Imidacloprid,

Cedrus deodara (deodar) is practically used, as insect repellent, in the northern areas of Pakistan but no data available therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of deodar oil as an alternate of conventional insecticides against the larval pest stage of mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor), by feeding method. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of deodar oil as an alternate of conventional insecticides against the larval pest stage of mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor), by feeding method. All tested chemicals showed efficacy against the pests. The LC 50 was determined by probit analysis and was found to be 3.41, 0.086 and 0.023% of larvae treated with deodar oil, Carbosulfan and Imidacloprid respectively The LC 50 treated larvae were subjected to the evaluation of protein activity, qualitatively and quantitatively. The protein level in tested insects was enhanced when treated with Imidacloprid, Carbosulfan and deodar oil. The electrophoretic profile of treated insects showed more bands in insects treated with Cedrus deodara oil. This electrophoretic profile appeared in 4, 5, 7 and 8 bands for tested chemicals including control. Antifeedant activity was observed for C. deodara as larvae were deterred to feed on the food found in the container.

The Red Palm Weevil is a serious problem of the date palm in Pakistan. The sole and combine application effects of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyphomycetes) and sub-lethal dosages of Imidacloprid against the second and fourth instar larvae of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier was investigated in laboratory. Additionally, the in vitro hyphal growth of B. bassiana amended with three different concentrations (50, 250, 500 µl L-1) of Confidor® 200 SL was also assessed. The results showed significantly higher mortality for the second and fourth instar larvae of RPWrnwhen B. bassiana and Imidacloprid applied together compared to their sole application. The highest mortality level (100%) for the second instar was recorded after 15 days of treatment with B. bassiana (1×106 conidia/ml) and Imidacloprid (1 µl L-1) in combination, while for the fourth instar larvae it was achieved after 20 days of application. However, the presence of Imidacloprid did not significantly affect the hyphal growth of B. bassiana on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and greater colony sizes compared to untreated control were recorded in all cases. The maximum number of sporulation (173, 159.83 conidia ml-1) and percentage (89.15, 79.4%) of mycosed R. ferrugineus cadavers was observed at lower dose rate (1×106 conidia/ml) of B. bassiana, exhibited the potential to be exploited for the control of RPW.