with distance in lake. Water sampled from different distances in the lake filtered using Whatman paper at ambient temperatures was tested for COD, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total nutrients, iron, hardness and DO5. COD was 20.
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Water quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply. Securing adequate freshwater quality for both human and ecological needs is thus an important aspect of integrated environmental management and sustainable... more
Water quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply. Securing adequate freshwater quality for both human and ecological needs is thus an important aspect of integrated environmental management and sustainable development. To represent water quality in a lucid way different water quality indices for water quality assessment are used which aim at giving a single value to the water quality of a source reducing great amount of parameters into a simpler expression and enabling easy interpretation of monitoring data. In this review, various water quality indices (WQI) used for assessing surface water quality are discussed. As different National and International Agencies involved in water quality assessment and pollution control defines water quality criteria for different uses of water considering different indicator parameters, so there are numerous WQI specific to any region or area. An attempt to cover different water quality indices developed worldwide, their background and application area has been discussed here.
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental... more
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemistry.
Research Interests:
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental... more
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemistry.
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Theoretical Physics, Materials Science, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and 15 moreComputational Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Chemical Education, Medicinal Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Catalysis, Environmental Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Polymers, Chemical Physics, Chemical Reaction Engineering, Organic Synthesis, and Nanoscience
6 th International Conference on Chemical Engineering (Cheme 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Chemical Engineering.... more
6 th International Conference on Chemical Engineering (Cheme 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Chemical Engineering. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemical Engineering. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas Chemical Engineering.
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International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental... more
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemistry.
Research Interests: Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Human Computer Interaction, Theoretical Physics, Materials Science, and 15 moreAnalytical Chemistry, Computational Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Speech Synthesis, Social Networking, Multimedia, Catalysis, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Polymers, Nanoscience, Interactive Learning, Adult Learning Theories and Character Analysis, and Chemical Physics 1
Scope 5 th International Conference on Chemical Engineering (CHEME 2021) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Chemical... more
Scope 5 th International Conference on Chemical Engineering (CHEME 2021) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Chemical Engineering. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemical Engineering. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas Chemical Engineering.Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to.
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Environmental Science, Chemistry, Environmental Education, Energy, and 7 moreProcess Systems Engineering, Energy and Environment, Catalysis and Reaction Engineering, Polumers, Biotechnology and Bio-Systems Engineering, Materials Engineering / Nanotechnology /Polymer, and Transport, Colloids, and Interface Science
With increasing industrialization, rapid economic development, and an ever-growing population, the problem of water pollution and water scarcity is increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that more than 800,000 annual diarrheal... more
With increasing industrialization, rapid economic development, and an ever-growing population, the problem of water pollution and water scarcity is increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that more than 800,000 annual diarrheal deaths are attributed to unsafe water usage. Furthermore, traditional wastewater treatment technologies, such as adsorption, chlorination, and biochemical methods are difficult to utilize for treating wastewater at low concentration for they lead to high toxicity. However, Nano TiO2-based photocatalytic technology is a new high-efficiency and energy-saving alternative because NanoTiO2 can degrade organic pollutants into non-toxic compounds such as CO2 and H2O under the sunlight. Nonetheless, separating and recycling Nano TiO2 from water remains to be a huge challenge. Therefore, we prepared PVA-Nano TiO2 foam at high speed stirring, film laying, drying, and thermal crosslinking to embed in PVA for reuse and recycle. The morphology, structure, and photocatalytic performance of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam were characterized in detail by SEM, TGA, FTIR, UV-Vis, and so on. The results show the cell size of the foam is about 0.2-0.5 mm, and the swelling degree of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam is about 600%. The TiO2 nanoparticles also have no effect on thermal crosslinking of PVA. Under sunlight, the PVA-Nano TiO2 foam possesses photocatalytic activity that is higher than that of non-porous PVA-Nano TiO2 film due to the higher permeability of water and impurity with higher porosity. In addition, the PVA-Nano TiO2 foam exhibits good reusability under multi-cycle use. Thus, this novel design of PVA-Nano TiO2 foam is simple, eco-friendly, and effective with potential practical application value.
Research Interests:
The most important factor in the decision to adopt mobile systems is user perception of their value. However, behavioral theory suggests that context affects user attitude and therefore influences acceptance. We therefore hypothesized... more
The most important factor in the decision to adopt mobile systems is user perception of their value. However, behavioral theory suggests that context affects user attitude and therefore influences acceptance. We therefore hypothesized that the benefits of mobile systems should be evaluated against users' contextual needs and that reduced dependence on time and place required providing service at any time and place needed by the user. Mental costs or costs of learning to use the system, however, may not be evaluated in the same way, because system use and learning about it are acts with different contexts. Our findings advance knowledge of IT adoption and suggest that we should start to identify the contexts of both the benefits of use and in learning to use the system.
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International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental... more
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemistry.
Research Interests:
The deactivation of nickel hydroxide films after prolonged storage times without use was studied. This study was carried out in the context of the Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry (RDEV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)... more
The deactivation of nickel hydroxide films after prolonged storage times without use was studied. This study was carried out in the context of the Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry (RDEV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) when the nickel hydroxide film contacts an electroactive solution and a redox reaction occurs at the Au-Ni(OH) 2 |electrolyte interface. Deferasirox (4-(3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) benzoic acid) was employed as redox species in solution. Limiting currents vs. electrode rotation rate dependences allowed one to obtain variation of the charge transport rate on the storage time. EIS was employed to obtain a more complete series of charge-transport parameters, that is, electron and ion diffusion coefficients and different interfacial resistances related to the gold/nickel hydroxide and nickel hydroxide/solution interfaces. Keywords Nickel hydroxide films; charge transport parameters; ion and electron diffusion coefficients; gold/nickel hydroxide and nickel hydroxide/solution interfacial resistances
Research Interests:
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy... more
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy is used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance mutants during the long duration of treatment. Resistance can be defined as single-drug, multi-drugs, depending on the number of drugs and/or which drugs are involved. The drug resistance tuberculosis more prevalent, lack the resources to implement adequate measures to control even the susceptible types of the disease. A high prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, previous treatment for TB predisposes to the selection of multi drug resistance organisms and non-compliance is a major factor in allowing the resistant organisms to survive.
Research Interests:
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy... more
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy is used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance mutants during the long duration of treatment. Resistance can be defined as single-drug, multi-drugs, depending on the number of drugs and/or which drugs are involved. The drug resistance tuberculosis more prevalent, lack the resources to implement adequate measures to control even the susceptible types of the disease. A high prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, previous treatment for TB predisposes to the selection of multi drug resistance organisms and non-compliance is a major factor in allowing the resistant organisms to survive.
Research Interests:
The E-51 epoxy resin was modified by PTMG toughener. The resin was cured under high temperature methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP) shows that PTMG significantly reduced the glass... more
The E-51 epoxy resin was modified by PTMG toughener. The resin was cured under high temperature
methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP)
shows that PTMG significantly reduced the glass transition temperature of test results shows that the presence of PTMG in the cured material increased maximum impact strength was achieved
modulus, flexural strength, and fle smaller than the valve value, PTMG increased the cured material’s tensile and flexural strength as well as its tensile and flexural modulus. While the mass fraction of PTMG was larger than increase of the mass fraction of PTMG reduced the cured material’s strength and modulus.
methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP)
shows that PTMG significantly reduced the glass transition temperature of test results shows that the presence of PTMG in the cured material increased maximum impact strength was achieved
modulus, flexural strength, and fle smaller than the valve value, PTMG increased the cured material’s tensile and flexural strength as well as its tensile and flexural modulus. While the mass fraction of PTMG was larger than increase of the mass fraction of PTMG reduced the cured material’s strength and modulus.
Research Interests: Polymer Engineering, Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Educational Research, Macromolecular Chemistry & Technology, and 15 moreNanomaterials, Molecular Biochemistry, Polymers, Advanced Materials, Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography, Simulation, Chemistry Educational Research, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Diepoxides Synthesis and Their Curing Kinetics, Epoxy, Epoxy Resins, Nano Thermal Barrier Coatings and its Corrosion at high temperatures, Chemical industry, popular resistance, Toughness Epoxy Resin, and Flexural and Split Tensile Strengths
Water quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply. Securing adequate freshwater quality for both human and ecological needs is thus an important aspect of integrated environmental management and sustainable... more
Water quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply. Securing adequate freshwater quality for both human and ecological needs is thus an important aspect of integrated environmental management and sustainable development. To represent water quality in a lucid way different water quality indices for water quality assessment are used which aim at giving a single value to the water quality of a source reducing great amount of parameters into a simpler expression and enabling easy interpretation of monitoring data. In this review, various water quality indices (WQI) used for assessing surface water quality are discussed. As different National and International Agencies involved in water quality assessment and pollution control defines water quality criteria for different uses of water considering different indicator parameters, so there are numerous WQI specific to any region or area. An attempt to cover different water quality indices developed worldwide, their background and application area has been discussed here. 1. INTRODUCTION Water is the prime natural resource. Acknowledging the vital importance of this scarce resource for human and animal life, as well as for maintaining ecological balance for economic and developmental activities of all kinds is a matter of utmost concern.In recent times, there has been a tremendous increase in demand for freshwater and water shortage in arid and semiarid regions due to population increase, urbanization, industrialization, and intense agricultural activities in many parts of world. Due to inadequate supply of surface waters, most of the people are depending mainly on groundwater resources for drinking and domestic, industrial, and irrigation uses. Innumerable large towns and many cities derive water supply from groundwater and surface water for different uses through municipality network and also from large number of private boreholes. Regular water quality monitoring of the water resources are absolutely necessary to assess the quality of water for ecosystem health and hygiene, industrial use, agricultural use and domestic use.Assessment of water quality can be a complex process undertaking multiple parameters capable of causing various stresses on overall water quality [8]. To evaluate water quality from a large number of samples, each containing concentrations for many parameters is difficult [2]. Traditional approaches to assessing water quality are based on the comparison of experimentally determined parameter values with the existing guidelines [19]. So, water quality indices are such approaches which minimises the data volume to a great extent and simplifies the expression of water quality status. Water quality index can be evaluated on the basis of various physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Numerous water quality indices have been formulated all over the world which can easily judge out the overall water quality within a particular area promptly and efficiently. For example, US National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI), British Columbia Water Quality Index (BCWQI), and Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) [1][35][40][63]. These indices are based on the comparison of the water
Research Interests:
Porous material in contact with vapor tends to adsorb fluid in the pores. The amount of adsorbed fluid depends on the vapor pressure, but depends in some parameter ranges as well on the history of the system. When raising the vapor... more
Porous material in contact with vapor tends to adsorb fluid in the pores. The amount of adsorbed fluid depends on the vapor pressure, but depends in some parameter ranges as well on the history of the system. When raising the vapor pressure the adsorption may be smaller than while lowering the pressure. Thus, the measured adsorption isotherm consists of two branches that appear stable on the time scale of experiments. The phenomenon is known as adsorption hysteresis and has been extensively discussed in the literature as it is in distinct contrast to the expectations of thermodynamics:the system has more than one answer to one set of boundary conditions (here: grand canonical boundary conditions). The common explanation offered in the literature introduces the concept of metastable states, conceiving either or both branches of the isothermas being metastable. Even though the concept of metastability cannot be separated from the concept of a lifetime against decay into the corresponding ground state, this aspect is usually not discussed in the literature. Within the adsorption community it is agreed upon that the concept of metastable states brings the experimental findings in harmony with the theory of thermodynamics while the lifetime of the conceived metastable states is disregarded. In the present paper we challenge this notion. We argue that the characteristic lifetime sys τ of a system against decay into its ground state must be compared with the duration exp τ of the experimental technique employed to investigate the behavior of the system. Based on experimental evidence and based on previous theoretical results we find that the relation exp τ τ >> sys holds for typical adsorption systems. As thermodynamics is founded on the assumption exp τ τ << sys it cannot be the appropriate theory for describing adsorption systems.Several schemes found in the literature seem to provide such a time dependent approach. Our analysis, however, shows that neither of these attempts describes the time dependence in a realistic way. Thus, we have to conclude that no valid theory for the propagation of adsorption systems in time has emerged yet. We propose to develop a new generally valid time dependent theory for confined systems whose time independent limit for 0 exp → sys τ τ would be suited to handle adsorption systems. Keywords: adsorption hysteresis ⋅ lifetime of metastable states ⋅ time dependent theory
Research Interests: Thermodynamics, Analytical Chemistry, Quantum Mechanics, Time-dependent density functional theory, Adsorption, and 9 moreHysteresis, Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Dependency Theory, Corneal Hysteresis, Hysteresis Band Current Controller, Photoelectronic Sensors, Metastable States, and Nucleation Theory. Bubble
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental... more
International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Chemistry. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Chemistry.
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Environmental Analytical Chemistry, and 9 moreAnalytical Chemistry- Chemical sensors, Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds, Organic Synthesis and Asymmetric Catalysis, THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Analytical/inorganic Chemistry, Organic Synthesis. Catalysis, Organometallics, Physical chemistry and chemical physics, and Materials, Polymers & Nanoscience
Mono and bi-organometallic complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with oxaloamide ligand has much potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The ligand allows the thermodynamic and kinetic reactivity of the... more
Mono and bi-organometallic complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with oxaloamide ligand has much potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The ligand allows the thermodynamic and kinetic reactivity of the metal ion to be controlled and also provide a scaffold for functionalization. Specific examples involving the design of metal complexes as anticancer agents are discussed. These complexes have been synthesized and characterized by (1H-NMR, mass, IR, UV-VIS, ESR) spectra, magnetic moments and conductance measurements, elemental and thermal analyses. Molar conductances in DMF solution indicates that, the complexes are non-electrolytes. The ESR spectra of solid Cu(II) complexes (2-5) show an axial type indicating a d(X2-y2) ground state with a significant covalent bond character. However, Mn(II) complex(9), shows an isotropic type indicating an octahedral geometry. Cytotoxic evolution IC50 of the ligand and its complexes have been carried out. Cu(II) Complexes show enhanced activity in comparison to the parent ligand or standard drug. Copper is enriched in various human cancer tissues and is a co-factor essential for tumor angiogenesis processes. However, the use of copper binding ligand to target tumor, copper could provide a novel strategy for cancer selective treatment.
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, EPR, ESR, and 9 moreCytotoxicity, Organic Synthesis, Schiff bases, Physical, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds, THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Complexes, Computational and Theoretical chemistry, and Materials, Polymers & Nanoscience
Water pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the world. In developing countries, contaminated water has frequently caused water diseases. Today, water borne toxic chemicals (anions and heavy metal ions) and... more
Water pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the world. In developing countries, contaminated water has frequently caused water diseases. Today, water borne toxic chemicals (anions and heavy metal ions) and biological pollutants pose a great threat to the safety of water supplies. Currently, the quality of groundwater with respect to pollutants is of great concern. Modified Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) reactor will be a good groundwater treatment technology in the near future, it is used for excellent removal of heavy metals, anions, organic pollutants and harmful microbes, and also the reactor has advantages like low cost, easy to apply and satisfaction level. In order to achieve these objectives, treatment scheme has been investigated. It consists of mixing organic chelator with impure groundwater in different concentrations followed by a downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor. In the presence of 0.5 g/L of the chelator, the average removal of total NO 3 and NO 2 and (total dissolved solids) TDS are respectively 72%, 62% and 75%. The results show that, when Cd treated with chelator, the amount decreases from 0.0063 to 0.0 mgL-1 (100%) after 1 h, Cu decreases from 0.0023 to 0.0 mgL-1 (100%) after 1 h, Fe decreases from 0.4 to 0.0 mgL-1 (100%) after 1 h, Mn decreases from 0.3 to 0.0 mgL-1 (100%) after 1 h and Zn decreases from 0.012 to 0.0 mgL-1 (100%) after 1 h. Also, the results show removal of fecal coliform. Decreased from 50 to 0 and the overall removal efficiency of fecal coliform is (100%).
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Organic Synthesis/ Drug Discovery/ Organic and Biological Chemistry, and 6 moreSynthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds, Iron Chelator in Thalassemia, Toxic Chemicals, Fecal Coliforms, Materials, Polymers & Nanoscience, and DHS reactor
This paper shows modeling of highly nonlinear polymerization process using the artificial neural network approach for the model predictive purposes. Polymerization occurs in a fluidized bed polypropylene reactor using Ziegler-Natta... more
This paper shows modeling of highly nonlinear polymerization process using the artificial neural network approach for the model predictive purposes. Polymerization occurs in a fluidized bed polypropylene reactor using Ziegler-Natta catalyst and the main objective was modeling of the reactor production rate. The data set used for an identification of the model is a real process data received from an existing polypropylene plant and the identified model is a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with the exogenous input. Performance of a trained network has been verified using the real process data and the ability of the production rate prediction is shown in the conclusion.
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds, and 4 moreTHEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Physical chemistry and chemical physics, International Journal of Advances in Chemistry (IJAC), and Materials, Polymers & Nanoscience
A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of gadolinium using 1, 2-dihydroxy anthraquinone-3-sulphonic acid, sodium salt (Alizarin Red S). Influence of various parameters such as concentration of... more
A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of gadolinium using 1, 2-dihydroxy anthraquinone-3-sulphonic acid, sodium salt (Alizarin Red S). Influence of various parameters such as concentration of complexing agent, pH, and interference of other competing metal ions was examined in a systematic manner. Gadolinium is found to be a stable complex as Gd-ARS at pH 4.6-4.8 and having a maximum absorbance at 530 nm. Beer's law was found to be obeyed in 1to14 µg/mL range of gadolinium with a correlation coefficient of R 2 = 0.9992 (n=14). The system allowed for the determination of gadolinium with a limit of detection (LOD) (3.3σ/S) of 0.264 µg/mL, limit of quantitation (LOQ) (10σ/S) of 0.8 µg/mL. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.38 % and 1.96 % at 5.4 and 1.85 mg/L. Its molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are found to be 9.33x10 3 L.Mol-1 .cm-1 and 1.07x10-4 µg/cm 2 respectively. An easy and versatile determination of gadolinium concentration during the solvent extraction study of Gadolinium with 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate-nitric acid system is proposed.
Research Interests:
A sensitive and reproducible method for the direct spectrophotometric determination of zirconium is reported. The method is based on zirconium forms a stable bluish violet colour complex with Chrome Azurol S (CAS) which has maximum... more
A sensitive and reproducible method for the direct spectrophotometric determination of zirconium is reported. The method is based on zirconium forms a stable bluish violet colour complex with Chrome Azurol S (CAS) which has maximum absorption at 598 nm at pH 4.2. The complex obeys Beer's law in the concentration range of 1-7 µg/mL. Detection limit, molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were 2.42 µg/mL, 3.93 x10 3 L.Mol-1 .cm-1 and 2.54 x 10-4 µg/cm 2 respectively. Relative standard deviation is less than 2% and correlation coefficient is 0.997. The present method is highly sensitive, selective, rapid and simple. It is directly applicable for the determination of zirconium in environmental, industrial, water and nuclear reprocessing samples.
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, and 10 moreTGA, Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds, Flame Retardant, Organic Synthesis and Asymmetric Catalysis, THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Synthesis of Grafted Polymer, Non-Halogenated Flame Retardants, SPDPC, Physical chemistry and chemical physics, and Materials, Polymers & Nanoscience
Dengue is an infectious mosquito borne disease of tropical regions. There is a drastic change in the demographic characteristics of dengue fever in Pakistan over the past years. Many small studies have been done previously all over the... more
Dengue is an infectious mosquito borne disease of tropical regions. There is a drastic change in the demographic characteristics of dengue fever in Pakistan over the past years. Many small studies have been done previously all over the country but the data reported so far regarding demographic, biochemical and hematological parameters of dengue infection is insufficient. This study was undertaken to establish a possible association of decrease in platelet count with bleeding tendency in dengue patients. It is an observational cross-sectional study conducted on 50 sero positive cases during the early days of dengue virus infection (1-7 days) confirmed by Real time PCR (CDC Atlanta) in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. The study was approved from ethical committee of King Edward Medical University. 3-5 ml of venous blood was taken from the patients during first 7 days of infection for CBC analysis. Consent was taken from patients or guardian in case of children and proforma was also filled after interviewing the patient. This article assesses the association of severity of disease with age, gender, platelet count and bleeding tendencies in dengue patients. More dengue patients had declined platelet counts (<50,000/µl). Dengue infection was more in age group 16-30 years but hemorrhagic signs were more in females and in older patients. Out of 50 patients 22 were males and 28 were females. Platelet count of dengue patients is mostly less than 150,000 per micro liter while normal range is 150,000 to 400,000 per micro liter. Platelet count of female patients is lower as compared to males, DHF is more in females and Hb has no correlation with bleeding tendency while an association has been found between low platelet count and increased bleeding tendency among the infected patients. Median age of dengue patients has decreased and younger patients especially males may be more susceptible.
Research Interests:
The deactivation of nickel hydroxide films after prolonged storage times without use was studied. This study was carried out in the context of the Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry (RDEV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)... more
The deactivation of nickel hydroxide films after prolonged storage times without use was studied. This study was carried out in the context of the Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry (RDEV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) when the nickel hydroxide film contacts an electroactive solution and a redox reaction occurs at the Au-Ni(OH) 2 |electrolyte interface. Deferasirox (4-(3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) benzoic acid) was employed as redox species in solution. Limiting currents vs. electrode rotation rate dependences allowed one to obtain variation of the charge transport rate on the storage time. EIS was employed to obtain a more complete series of charge-transport parameters, that is, electron and ion diffusion coefficients and different interfacial resistances related to the gold/nickel hydroxide and nickel hydroxide/solution interfaces. Keywords Nickel hydroxide films; charge transport parameters; ion and electron diffusion coefficients; gold/nickel hydroxide and nickel hydroxide/solution interfacial resistances
Research Interests:
A quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) was synthesized from trialkylamine reacting with a halocarbon compound. This QAS was characterized by analytical methods of precipitation and spectroscopic determinations. QAScan damage marine life by... more
A quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) was synthesized from trialkylamine reacting with a halocarbon compound. This QAS was characterized by analytical methods of precipitation and spectroscopic determinations. QAScan damage marine life by killing one-celled plants to destroy their growth systems, and the prepared QAS therefore was used in biocidal experiments for examining their biocidal efficiency towards several bacteria and marine planktonic algas. When the concentrations of the prepared QAS reached at 3.2 and 50 ppm, growth system of the selected bacteria and alga were obviously inhibited respectively.
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Microbiology, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Nanomaterials Characterization, and 9 moreReservoir Characterization, Organic Synthesis, Synthesis and Characterization of nanomaterials, Organic synthesis of bioactive molecules, Characterization, Synthesis of Grafted Polymer, Quaternary Ammonium Salts Baipian, Quaternary Ammonium Salts, and Biocidal Efficiency.
HPLC method is developed and validated for determination of three pesticides (abamectin, imidacloprid, and β-cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be leached to the... more
HPLC method is developed and validated for determination of three pesticides (abamectin, imidacloprid, and β-cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be leached to the groundwater. Reversed-phase method with C18 column (5 µm, 250mm × 4.6 mm inner diameter) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (v:v = 4:1) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and UV detection at 220 nm was used. This method is validated according to new methods which include accuracy, precision, linearity and range, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The current method exhibits good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ppb for abamectin, 0.5-1000 ppb for imidacloprid, and 0.4-1000 ppb for ß-cyfluthrin with r 2 greater than 0.990. The percentage recovery of the method at three concentration levels (5, 100, and 1000 ppb) is within 97.6 to 101.5% for the three pesticides. Relative standard deviation of the area of six replicate injections of each pesticide at three concentration levels (5.0, 100.0, and 1000.0 ppb) was found to be less than 1% which reflect the precision of the method. Limit of quantitation of the three pesticides using this method is low (1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 ppb) for abamectin, imidacloprid, and β-cyfluthrin, respectively which enables the determination of these three pesticides in water at low concentration levels.
Research Interests:
A quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) was synthesized from trialkylamine reacting with a halocarbon compound. This QAS was characterized by analytical methods of precipitation and spectroscopic determinations. QAScan damage marine life by... more
A quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) was synthesized from trialkylamine reacting with a halocarbon compound. This QAS was characterized by analytical methods of precipitation and spectroscopic determinations. QAScan damage marine life by killing one-celled plants to destroy their growth systems, and the prepared QAS therefore was used in biocidal experiments for examining their biocidal efficiency towards several bacteria and marine planktonic algas. When the concentrations of the prepared QAS reached at 3.2 and 50 ppm, growth system of the selected bacteria and alga were obviously inhibited respectively.
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Microbiology, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of nanoparticles, and 8 moreNanomaterials Characterization, High Level Synthesis (Engineering), Organic Synthesis, Synthesis and Characterization of nanomaterials, Oil and Gas Reservoir Characterization, Quaternary Ammonium Salts Baipian, Biocidal Efficiency., and azoniaspiro quaternary ammonium salts
HPLC method is developed and validated for determination of three pesticides (abamectin, imidacloprid, and β-cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be leached to the... more
HPLC method is developed and validated for determination of three pesticides (abamectin, imidacloprid, and β-cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be leached to the groundwater. Reversed-phase method with C18 column (5 µm, 250mm × 4.6 mm inner diameter) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (v:v = 4:1) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and UV detection at 220 nm was used. This method is validated according to new methods which include accuracy, precision, linearity and range, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The current method exhibits good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ppb for abamectin, 0.5-1000 ppb for imidacloprid, and 0.4-1000 ppb for ß-cyfluthrin with r 2 greater than 0.990. The percentage recovery of the method at three concentration levels (5, 100, and 1000 ppb) is within 97.6 to 101.5% for the three pesticides. Relative standard deviation of the area of six replicate injections of each pesticide at three concentration levels (5.0, 100.0, and 1000.0 ppb) was found to be less than 1% which reflect the precision of the method. Limit of quantitation of the three pesticides using this method is low (1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 ppb) for abamectin, imidacloprid, and β-cyfluthrin, respectively which enables the determination of these three pesticides in water at low concentration levels.
Research Interests: Validation, Pesticides, Pesticides Risk assessment, UV +HPLC +COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF DRUGS, UV & HPLC & HPTLC, and 8 moreBotanical pesticides, Effects of Sub Lethal Abamectin on Brown Plant Hopper, Validation of Solid Dosage Forms, Hplc and Uv Method Development and Validation of Norfloxacin and Loperamide Hydrochloride ., Abamectin, Imidacloprid,, Nano Imidacloprid efficacy against the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria under laboratory and semi field conditions, and β-cyfluthrin, pesticides
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy... more
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy is used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance mutants during the long duration of treatment. Resistance can be defined as single-drug, multi-drugs, depending on the number of drugs and/or which drugs are involved. The drug resistance tuberculosis more prevalent, lack the resources to implement adequate measures to control even the susceptible types of the disease. A high prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, previous treatment for TB predisposes to the selection of multi drug resistance organisms and non-compliance is a major factor in allowing the resistant organisms to survive.
Research Interests:
A novel flame retardant application technique was developed for cotton apparel fabric using spirocyclic pentaerythritol di (phosphoryl chloride) (SPDPC), which was further synthesized into bis diglycol spirocyclic pentaerythritol... more
A novel flame retardant application technique was developed for cotton apparel fabric using spirocyclic pentaerythritol di (phosphoryl chloride) (SPDPC), which was further synthesized into bis diglycol spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate (BSPB). The flame retardant agent was then attached to the fabric using a sol-gel process. The treated fabric was tested on a vertical flame tester which showed very high flame retardancy as compared to the untreated cotton. TGA analysis exhibited a slow rate of weight loss and higher ultimate degradation temperature for the FR treated sample. The FR treated sample showed modest loss in strength while retaining 86.4% of its original strength. The fabric’s appearance did not alter and the change in stiffness was insignificant as a result of the FR finish.
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Synthesis, TGA, and 6 moreBiological weapons policy and biophysical chemistry, Flame Retardant, Chemistry of metal ions in biological systems, Organic Synthesis and Asymmetric Catalysis, Organic Synthesis. Catalysis, Organometallics, and SPDPC
In order to prepare a high quality glass with high water resistance, we investigated chromium iron phosphate glass because of its improved chemical durability. The introduction of chromium in sodiumiron- phosphate glasses is used to... more
In order to prepare a high quality glass with high water resistance, we investigated chromium iron
phosphate glass because of its improved chemical durability. The introduction of chromium in sodiumiron-
phosphate glasses is used to compare its effect with iron in inhibition of corrosion. The sodiumchromium-
iron phosphate glass of composition 30Fe2O3-xCr2O3-(15-x)Na2O-55P2O5 (mol %),with
(0x4) was produced by melting batches of (99,98% pure) Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Na2CO3, and (NH4)2HPO4 at
1080°C for one hour and pouring the liquid into the bench. The sample was annealed at 650°C for 48h.
We have performed the measurement of X-Ray diffraction, and Infra Red spectroscopy. The chemical
durability was evaluated by weight losses of glass samples after immersion in hot distilled water (90°C)
for 30 days. Weight loss measurements showed a good chemical durability unlike borosilicate glass.
phosphate glass because of its improved chemical durability. The introduction of chromium in sodiumiron-
phosphate glasses is used to compare its effect with iron in inhibition of corrosion. The sodiumchromium-
iron phosphate glass of composition 30Fe2O3-xCr2O3-(15-x)Na2O-55P2O5 (mol %),with
(0x4) was produced by melting batches of (99,98% pure) Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Na2CO3, and (NH4)2HPO4 at
1080°C for one hour and pouring the liquid into the bench. The sample was annealed at 650°C for 48h.
We have performed the measurement of X-Ray diffraction, and Infra Red spectroscopy. The chemical
durability was evaluated by weight losses of glass samples after immersion in hot distilled water (90°C)
for 30 days. Weight loss measurements showed a good chemical durability unlike borosilicate glass.
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Environmental Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, and 13 moreIron Oxide, XRD, Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds, Sodium-cobalt oxide, IR Spectroscopy, THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Glass Formation, Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Methanol to Formaldehyde by Isolated Vanadium, Molybdenum, and Chromium Oxide Clusters Supported on Rutile TiO2 (110), Chemical durability,, Sodium-chromium-iron-phosphate glasses, Phosphate Oxide, Physical chemistry and chemical physics, and Materials, Polymers & Nanoscience
A sensitive and reproducible method for the direct spectrophotometric determination of zirconium is reported. The method is based on zirconium forms a stable bluish violet colour complex with Chrome Azurol S (CAS) which has maximum... more
A sensitive and reproducible method for the direct spectrophotometric determination of zirconium is
reported. The method is based on zirconium forms a stable bluish violet colour complex with Chrome
Azurol S (CAS) which has maximum absorption at 598 nm at pH 4.2. The complex obeys Beer’s law in the
concentration range of 1-7 μg/mL. Detection limit, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.42
μg/mL, 3.93 x103 L.Mol-1.cm-1and 2.54 x 10-4 μg/cm2 respectively. Relative standard deviation is less than
2% and correlation coefficient is 0.997. The present method is highly sensitive, selective, rapid and simple.
It is directly applicable for the determination of zirconium in environmental, industrial, water and nuclear
reprocessing samples
reported. The method is based on zirconium forms a stable bluish violet colour complex with Chrome
Azurol S (CAS) which has maximum absorption at 598 nm at pH 4.2. The complex obeys Beer’s law in the
concentration range of 1-7 μg/mL. Detection limit, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.42
μg/mL, 3.93 x103 L.Mol-1.cm-1and 2.54 x 10-4 μg/cm2 respectively. Relative standard deviation is less than
2% and correlation coefficient is 0.997. The present method is highly sensitive, selective, rapid and simple.
It is directly applicable for the determination of zirconium in environmental, industrial, water and nuclear
reprocessing samples
Research Interests:
The technique of supported liquid membranes (SLM’s) was used to achieve the facilitated transport of Chromium ions (Cr(VI) and Cr(III), using Methyl Cholate as carrier, widely used for a facilitated transport of carbohydrates. For our... more
The technique of supported liquid membranes (SLM’s) was used to achieve the facilitated transport of
Chromium ions (Cr(VI) and Cr(III), using Methyl Cholate as carrier, widely used for a facilitated
transport of carbohydrates. For our (SLM’s), we use toluene as an organic phase and microporous film of
PVDF as support. Permeability P and initial flux J0 were determined for different studied factors and the
prepared membranes are highly permeable. The mechanism based on the complexation of the substrate by
the carrier and the diffusion of the complex (ST) was developed. The results of this phenomenon are used
to determine the association constant Kass and the apparent diffusion coefficient D*. These studies show
that these parameters Kass and D* are changing significantly with different studied factors, and better
extraction of this substrate is possible.
Chromium ions (Cr(VI) and Cr(III), using Methyl Cholate as carrier, widely used for a facilitated
transport of carbohydrates. For our (SLM’s), we use toluene as an organic phase and microporous film of
PVDF as support. Permeability P and initial flux J0 were determined for different studied factors and the
prepared membranes are highly permeable. The mechanism based on the complexation of the substrate by
the carrier and the diffusion of the complex (ST) was developed. The results of this phenomenon are used
to determine the association constant Kass and the apparent diffusion coefficient D*. These studies show
that these parameters Kass and D* are changing significantly with different studied factors, and better
extraction of this substrate is possible.
Research Interests:
A quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) was synthesized from trialkylamine reacting with a halocarbon compound. This QAS was characterized by analytical methods of precipitation and spectroscopic determinations. QAS can damage marine life by... more
A quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) was synthesized from trialkylamine reacting with a halocarbon
compound. This QAS was characterized by analytical methods of precipitation and spectroscopic
determinations. QAS can damage marine life by killing one-celled plants to destroy their growth systems,
and the prepared QAS therefore was used in biocidal experiments for examining their biocidal efficiency
towards several bacteria and marine planktonic algas. When the concentrations of the prepared QAS
reached at 3.2 and 50 ppm, growth system of the selected bacteria and alga were obviously inhibited
respectively.
compound. This QAS was characterized by analytical methods of precipitation and spectroscopic
determinations. QAS can damage marine life by killing one-celled plants to destroy their growth systems,
and the prepared QAS therefore was used in biocidal experiments for examining their biocidal efficiency
towards several bacteria and marine planktonic algas. When the concentrations of the prepared QAS
reached at 3.2 and 50 ppm, growth system of the selected bacteria and alga were obviously inhibited
respectively.
Research Interests:
HPLC method is developed and validated for determination of three pesticides (abamectin, imidacloprid, and -cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be leached to the... more
HPLC method is developed and validated for determination of three pesticides (abamectin, imidacloprid,
and -cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be
leached to the groundwater. Reversed-phase method with C18 column (5 μm, 250mm × 4.6 mm inner
diameter) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (v:v = 4:1) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and
UV detection at 220 nm was used. This method is validated according to new methods which include
accuracy, precision, linearity and range, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The current method
exhibits good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ppb for abamectin, 0.5-1000 ppb for imidacloprid, and
0.4-1000 ppb for ß-cyfluthrin with r2 greater than 0.990. The percentage recovery of the method at three
concentration levels (5, 100, and 1000 ppb) is within 97.6 to 101.5% for the three pesticides. Relative
standard deviation of the area of six replicate injections of each pesticide at three concentration levels (5.0,
100.0, and 1000.0 ppb) was found to be less than 1% which reflect the precision of the method. Limit of
quantitation of the three pesticides using this method is low (1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 ppb) for abamectin,
imidacloprid, and -cyfluthrin, respectively which enables the determination of these three pesticides in
water at low concentration levels.
and -cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be
leached to the groundwater. Reversed-phase method with C18 column (5 μm, 250mm × 4.6 mm inner
diameter) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (v:v = 4:1) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and
UV detection at 220 nm was used. This method is validated according to new methods which include
accuracy, precision, linearity and range, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The current method
exhibits good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ppb for abamectin, 0.5-1000 ppb for imidacloprid, and
0.4-1000 ppb for ß-cyfluthrin with r2 greater than 0.990. The percentage recovery of the method at three
concentration levels (5, 100, and 1000 ppb) is within 97.6 to 101.5% for the three pesticides. Relative
standard deviation of the area of six replicate injections of each pesticide at three concentration levels (5.0,
100.0, and 1000.0 ppb) was found to be less than 1% which reflect the precision of the method. Limit of
quantitation of the three pesticides using this method is low (1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 ppb) for abamectin,
imidacloprid, and -cyfluthrin, respectively which enables the determination of these three pesticides in
water at low concentration levels.
Research Interests:
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy... more
Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of
tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence
all around world. The multi-drug therapy is used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance mutants
during the long duration of treatment. Resistance can be defined as single-drug, multi-drugs, depending on
the number of drugs and/or which drugs are involved. The drug resistance tuberculosis more prevalent,
lack the resources to implement adequate measures to control even the susceptible types of the disease. A
high prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, previous treatment for TB predisposes to the
selection of multi drug resistance organisms and non-compliance is a major factor in allowing the resistant
organisms to survive.
tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence
all around world. The multi-drug therapy is used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance mutants
during the long duration of treatment. Resistance can be defined as single-drug, multi-drugs, depending on
the number of drugs and/or which drugs are involved. The drug resistance tuberculosis more prevalent,
lack the resources to implement adequate measures to control even the susceptible types of the disease. A
high prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, previous treatment for TB predisposes to the
selection of multi drug resistance organisms and non-compliance is a major factor in allowing the resistant
organisms to survive.
Research Interests:
The deactivation of nickel hydroxide films after prolonged storage times without use was studied. This study was carried out in the context of the Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry (RDEV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)... more
The deactivation of nickel hydroxide films after prolonged storage times without use was studied. This
study was carried out in the context of the Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry (RDEV) and
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) when the nickel hydroxide film contacts an electroactive
solution and a redox reaction occurs at the Au-Ni(OH)2|electrolyte interface. Deferasirox (4-(3,5-bis(2-
hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) benzoic acid) was employed as redox species in solution. Limiting
currents vs. electrode rotation rate dependences allowed one to obtain variation of the charge transport
rate on the storage time. EIS was employed to obtain a more complete series of charge-transport
parameters, that is, electron and ion diffusion coefficients and different interfacial resistances related to
the gold/nickel hydroxide and nickel hydroxide/solution interfaces.
study was carried out in the context of the Rotating Disc Electrode Voltammetry (RDEV) and
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) when the nickel hydroxide film contacts an electroactive
solution and a redox reaction occurs at the Au-Ni(OH)2|electrolyte interface. Deferasirox (4-(3,5-bis(2-
hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) benzoic acid) was employed as redox species in solution. Limiting
currents vs. electrode rotation rate dependences allowed one to obtain variation of the charge transport
rate on the storage time. EIS was employed to obtain a more complete series of charge-transport
parameters, that is, electron and ion diffusion coefficients and different interfacial resistances related to
the gold/nickel hydroxide and nickel hydroxide/solution interfaces.
Research Interests:
The evidence that the Vinland Map is a modern forgery is not supported by the bi-pyramidal shape of the anatase crystals shown in the transmission electron micrograph of the ink of the Map. The proposed presence of a modern pigment was... more
The evidence that the Vinland Map is a modern forgery is not supported by the bi-pyramidal shape of the anatase crystals shown in the transmission electron micrograph of the ink of the Map. The proposed presence of a modern pigment was related to the identification of the anatase shown in the micrograph as having a rounded regular crystalline shape as contrasted to the bi-pyramidal shape that this paper has identified .
Research Interests:
Dengue infection has become a big problem of tropical regions especially Pakistan during last few years. Many small studies have been done previously all over the country but the data reported so far regarding demographic, biochemical and... more
Dengue infection has become a big problem of tropical regions especially Pakistan during last few years.
Many small studies have been done previously all over the country but the data reported so far regarding
demographic, biochemical and hematological parameters of dengue infection is insufficient. This study was
undertaken to establish a possible association of decrease in platelet count with bleeding tendency in
dengue patients. It is an observational cross-sectional study conducted on 50 sero positive cases during the
early days of dengue virus infection (1-7 days). Both males and females of all age groups were included in
this study. 3-5 ml of venous blood was taken from the patients for CBC analysis. Consent was taken from
patients or guardian in case of children and proforma was also filled after interviewing the patient. This
article assesses the association of severity of disease with age, gender, platelet count and bleeding
tendencies in dengue patients. More dengue patients had declined platelet counts (<50,000/μl). Although
more dengue infected patients fall in the age group 16-30 years but dengue hemorrhagic fever was more in
females and in older patients. Out of 50 patients 22 were males and 28 were females. Platelet count of
dengue patients is mostly less than 150,000 per micro liter while normal range is 150,000 to 400,000 per
micro liter. Platelet count of female patients is lower as compared to males, DHF is more in females and
Hb has no correlation with bleeding tendency while an association has been found between low platelet
count and increased bleeding tendency among the infected patients. Median age of dengue patients has
decreased and younger patients especially males may be more susceptible.
Many small studies have been done previously all over the country but the data reported so far regarding
demographic, biochemical and hematological parameters of dengue infection is insufficient. This study was
undertaken to establish a possible association of decrease in platelet count with bleeding tendency in
dengue patients. It is an observational cross-sectional study conducted on 50 sero positive cases during the
early days of dengue virus infection (1-7 days). Both males and females of all age groups were included in
this study. 3-5 ml of venous blood was taken from the patients for CBC analysis. Consent was taken from
patients or guardian in case of children and proforma was also filled after interviewing the patient. This
article assesses the association of severity of disease with age, gender, platelet count and bleeding
tendencies in dengue patients. More dengue patients had declined platelet counts (<50,000/μl). Although
more dengue infected patients fall in the age group 16-30 years but dengue hemorrhagic fever was more in
females and in older patients. Out of 50 patients 22 were males and 28 were females. Platelet count of
dengue patients is mostly less than 150,000 per micro liter while normal range is 150,000 to 400,000 per
micro liter. Platelet count of female patients is lower as compared to males, DHF is more in females and
Hb has no correlation with bleeding tendency while an association has been found between low platelet
count and increased bleeding tendency among the infected patients. Median age of dengue patients has
decreased and younger patients especially males may be more susceptible.
Research Interests:
Water quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply. Ample degree of freshwater is eminent for biological needs are a vital side of integrated environmental management and sustainable development. The quality of... more
Water quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply. Ample degree of freshwater
is eminent for biological needs are a vital side of integrated environmental management and sustainable
development. The quality of water indices estimation endeavour single value which decrease the big
quantity of parameters and represent data in a simple way. This review includes various water quality
indices (WQI) used in the surface water quality assessment. There are numerous WQI specific for any
region because many National and International agencies define water quality criteria for various uses
considering various parameters in water quality assessment and pollution control. Different WQI
developed; their background and application area has been mentioned here.
is eminent for biological needs are a vital side of integrated environmental management and sustainable
development. The quality of water indices estimation endeavour single value which decrease the big
quantity of parameters and represent data in a simple way. This review includes various water quality
indices (WQI) used in the surface water quality assessment. There are numerous WQI specific for any
region because many National and International agencies define water quality criteria for various uses
considering various parameters in water quality assessment and pollution control. Different WQI
developed; their background and application area has been mentioned here.
Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Water quality, Biological Chemistry, Review, Indexing, and 8 moreQUALITY CIRCLE IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES, Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds, Quantum Physics and Quantum Chemistry of Biological Molecules and Study Its Dynamic, Heterogenous catalysis, hydroisomerisation of long chain alkanes, synthesis of branched fatty acid esters, Clinical Biochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical and environmental analysis, Chemistry, and Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products, and Water Quality Parameters
Porous material in contact with vapor tends to adsorb fluid in the pores. The amount of adsorbed fluid depends on the vapor pressure, but depends in some parameter ranges as well on the history of the system. When raising the vapor... more
Porous material in contact with vapor tends to adsorb fluid in the pores. The amount of adsorbed fluid
depends on the vapor pressure, but depends in some parameter ranges as well on the history of the system.
When raising the vapor pressure the adsorption may be smaller than while lowering the pressure. Thus, the
measured adsorption isotherm consists of two branches that appear stable on the time scale of experiments.
The phenomenon is known as adsorption hysteresis and has been extensively discussed in the literature as
it is in distinct contrast to the expectations of thermodynamics: the system has more than one answer to one
set of boundary conditions (here: grand canonical boundary conditions). The common explanation offered
in the literature introduces the concept of metastable states, conceiving either or both branches of the
isotherm as being metastable. Even though the concept of metastability cannot be separated from the
concept of a lifetime against decay into the corresponding ground state, this aspect is usually not discussed
in the literature. Within the adsorption community it is agreed upon that the concept of metastable states
brings the experimental findings in harmony with the theory of thermodynamics while the lifetime of the
conceived metastable states is disregarded. In the present paper we challenge this notion. We argue that
the characteristic lifetime sys of a system against decay into its ground state must be compared with the
duration exp of the experimental technique employed to investigate the behavior of the system. Based on
experimental evidence and based on previous theoretical results we find that the relation >> exp sys
holds for typical adsorption systems. As thermodynamics is founded on the assumption exp << sys it
cannot be the appropriate theory for describing adsorption systems. Several schemes found in the literature
seem to provide such a time dependent approach. Our analysis, however, shows that neither of these
attempts describes the time dependence in a realistic way. Thus, we have to conclude that no valid theory
for the propagation of adsorption systems in time has emerged yet. We propose to develop a new generally
valid time dependent theory for confined systems whose time independent limit for 0 exp ® sys would
be suited to handle adsorption systems.
depends on the vapor pressure, but depends in some parameter ranges as well on the history of the system.
When raising the vapor pressure the adsorption may be smaller than while lowering the pressure. Thus, the
measured adsorption isotherm consists of two branches that appear stable on the time scale of experiments.
The phenomenon is known as adsorption hysteresis and has been extensively discussed in the literature as
it is in distinct contrast to the expectations of thermodynamics: the system has more than one answer to one
set of boundary conditions (here: grand canonical boundary conditions). The common explanation offered
in the literature introduces the concept of metastable states, conceiving either or both branches of the
isotherm as being metastable. Even though the concept of metastability cannot be separated from the
concept of a lifetime against decay into the corresponding ground state, this aspect is usually not discussed
in the literature. Within the adsorption community it is agreed upon that the concept of metastable states
brings the experimental findings in harmony with the theory of thermodynamics while the lifetime of the
conceived metastable states is disregarded. In the present paper we challenge this notion. We argue that
the characteristic lifetime sys of a system against decay into its ground state must be compared with the
duration exp of the experimental technique employed to investigate the behavior of the system. Based on
experimental evidence and based on previous theoretical results we find that the relation >> exp sys
holds for typical adsorption systems. As thermodynamics is founded on the assumption exp << sys it
cannot be the appropriate theory for describing adsorption systems. Several schemes found in the literature
seem to provide such a time dependent approach. Our analysis, however, shows that neither of these
attempts describes the time dependence in a realistic way. Thus, we have to conclude that no valid theory
for the propagation of adsorption systems in time has emerged yet. We propose to develop a new generally
valid time dependent theory for confined systems whose time independent limit for 0 exp ® sys would
be suited to handle adsorption systems.
Research Interests: Chemistry, Time-dependent density functional theory, Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Organic Synthesis/ Drug Discovery/ Organic and Biological Chemistry, and 7 moreAnalytical Chemistry- Chemical sensors, Nursing , Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Organic Synthesis. Catalysis, Organometallics, Analytical Chemistry HPLC, Lifetime of Metastable States, Adsorption Hysteresis, and Molecular synthesis and catalysis
International Conference on Advances in Chemistry & Chemical Engineering (CHENG 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and new research results in all areas of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering. The... more
International Conference on Advances in Chemistry & Chemical Engineering (CHENG 2024)
will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and new research results in
all areas of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering. The goal of this conference is to bring together
researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on areas of Chemistry &
Chemical Engineering for a cross cultural exploration and subsequent innovation of subjects
concerned and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute
to this conference by submitting articles for the development of Chemistry & Chemical
Engineering.
will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and new research results in
all areas of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering. The goal of this conference is to bring together
researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on areas of Chemistry &
Chemical Engineering for a cross cultural exploration and subsequent innovation of subjects
concerned and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute
to this conference by submitting articles for the development of Chemistry & Chemical
Engineering.