- INDIA
- International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering (IJRAME) is a scholarly online, open acc... moreInternational Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering (IJRAME) is a scholarly online, open access, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal. The Journal covers the whole spectrum of engineering, which includes, but is not limited to, Aerospace, Thermodynamics, Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, etc.edit
As we know that fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle required long runways for takeoff and landing and also flight time then other. As it is difficult to have longer runway in city area, the need of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL)... more
As we know that fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle required long runways for takeoff and landing and also flight time then other. As it is difficult to have longer runway in city area, the need of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) arises. VTOL aircraft is the type of flight systems which have the ability to take off and land vertically, then transition to horizontal flight, and also allowing an aircraft to cover long distances at high speed and also have advantage to takeoff and land in vertical manner without the need of runway. There are various applications of VTOL such as it can be used as ondemand air mobility, for cargo and package delivery, in healthcare applications, and in emergency services. The new and emerging trends of VTOL are that it can be use as air ambulance. Air Ambulance service is a board term that combines two meaning i.e. air transport with basic emergency medical services which is able to transport injured patients or sick patients to the healthcare facilities and from healthcare facilities. So, in other terms, we can say that it is basically like airlifting patients in case of emergencies. Here, we are focused to develop advance VTOL air ambulance which can be use in any condition and which are capable to carry out its work more precisely and efficiently.
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This study thoroughly investigates the vibration responses of fibre-reinforced laminated composite plates, focusing on identifying mode shapes and calculating natural frequencies. Theoretical calculations, based on the material... more
This study thoroughly investigates the vibration responses of fibre-reinforced laminated composite plates, focusing on identifying mode shapes and calculating natural frequencies. Theoretical calculations, based on the material properties, geometric dimensions, and boundary conditions, were performed to determine the natural frequencies at which the plate vibrates naturally under dynamic loads. A comprehensive modal analysis using ANSYS software involved creating a detailed 3D model of the composite plate with ply orientations set at 0 degrees and 90 degrees to study the effects of fibre orientation on the plate's vibration characteristics. Mode shapes, representing specific deformation patterns at each natural frequency, were identified, providing critical insights into the movement of different parts of the plate during vibration. The comparison of theoretical natural frequencies with those derived from ANSYS simulations showed a strong correlation, validating the accuracy of both the theoretical models and the ANSYS simulations. The results highlighted the natural frequencies for specific modes (Mode 11, Mode 21, and Mode 22), showing close agreement between theoretical and analytical values. This study demonstrates that theoretical models can accurately predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fibrereinforced laminated composite plates. The close match between theoretical and analytical results underscores the reliability of ANSYS software for conducting modal analysis in composite materials. Identifying mode shapes and natural frequencies is crucial for designing and optimizing composite structures to withstand operational loads and dynamic forces without experiencing excessive vibrations or failures.
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In the thermal analysis of engine cylinders, fins are strategically placed on the cylinder surface to enhance heat transfer through convection. Understanding the dissipation of heat from the engine cylinder via fins, as well as the... more
In the thermal analysis of engine cylinders, fins are strategically placed on the cylinder surface to enhance heat transfer through convection. Understanding the dissipation of heat from the engine cylinder via fins, as well as the stresses induced by temperature and pressure, is crucial for effective design and performance optimization. Previous literature surveys have indicated that Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses have been employed to study stresses and strains in engine components under individual conditions of pressure or temperature. However, in practical scenarios, engine chambers experience simultaneous temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, it becomes imperative to investigate the deformations and stresses in the engine due to these combined effects to gain a comprehensive understanding and enable effective engine design, especially when integrating finned surfaces. This project considers several materials commonly used for engine blocks and extended surfaces, including aluminum 6061 alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, and gray cast iron. The components are designed using CATIA V5 software, and analysis is conducted using ANSYS Workbench. The maximum operational conditions applied include an engine temperature of 600°C and a pressure of 2.068 MPa. Through FEM analysis, it has been determined that aluminum 6061 alloy demonstrates favorable results in both structural integrity and thermal heat dissipation when compared to the other materials studied. This finding underscores the material's suitability for withstanding the combined effects of high temperature and pressure within the engine chamber while effectively managing heat transfer through the finned surfaces. By leveraging these analytical tools and insights, engineers can make informed decisions regarding material selection and design optimization, ultimately contributing to the efficiency, reliability, and performance of engine systems in various operational conditions.
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Prosthetic limbs serve as indispensable tools in restoring mobility and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with limb loss. This project focuses on the modeling and analysis of prosthetic legs, aiming to optimize their design... more
Prosthetic limbs serve as indispensable tools in restoring mobility and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with limb loss. This project focuses on the modeling and analysis of prosthetic legs, aiming to optimize their design for improved functionality and comfort. The study begins with an exploration of the significance of prostheses in enhancing the mobility and independence of amputees. Utilizing Solid Works for modeling and ANSYS for analysis, the project investigates the performance of prosthetic legs constructed from four distinct materials: Aluminum Alloy, Titanium Alloy, Carbon Fibre, and Structural Steel. These materials are selected based on their mechanical properties and suitability for prosthetic applications. The design and analysis stages involve simulating various activities that mimic the typical movements and stresses encountered during daily l ife, including walking and engaging in other essential tasks. By subjecting the prosthetic leg models to rigorous testing, the project evaluates their durability, strength, and overall performance under realistic conditions. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the comparative advantages and limitations of different materials in prosthetic leg design. Additional ly, it offers recommendations for optimizing prosthetic limb design to better meet the diverse needs and preferences of users. Ultimately, this work contributes to advancing the field of prosthetic engineering, paving the way for the development of mor e efficient and user-friendly prosthetic solutions.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is transforming the medical field by enabling the creation of highly customized and complex medical devices and implants. This review examines AM's applications in prosthetics, orthotics,... more
Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is transforming the medical field by enabling the creation of highly customized and complex medical devices and implants. This review examines AM's applications in prosthetics, orthotics, surgical instruments, and bioprinting. AM enhances patient-specific treatments by providing better-fitting prosthetics, tailored surgical instruments, and customized implants, leading to improved clinical outcomes. Additionally, bioprinting offers promising advancements in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Despite its benefits, AM faces challenges such as material limitations, regulatory hurdles, and technical constraints. Future directions include advances in bioprinting, integration with digital health technologies, and expansion of material options. As researchers and clinicians collaborate to overcome these challenges, AM is poised to play an increasingly crucial role in healthcare, enhancing patient care and advancing medical science.
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Suspension kinematics and design's primary function is to maximize the overall performance of a vehicle as it cruises down the road. Suspension system also helps to absorb bumps in the road and provide a safe and comfortable ride. In the... more
Suspension kinematics and design's primary function is to maximize the overall performance of a vehicle as it cruises down the road. Suspension system also helps to absorb bumps in the road and provide a safe and comfortable ride. In the research paper we have analyzed the unsprung suspension design and calculated the dynamics and Kinematic forces on our Baja vehicle. An all-terrain vehicle (ATV) or a BAJA vehicle is defined as a motorized off-highway racing car designed to travel on four low-pressure or non-pneumatic tires, having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control. Our college tech team Deltechbaja manufactures a Baja car every year for various competitions and events throughout the year. The initiation of building the car starts with the analysis and calculations of the suspension dynamics and unsprung parts of the vehicle through software's like lotus, Ansys and solid works.
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The quest for enhanced precision and compact design in robotics has led to significant innovations in gear drive technology. This article explores the development of a harmonic gear drive tailored for robotic joints, focusing on the... more
The quest for enhanced precision and compact design in robotics has led to significant innovations in gear drive technology. This article explores the development of a harmonic gear drive tailored for robotic joints, focusing on the intricate design, simulation, and application processes. Through comprehensive analysis, the study reveals new meshing parameters and flexspline dimensions, delivers advanced 3D finite element models for stress assessment, and provides insight into the torsional stiffness behavior of harmonic reducers. The research culminates in rigorous testing protocols, validating the design against stringent performance metrics and highlighting its suitability for precision-critical robotic functions.
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This paper presents the development of a thermal model for a novel flat, double-sided linear generator designed for use in free-piston engines. The study conducted in this paper examines the influence of temperature on the performance of... more
This paper presents the development of a thermal model for a novel flat, double-sided linear generator designed for use in free-piston engines. The study conducted in this paper examines the influence of temperature on the performance of the permeant magnet linear generator, an integral and pivotal component within the system. This research places particular emphasis on the Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet, which serves as a source of magnetic field for the linear generator. In this study, an internal combustion engine that tends to produce heat is connected to a generator. Considering the temperatures rise from both the combustion process and the thermal contributions of current-carrying conductors and frictional forces. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, a thermal model of the (NdFeB) magnet within the linear generator is constructed and analyzed. Furthermore, the temperature field is examined to ensure that the linear generator operates under stable conditions without the risk of demagnetization.
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DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two wheeler rider. This concern has brought this project into existence. As per the statistic in 2022,462 deaths per day were recorded as death... more
DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two wheeler rider. This concern has brought this project into existence. As per the statistic in 2022,462 deaths per day were recorded as death fatalities on road (7). This makes a rational mind to think what can be done for it. Then came the idea of airbag. Earlier airbag where used in four wheelers. But now exhaustive research is being made for two wheelers as well. This research paper is one of the ways to eradicate accidents by designing an airbag system. Airbag is designed in such a manner that it can be used by any two wheeler rider. This design is considered because it is simple and easy to understand and use. It includes design of various parts, design of the assembly and calculations of various parts. It includes it's working, installation and construction as well.
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Dispersion of nano clay has been one of the latest areas of research in the field of nanocomposites. The purpose of this study was to evolve an optimum mixing technique that leads to uniform dispersion of nano clay in vinyl ester resin.... more
Dispersion of nano clay has been one of the latest areas of research in the field of nanocomposites. The purpose of this study was to evolve an optimum mixing technique that leads to uniform dispersion of nano clay in vinyl ester resin. Specifically, five combinations of incremental mixing intensity were applied to five groups of composites that were made of Nano clay/vinyl ester/Glass composites. In all groups of 4 wt. % of montmorillonite clay (MMT) was dispersed into vinyl ester. Changes in mechanical property associated with each mixing combination were tested through ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Finally, an optimum mixing combination was proposed. This study will be a meaningful addition to the current nanocomposites research literature because few studies were comprehensive ones where various mixing combinations were compared and ultimately an optimum mixing technique was recommended. The dispersion was studied through SEM
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In the aerospace industry, additive manufacturing (AM) has become a game-changer, transforming performance optimization, production procedures, and component design. This study explores AM's significant influence on aerospace... more
In the aerospace industry, additive manufacturing (AM) has become a game-changer, transforming performance optimization, production procedures, and component design. This study explores AM's significant influence on aerospace manufacturing, outlining its many benefits and discussing the obstacles that still need to be addressed. Engineers have been able to push the frontiers of aircraft design, resulting in increased aerodynamics, fuel efficiency, and general functioning, due to their capacity to develop complex geometries and lightweight structures. In addition, the integration of several components into a single integrated part has improved structural integrity, decreased failure sites, and expedited assembly processes. The product development cycle has been sped up by rapid prototyping capabilities, allowing for performance validation and incremental improvements at a never-before-seen rate. Component personalization and customization have created new opportunities for specialized solutions meeting particular needs and preferences. Notably, AM has proven that it can streamline supply chains, cut down on material waste, and encourage environmentally friendly production methods, all of which are in line with the industry's environmental responsibility objectives. To fully realize AM's disruptive potential, nevertheless, issues like size restrictions, consistency in quality, scaling issues, and materials development must be resolved. Despite these challenges, the future of the aerospace sector is closely tied to the advancement of additive manufacturing (AM), with continuous research and development aimed at optimizing material qualities, boosting process control, and increasing the scalability of AM methods.
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Hybrid rocket propulsion systems offer many advantages including throttling capabilities and safety. This study investigates the regression rates of non-liquefying fuels in hybrid rocket engines operating under atmospheric pressure... more
Hybrid rocket propulsion systems offer many advantages including throttling capabilities and safety. This study investigates the regression rates of non-liquefying fuels in hybrid rocket engines operating under atmospheric pressure conditions with the purpose to investigate the effects of chamber pressure and establishing a pure baseline database. Traditional polymeric fuels were the main focus of the study. The three fuels studied were high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Regression rates were measured and the a and n experimental constants were obtained. Regression rate correction was also applied. A comparative analysis was performed, comparing the findings with existing literature data. Discrepancies were observed, highlighting the influence of external factors and chamber pressure on regression rates. The findings show discrepancy between the regression rates of fuels under different chamber pressures when compared to other studies, providing valuable insights for fuel selection and mission design. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of establishing pure regression rate databases to facilitate accurate comparisons and optimize the performance of hybrid rocket engines.
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The practice of overclocking, which is the process of increasing the operating frequency of hardware components, is utilized to boost the performance levels of the hardware. This research study focused on assessing the efficiency of... more
The practice of overclocking, which is the process of increasing the operating frequency of hardware components, is utilized to boost the performance levels of the hardware. This research study focused on assessing the efficiency of overclocking various components by monitoring components such as temperature and power usage. Ultimately, it aimed to determine the optimal settings for overclocking each component individually and evaluate the overall system efficiency when combining these overclocked components. Through utilizing software such as GeekBench 6 and 3D Mark, the study was able to benchmark the performance of components before and after overclocking to test performance. During this, temperatures and power consumption were monitored in order to determine the efficiency of overclocking the system and whether this practice provided any real benefits. With these procedures, it was found that the most efficient overclock in regards to power consumption and temperature was a 22% increase, 11% increase, and 53% increase for the CPU, GPU, and RAM respectively. In summary, this research underscores the significance of overclocking as a means to optimize hardware performance through systematic evaluation of CPU, GPU, and RAM overclocking efficiency. However, while overclocking presents tangible performance benefits, its impact on power consumption and temperature highlights the importance of integrating energy-efficient practices and environmental sustainability considerations into overclocking methodologies, fostering a balance between enhanced performance and responsible resource utilization in computing ecosystems.
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One of the new technologies for producing a texture or pattern on a work surface is laser surface texturing (LST). It is a practical way to add texture to a work area. The use of various lasers to create textures on the surface of work... more
One of the new technologies for producing a texture or pattern on a work surface is laser surface texturing (LST). It is a practical way to add texture to a work area. The use of various lasers to create textures on the surface of work materials is documented in the literature. LST has recently demonstrated incredible potential in the area of biological applications. The LST technique has significantly increased the biomaterial's effectiveness. An extensive analysis of laser surface texturing for biomedical applications is presented in this research. A detailed analysis of LST's impact on significant biomaterials revealed that it has a tremendous potential for surface modification of biomaterials and can be used in biomedical applications.
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A wide range of applications have shown the value of additive manufacturing technologies. A well-known manufacturing technique that many industries favour for creating intricate structures affordably is fused deposition modelling (FDM).... more
A wide range of applications have shown the value of additive manufacturing technologies. A well-known manufacturing technique that many industries favour for creating intricate structures affordably is fused deposition modelling (FDM). With FDM, the user can create the desired product by melting, extruding, and depositing a range of thermoplastic materials in successive layers. Similarly, the production of FDM is unaffected by design complexity. Various factors, such as layer height, build-up orientation, infill patternsare carefully taken in the process. This study examines the flexural strength of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PTEG) components produced by FDM while taking into account the infill pattern process parameter and maintaining the same values for all other parameters. The infill patterns were changed to create the test samples while keeping all other factors the same. The ideal infill pattern for a more durable PTEG-printed part was also investigated, as well as the flexural strength of these test specimens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AERONAUTICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING WWW.IJRAME.COM
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The growing competition to compress Development Time of an Electromechanical Product mainly in Automotive Industry has resulted into more focus on pre-validation of Product Design which is also called Design Verification. It involves... more
The growing competition to compress Development Time of an Electromechanical Product mainly in Automotive Industry has resulted into more focus on pre-validation of Product Design which is also called Design Verification. It involves mainly verifying the Product with end customer boundary conditions into Simulation Tool and predict the behaviour after application of defined load cases without building and testing on actual physical samples. Simply called Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) this not only gives confidence to the Product Designer but also saves lot of time and cost involved in the iterative physical testing. Now as this verification is crucial, so it is also important to understand if results are reliable enough to implement the findings into our Product Design. This paper focus mainly on quality of Simulation Results in CATIA V5 by characterization of Global Error Rate and it"s impact on different simulation setup and parameters.
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Sprockets are spare parts on motorbikes that work by transmitting power to the rear tire of the motorbike. Various sprocket products are sold on the market, ranging from standard original products from Japanese manufacturers which are... more
Sprockets are spare parts on motorbikes that work by transmitting power to the rear tire of the motorbike. Various sprocket products are sold on the market, ranging from standard original products from Japanese manufacturers which are quite expensive to locally made ones with relatively cheap prices. In order to compete with Japanese manufactured sprocket products, it is necessary to improve the mechanical properties of localsprockets so that the quality of local sprockets approaches or exceeds Japanese manufactured sprockets, but at a low price. This research aims to produce locally made sprockets so that the quality can approach or exceed original Japanese manufactured sprockets at a relatively cheap price. The method used for surface hardening is pack carburizing, the carburizing temperature is at 920 o C with holding times varying to 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The carbon material used is coconut shell charcoal, then the catalyst used is beef bone (CaCO 3) with a ratio of 85% carbon and 15% catalyst. The results of the tests that have been carried out show that there has been an increase in the mechanical properties of the local carburized sprocket as time increases. The 15 minute holding time specimen had a layer thickness of 265.77 μm, a hardness value of 405.84 HV and a wear rate of 360 10-6 gr/minute; the 30 minute holding time specimen had a layer thickness of 346.55 μm, a hardness value of 188.81 HV and a wear rate of 257 10-6 gr/minute; the 45 minute holding time specimen had a layer thickness of 935.47 μm, a hardness value of 277.37 HV and a wear rate of 243 10-6 gr/minute; The most optimal specimen with a holding time of 60 minutes has a layer thickness of 452.42 μm, a hardness value of 407.44 HVand a wear rate of 97 10-6 gr/minute. These results have shown an increase in the mechanical properties of the specimen so that the quality of local sprockets approaches or even exceeds the quality of original Japanese manufactured sprockets but at a relatively cheap price.
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Domestic Refrigerator is the essential equipment for people. Nearly there is no home without refrigerator. Thermal systems like refrigerators and air conditioners consume large amount of electric power. So avenues of developing energy... more
Domestic Refrigerator is the essential equipment for people. Nearly there is no home without refrigerator. Thermal systems like refrigerators and air conditioners consume large amount of electric power. So avenues of developing energy efficient refrigeration and air conditioning systems with nature friendly refrigerants need to be explored. The rapid advances in nanotechnology have led to emerging of new generation heat transfer fluids called Nano fluids. Nano fluids are prepared by suspending nano sized particles (1-100nm) in conventional fluids and have higher thermal conductivity than the base fluids. The researchers continuously working on increasing cooling capacity and developing a cooling system that is energy efficient. The use of nanorefrigerant in small amount in vapor compression refrigeration system aided in improving system performance. This paper focuses on extensive literature review on thermal performance of the VCRs system used in a residential refrigerator using nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant.
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Cooling towers assume a pivotal role across diverse industries, HVAC systems, and power generation by effectively dissipating heat through the evaporation of water. The imperative of optimizing cooling tower performance cannot be... more
Cooling towers assume a pivotal role across diverse industries, HVAC systems, and power generation by effectively dissipating heat through the evaporation of water. The imperative of optimizing cooling tower performance cannot be overstated, as it underpins both economic feasibility and environmental stewardship. This comprehensive review amalgamates recent research endeavours dedicated to enhancing cooling tower efficiency. Key focus areas encompass the intricacies of heat and mass transfer, water distribution methodologies, fan speed fine-tuning, and meticulous exergy analysis. By synthesizing a diverse corpus of studies, this review provides a comprehensive vista on strategies and innovations that conduce to the heightened efficiency of cooling tower operations, rendering it an indispensable compendium for engineers, researchers, and practitioners. The amalgamation of these discernments catalyses endeavours toward energy-conscious and ecologically sustainable cooling tower operation. In parallel, this literature review delves into the dynamic sphere of cooling tower technology, spotlighting recent progressions in cooling tower fill media technology and their consequential ramifications for bolstering heat dissipation efficiency and sustainability. An array of research inquiries is scrutinized, underscoring their potential to usher in enhanced energy efficiency and bolster environmental sustainability across the gamut of industrial applications. This survey also investigates pioneering approaches, spanning deflector plate configurations, numerical modelling, auxiliary ventilation strategies, and the repercussions of air equalization on cooling tower performance. Furthermore, it expounds on groundbreaking studies poised at the intersection of mitigating emissions and elevating the design paradigms of cooling towers, accentuating their multifaceted impact on industrial processes. This comprehensive exploration of these scholarly investigations avails valuable insights and lays the groundwork for the optimization of cooling tower functions, with a firm resolve to elevate their operational performance.
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This paper reports the mass imbalance in a propeller studied theoretically, experimentally, with blades made of aluminum. These propellers have been used in aircraft engines to generate thrust and for other needs, for example as a force... more
This paper reports the mass imbalance in a propeller studied theoretically, experimentally, with blades made of aluminum. These propellers have been used in aircraft engines to generate thrust and for other needs, for example as a force generator for aircraft maneuvering needs. This research was completed using a half car model running on a rough track to model heaving and pitching movements. Modeling these imperfections, in this research to model an imperfect propeller shaft. A rough path in the bearing contact path is a source of excitation that causes vibration to occur. In this research, information was obtained that with wear on rolling bearings, the frequency response will produce harmonics at higher frequencies. In the propeller shaft model, the shaft modeling is similar to using a 4 degrees of freedom half car model. However, the excitation comes from an unbalanced propeller. In this case the propeller will be used as a test tool which rotates at 100 rpm. This is to provide the ability to balance statically and/or dynamically or use IoT. The vibration response is obtained by simulation in the software. If such maintenance equipment is available, and all conditions of bearing stiffness, damping and mass are in a state of precise determination, then the teaching becomes more perfect. The research helps aircraft mechanical engineers determine vibration response. Our dynamic propeller laboratory dreams of creating a lab. Static and dynamic with controllers using IoT
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Rolling element bearings are one of the machine components that transmit excitation and play an important role in the effective operation of rotary machines. This element is one of the main non-linear sources of machine rotation which... more
Rolling element bearings are one of the machine components that transmit excitation and play an important role in the effective operation of rotary machines. This element is one of the main non-linear sources of machine rotation which significantly influences machine stiffeningThe main source of non-linearity comes from internal radius clearance, unbalanced forces, Hertzian contact, stiffness, damping, number of rolling elements, bearing preload, and so on. Routine maintenance tasks such as lubrication, cleaning and inspection can help prevent premature bearing failure and extend machine life. By performing routine preventive maintenance, businesses minimize downtime and increase productivity, ultimately resulting in cost savings and improved performance. This research has provided a practical understanding of the phenomenon, with wear there will be a response to various defects that must be considered, such as unbalance, mis-alignment, wear and others.Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the large dynamic force on the roller due to unbalanced forces on both sides of the roller and deviation of the axial distance of the bearing are the main causes of abnormal wear. In the following article we discuss common causes of bearing failure, best lubrication practices, how to check and clean bearings, when to replace them, and much more.
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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing is widely used within both hobbyist and industrial applications for its superior printing speed and cost-effectiveness in comparison to other conventional technologies, such as fused deposition... more
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing is widely used within both hobbyist and industrial applications for its superior printing speed and cost-effectiveness in comparison to other conventional technologies, such as fused deposition modeling. Some of the drawbacks of FFF technology, however, include the limited electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of its parts. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to improve the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of FFF parts by optimizing the infill parameters used in the printing process in conjunction with performing a copper electroplating of the parts. This was done by fabricating 3D prints at varying infill densities, which were then coated with a conductive paint and electroplated with copper. It was found that the electroplated parts had higher UTS values (p < 0.01) and lower resistances (p < 0.01), and that the magnitude of change in resistance and UTS values also increased across infill densities following electrolysis (p < 0.05). These results reflect the viability of accessible materials in optimizing the conductivity and mechanical strength of 3D prints, thus expanding industrial applicability of additive manufacturing in areas including rapid-prototyping.
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The engine mounting plays an important role in reducing the noise, vibrations and harshness for improving vehicle ride comfort. The first and the foremost function of an engine mounting bracket is to properly balance the engine on aero... more
The engine mounting plays an important role in reducing the noise, vibrations and harshness for improving vehicle ride comfort. The first and the foremost function of an engine mounting bracket is to properly balance the engine on aero plane wing for good motion control as well as good isolation.
This project deals structural and fatigue analysis of engine bracket operating at three different temperatures with applied loads. Normal operating loads are applied and thermal loads are kept at room temperatures,
-40°C and +52°C conditions. Fatigue life is evaluated at critical locations. Goodman criteria is used for means stress correction and S-N curve is use to evaluate the number of cycles. Cumulative fatigue damage is carried out using Miner’s rule. Critical locations are evaluated for fatigue life and damage estimation.
The results are evaluated and verification is done for strength and durability of the engine bracket operation at different temperature environments. Fasteners selection verification is carried out in the current analysis.
This project deals structural and fatigue analysis of engine bracket operating at three different temperatures with applied loads. Normal operating loads are applied and thermal loads are kept at room temperatures,
-40°C and +52°C conditions. Fatigue life is evaluated at critical locations. Goodman criteria is used for means stress correction and S-N curve is use to evaluate the number of cycles. Cumulative fatigue damage is carried out using Miner’s rule. Critical locations are evaluated for fatigue life and damage estimation.
The results are evaluated and verification is done for strength and durability of the engine bracket operation at different temperature environments. Fasteners selection verification is carried out in the current analysis.
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Energy is one of the most important factors affecting the stability of any system and therefore, dealing with different energy systems is very important to get the most out of energy resources. Energy sources are divided into conventional... more
Energy is one of the most important factors affecting the stability of any system and therefore, dealing with different energy systems is very important to get the most out of energy resources. Energy sources are divided into conventional and renewable sources, and both are involved in securing the energy needed to meet the requirements of different engineering systems, and they also participate to a large extent in a number of supporting systems to complement the use of different types of energy. Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between two process streams. Heat exchangers can be used for cooling, heating, condensing, boiling or evaporating purposes. Efficiency and efficiency can be measured by the amount of heat transfer using the least heat transfer area and pressure drop. The objective of this work was to manufacture two coil-intube heat exchangers with step1" and 2" and to analyze the thermal efficiency of the two heat exchangers.
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It has also become great consideration as a research entity because of the unstable character of the system. The two-wheel self-balancing robot is based on the fundamental principle of Inverted pendulum. Inverted pendulum has many... more
It has also become great consideration as a research entity because of the unstable character of the system. The two-wheel self-balancing robot is based on the fundamental principle of Inverted pendulum. Inverted pendulum has many practical applications such as human walking robots, missile launchers, earthquake resistant building design etc. Development of control system for a two-wheel self-balancing robot has been a huge area of research for the past few years. This is mainly due to its nonlinear dynamics. It became an important test platform for the design and development of missiles, automobiles, space crafts, robots.
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When compared to conventional welding techniques reported in the literature, the friction stir welding process is an advanced welding technique that offers numerous advantages. In a brief, the advantages: 1. Good weld quality 2. Power... more
When compared to conventional welding techniques reported in the literature, the friction stir welding process is an advanced welding technique that offers numerous advantages. In a brief, the advantages: 1. Good weld quality 2. Power consumption is decreased 3. No flux or filler material, etc. This FSW process i s considered as the research project because of its advantages and the growing popularity of the FSW process in various automobile and aerospace industries. The effects of process parameters such as tool rotational speed, weld speed, and tilt angle on the responses and tensile strength in dissimilar welding of Aluminum alloys of various grades utilizing the solid-state welding technique Friction Stir Welding are reported in this work. The weld joint was tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Brinell harness number (BHN). Taguchi method was used to obtain the optimum process parameters and then ANOVA test was carried out to find the contribution and most significant process parameter effecting the ultimate tensile strength and Brinell hardness number.
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One of the biggest challenges for the aviation industry in today's scenario is keeping jet fuel consumption as low as possible to maintain business profitability and meet low carbon emission requirements. This makes a revolution in... more
One of the biggest challenges for the aviation industry in today's scenario is keeping jet fuel consumption as low as possible to maintain business profitability and meet low carbon emission requirements. This makes a revolution in aircraft design imperative. With the development of advanced computational techniques, researchers in this field are increasingly interested in exploring reliable numerical approaches to study the design changes necessary to achieve stated goals. Wingtip devices, commonly referred to as winglets, have shown to reduce approximately 40% of the total drag experienced by an aircraft by reducing wingtip vortices. This article mainly focuses on numerical investigation techniques used and explored by different researchers to validate the method by comparing experimental results of previous investigations in wind tunnel testing. Achieving error-free and reliable results with minimal computation time remains a challenge. There are many open-source and prepackaged software packages available that can be used to perform the simulations necessary for optimized and rapid results. Numerically proven methods help reduce experimental testing, reducing setup costs and time.
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This paper presents the design and implementation of an aerial surveillance quadcopter for search and rescue applications. The aim of this research is to develop a real-time, compact and cost-effective drone that will be capable of search... more
This paper presents the design and implementation of an aerial surveillance quadcopter for search and rescue applications. The aim of this research is to develop a real-time, compact and cost-effective drone that will be capable of search and rescue operations. The first phase of the paper considered modeling of the quadcopter while the second phase involved system implementation and simulation. The basic components used for the quadcopter design were Nirvaino Multi-rotor Flight Control Board, brushless motors, Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs), SkyZone FPV Wireless Receiver, LiPoly Cell Battery, Mobius Camera, and 4mm Heat Shrink Tube. The design takes cognizance of the structure model, and hovering stability of the quadcopter. The frame of the quadcopter was made up of very light glass fiber to ensure stability while flying and also to reduce weight of the overall material. The entire design generated a compact and low cost surveillance quadcopter with weight of approximately 1.50kg; which can take photographs from environments with the aid of the onboard mounted camera. Live streaming was done with the help of laptop during flight.
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Nuclear pool boiling has been the primary focus for research in heat transfer arena and has drawn the attention of many research scholars. Invoking the recent theories of bubble and vapour mass growth on heating surface in nucleate pool... more
Nuclear pool boiling has been the primary focus for research in heat transfer arena and has drawn the attention of many research scholars. Invoking the recent theories of bubble and vapour mass growth on heating surface in nucleate pool boiling postulated the formation of thin liquid layers between the solid surface and the growing vapour. The high rates of heat transfer in boiling occurs owing to the transient heat conduction through the thin layer in presence of high temperature differential across it. In this paper, the mechanism of formation of these layers and their effect on heat transfer by nucleate boiling process is analysed. In order to understand this phenomenon, existing studies on nucleate boiling heat transfer, as well as characteristics of boiling phenomena such as bubble departure diameter, microlayer as well as macrolayer formation, bubble departure frequency, and their impact on pool boiling heat transfer is analysed and result are validated by invoking the previous research works. The comparison of results of former exploration done till date with the experimental results shows that this model can be considered capable of fairly accurate predictions regarding heat transfer during the nuclear boiling process.
Research Interests:
Monel alloy 400, a mixture of copper and nickel is widely renowned for its resistance to chemical and physical strength. This alloy is most likely among the toughest as well as least corrosive metal recognized in the industry and research... more
Monel alloy 400, a mixture of copper and nickel is widely renowned for its resistance to chemical and physical strength. This alloy is most likely among the toughest as well as least corrosive metal recognized in the industry and research fields. These qualities have increased its uses in a variety of domains such as aerospace, marine, and automotive. Because work hardens fast on its surface, Monel alloys are very difficult to cut using typical machine equipment or other procedures.The current study examines the effect of ECM method parameters like applied voltage source (V), electrolyte conc. (EC) as well as inter electrode gap (IEG) upon material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), including surface roughness (Ra). The basic electrolytes utilized in machining of Monel Alloy 400 are a mixture of aqueous sodium nitrate (NaNO3) & sodium chloride (NaCl). As an experimental strategy, the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) generated from response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized and effects of variables and their relationships are investigated, and process variables are adjusted.
Research Interests:
Components in engineering applications often have discontinuities and abrupt change in cross sections which may be present owing to their functional requirements like oil holes, grooves, keyways etc. This would result in localization of... more
Components in engineering applications often have discontinuities and abrupt change in cross sections which may be present owing to their functional requirements like oil holes, grooves, keyways etc. This would result in localization of high stresses when these components are subjected to loading. Situation becomes more hazardous to the material if the loading is not static and varying in magnitude with time. This fatigue phenomenon reduces the resistance of the material under fluctuating stresses. Fatigue can be defined as a failure taking place by the formation and growth of cracks due to repeated stresses. Fatigue design is considered to be complex as the failure sometimes occurs abruptly without any indication about the initiation of the failure. It is evident from experience that, around 80% of structural failures is due to insufficient fatigue design. Prodigious work is done in the field of fatigue design but there is still lot of scope in this area. C.S.Yen et.al. Reviewed lot on the literature and concluded that, the fatigue notch-sensitivity of a metal member depends upon three different factors namely, the basic material characteristics, the degree of material homogeneity, and the geometry of the member (C.S. Yen, 1952). M.Makkonnen showed that when the notch gets sharper, the magnitude of the plastic portion of the strain starts to play an important role in the fatigue crack initiation, and the fatigue limit is lower than that prediction is by statistical and geometric size effects. In those cases, fatigue limits should be arrived, by assuming the notch to be an initial crack with the notch depth being considered as the depth of the crack and the fatigue limit is computed to this crack by banking upon linear elastic fracture mechanics and the stress intensity factor range threshold (M. Makkonen, 2003). Yoshiaki Akiniwa et. al. demonstrated that, for specimens with circumferential notch, fatigue fracture starts from the surface or very near the surface. The slip deformation is often responsible for the crack initiation in high cycle and very high cycle regimes (Yoshiaki Akiniwa, 2006). A.J.McEvily et.al. proved that, for holes of radii less than 1 mm in the steel investigated, the notch fatigue factor, KF, is dependent upon crack closure and for holes of radii in the range of 1–5 mm in the steel investigated; the analysis indicates that KF is constant and dependent upon the ratio σmax/σy (A.J. McEvily, 2008). M. Zehsaz et.al. Showed that the volumetric approach gives good results in predicting the fatigue life of the notched specimens. The effect of notch radius for different notched specimens was investigated to observe the stress concentration factor, notch strength reduction factor, and fatigue life of the specimens (M. Zehsaz, 2010). G.H.Majzoobi et.al. demonstrated that notch geometry has profound effect on fatigue life of materials. For high strength steel this reduction is roughly about 50%. For low strength -steel alloy, however, the reduction depends on fatigue life and varies from 20% for low cycle fatigue tests up to 75% for high cycles fatigue tests. The maximum and minimum fatigue life reduction occurs for the V-shape and U-shape notches, respectively (G.H. Majzoobi, 2010). Baohua Nie et. al. concluded that fatigue life improves with the increase in the crack initiation depth. The scatter of the fatigue property should be carefully considered in fatigue design (Baohua Nie, 2018). M.L. Aggarwal et. al. developed a numerical model using stress approach to predict the fatigue life of a shot-peened mechanical component (M.L. Aggarwal, 2006).
The current research work aims at finding the pressure that the selected material can sustain in tension at a fixed stress level and fatigue life. Specimens are fabricated with different geometries of notches on them. The width, depth and central angle of the notch are varied and the fatigue life is found out using finite element method (R. Marimuthu, 2014) (J. Jagadesh Kumar, 2017). The design of experiments using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is selected to know the impact of each parameter on the pressure bearing capacity and thereby on the fatigue life. Numerous finite element method runs are conducted in an iterative approach using ANSYS 18.1 to get the target values of stress and fatigue life.
The current research work aims at finding the pressure that the selected material can sustain in tension at a fixed stress level and fatigue life. Specimens are fabricated with different geometries of notches on them. The width, depth and central angle of the notch are varied and the fatigue life is found out using finite element method (R. Marimuthu, 2014) (J. Jagadesh Kumar, 2017). The design of experiments using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is selected to know the impact of each parameter on the pressure bearing capacity and thereby on the fatigue life. Numerous finite element method runs are conducted in an iterative approach using ANSYS 18.1 to get the target values of stress and fatigue life.
Research Interests:
Most of the machine parts can be created by any one of the various manufacturing methods such as forging, machining, casting or welding methods. Choice of the manufacturing method depends on production costs of the alternatives for... more
Most of the machine parts can be created by any one of the various manufacturing methods such as forging, machining, casting or welding methods. Choice of the manufacturing method depends on production costs of the alternatives for individual parts. Turning, grinding, lapping, etc. are the most common surface machining processes commonly employed in all manufacturing units to develop the components having high quality. The main aim of this project is to design and fabricate a suitable attachment for cylindrical grinding machine to turn cylindrical rods. It reduces the machining time to grinding cylindrical rods in cylindrical grinding machine to. This attachment is very economical when compared to all other attachments that are used to turn and grind at same place/simultaneously.
Research Interests:
This paper presents a study of surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MMR) obtained in surface grinding of hardened (58-62) BÖHLER K340 ISIODUR die steel under flood cooling In this work, empirical models are developed for... more
This paper presents a study of surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MMR) obtained in surface grinding of hardened (58-62) BÖHLER K340 ISIODUR die steel under flood cooling In this work, empirical models are developed for surface roughness and material removal rate by considering Depth of Cut, feed and table feed as control factors using full factorial design and Response Surface Methodology for design of experiment. In response surface methodology and full factorial design 13, 27 experiments were conducted in the surface grinding machine. The surface roughness values were entered in the Minitab19 software and the optimal solution was obtained. The optimum parameter was attained at the maximum overall desirability. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to confirm the model adequacy. From the results of the study, for equal weights of responses, the corresponding optimal values of the input parameters depth of cut, cross-feed and table speed were found to be 7μm, 150 m/min, 18 m/min respectively.
Research Interests:
This present work aims to compare the Tensile properties of 17-4PH stainless steel with two different processes. The first is the ADAM Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing process, and the second process is making a sample for 17-4PH... more
This present work aims to compare the Tensile properties of 17-4PH stainless steel with two different processes. The first is
the ADAM Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing process, and the second process is making a sample for 17-4PH with
a metal plate. Mark forged ADAM is a patented process for Additive Manufacturing Process Metal Extrusion by
Markforged. In this process, the 17-4PH metal powder is converted into a wire filament, and the filament is prepared with
metal powder encased in a plastic binder. The ADAM process consists of three processes. 1. Printing, 2. Washing 3.
Sintering. In WASH chamber filled with specific liquid under which green part is kept for dissolving the binding substance
available in the printed part, leaving the part semi-porous so that the remaining binder may easily burn during sintering.
This debinding step cleans your sintering furnace and purifies the finished metal part. The Sinter-2 fits the whole
construction volume of the Metal X thanks to its sizeable active hot zone (more than 22,280 cubic cm). It's ideal for largescale production or batch production. This heavy-duty furnace sinters a wide variety of commercial-grade metals from their
brown (washed) state to fully dense metal pieces. The second Sample is made from a 17-4PH stainless steel plate. With the
help of some non-conventional machines, the required dog bone shape for the tensile test can be achieved.
the ADAM Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing process, and the second process is making a sample for 17-4PH with
a metal plate. Mark forged ADAM is a patented process for Additive Manufacturing Process Metal Extrusion by
Markforged. In this process, the 17-4PH metal powder is converted into a wire filament, and the filament is prepared with
metal powder encased in a plastic binder. The ADAM process consists of three processes. 1. Printing, 2. Washing 3.
Sintering. In WASH chamber filled with specific liquid under which green part is kept for dissolving the binding substance
available in the printed part, leaving the part semi-porous so that the remaining binder may easily burn during sintering.
This debinding step cleans your sintering furnace and purifies the finished metal part. The Sinter-2 fits the whole
construction volume of the Metal X thanks to its sizeable active hot zone (more than 22,280 cubic cm). It's ideal for largescale production or batch production. This heavy-duty furnace sinters a wide variety of commercial-grade metals from their
brown (washed) state to fully dense metal pieces. The second Sample is made from a 17-4PH stainless steel plate. With the
help of some non-conventional machines, the required dog bone shape for the tensile test can be achieved.
Research Interests:
The Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) have been becoming suitable materials for many devices in the application of various fields like heavy equipment’s industry, automobile, aeronautics and etc. because of its excellent physical... more
The Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) have been becoming suitable materials for many devices in the application of various fields like heavy equipment’s industry, automobile, aeronautics and etc. because of its excellent physical and structural characteristics. The research on AMMC dealt the effect of reinforcement such as fly-ash, SiC, Al2O3, Graphite, B4C, Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN), TiC, on aluminium in different percentages. Every reinforcement has its own characteristics that enhance the base aluminium characteristics when added. By adding these types of reinforcement to metal base led to enhance the properties like wear resistance, stiffness, creep, tensile strength, fatigue, toughness, thermal conductivity, hardness in comparison with traditional approach on materials engineering. This review paper was aimed to give the detailed information about the impact of various reinforcements incorporated in matrix by illustrating its benefits and drawbacks. This extensive survey on AMMC could be useful to develop farther.
Research Interests:
Now a day due to development of economy and research in science the standard of living increases worldwide and hence energy consumption in the houses, building, corporate offices is increase worldwide. In case of air conditioning the HVAC... more
Now a day due to development of economy and research in science the standard of living increases worldwide and hence energy consumption in the houses, building, corporate offices is increase worldwide. In case of air conditioning the HVAC system is developed and electrically driven vapor compression air conditioning unit specially in hot weather. Electrically driven VCR consumes very high grade energy and it is also hazardous to our environment. On other hand thermally driven adsorption refrigeration and systems got considerable attention now a day not due to its manufacturing simplicity, but also having environment friendly adsorbent /refrigerant pairs. This paper work is aim for testing a prototype of vapour adsorption refrigeration system using aqua ammonia and 1KW capacity has been tested in the laboratory of vapour adsorption. In present work the heating time required to achieve the cooling effect is around 10 minutes.
Research Interests:
Lift is a simple device use to raise the object from ground level to a certain height to perform a specific work with aiming of possible maximum load and minimum efforts. Lifts are generally operated either hydraulic, pneumatic or... more
Lift is a simple device use to raise the object from ground level to a certain height to perform a specific work with aiming of possible maximum load and minimum efforts. Lifts are generally operated either hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical type. In many vehicle manufacturing industries, there are using lifting mechanism for loading and unloading operations which have to invest a huge capital for installing a exsisting bulkey and large platform which generally based on hydraulic means. This type of machine uses while export and import business. The main purpose of our study is to design and development of loading and unloading platform for two wheelers. Material selection plays important role in designing a machine and also influence on several factor such as strength, reliability, durability and resistance which leads to increase the life of lift. The aim of the project is to design and development of wire rope operated platform which lifts maximum 877.5 kg load including factor of safety with minimum time and labour for per cycle operation. Platform movement is achieved safely by using wire rope with the help of gear motor and drum assembly mechanism is of 2.8 m from the ground level. The design is performed by considering a mechanical lift as a portable, suitable for all type of load application and without any hydraulic or pneumatic means. The design is developed keeping in mind that consideration of all safety parameters. Lubrication required in few moving parts only. The aim of this paper is design, analysis and fabrication of a mechanical lift model which operate efficiently, consistently, sholud be easy to handle, multifunctional, cost effective, compact in size. Drafting and drawing of loading and unloading mechanical lift carried out in AUTOCAD with suitable modeling. The analysis of mechanical lift includes total deformation load, reaction forces, buckling and bending failures, equivalent stresses were done in ANSYS Software. Finally this analysis of strength, toughness, elasticity and temperature distribution is carried out in order to check the coherance of the design value.
Research Interests:
A nozzle is a relatively simple device that consists of a specifically formed tube that allows hot gases to flow through it. However, the mathematics that describes the nozzle's operation necessitates some thought. Nozzles are available... more
A nozzle is a relatively simple device that consists of a specifically formed tube that allows hot gases to flow through it. However, the mathematics that describes the nozzle's operation necessitates some thought. Nozzles are available in a wide range of forms and sizes. A fixed geometry convergent nozzle is common on simple turbojets and turboprops. A co-annular nozzle is commonly used in turbofan engines. The core flow exits the central nozzle, while the annular nozzle exits the fan flow. The mixing of the two flows increases thrust, and these nozzles are also quieter than convergent nozzles.
A variable geometry convergent-divergent CD nozzle is required for afterburning turbojets and turbofans. The flow in this nozzle first converges down to the smallest area, or throat, before expanding via the divergent segment to the right exit. These nozzles are heavier than fixed geometry nozzles because of the variable geometry, however variable geometry allows more efficient engine running across a larger airflow range than a conventional fixed nozzle. Nozzles are also used in rocket engines to accelerate hot exhaust and generate thrust. A fixed geometry CD nozzle is used in rocket engines, having a significantly greater divergent section than is required for a gas turbine.
A variable geometry convergent-divergent CD nozzle is required for afterburning turbojets and turbofans. The flow in this nozzle first converges down to the smallest area, or throat, before expanding via the divergent segment to the right exit. These nozzles are heavier than fixed geometry nozzles because of the variable geometry, however variable geometry allows more efficient engine running across a larger airflow range than a conventional fixed nozzle. Nozzles are also used in rocket engines to accelerate hot exhaust and generate thrust. A fixed geometry CD nozzle is used in rocket engines, having a significantly greater divergent section than is required for a gas turbine.
Research Interests:
Laser welding will be an important welding process for different applications in aerospace , aircraft , automotive, electronics and other industries, due to its capabilities like minimum heat affected zone, welding of various... more
Laser welding will be an important welding process for different applications in aerospace , aircraft , automotive, electronics and other industries, due to its capabilities like minimum heat affected zone, welding of various thicknesses, adoptability to welding of various materials possessing widely varying physical properties like melting point, absorption, reflectivity etc. It utilizes laser source as a non contact heat generation technology to weld different materials so as to achieve welds of high quality narrow width and high penetration depths without the need of filler wires. It may be necessary to understand the effect of process parameters on the weldability of materials for successful welding. Laser welding popularly uses two types of lasers like CO2 and Nd:YAG (neodymium doped yttrium – aluminium – garnet) with different powers. Nd:YAG lasers are used to weld materials of different thicknesses involving powers upto 5 kW. Whereas, CO2 lasers are used for applications which involve higher powers upto 20 kW. Laser welding allows a direct transition from light energy into heat energy. This technique is involved with the process of laser - matter interaction in which various parameters such as pulse energy, pulse duration, spot size, welding speed, laser power, weld width, penetration depth, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, thermodynamic properties etc. are used for analysis. This paper presents a review of the different parameters including process as well as materials on the weldability of various materials like carbon steels, stainless steels, magnesium alloys, aluminium alloys, refractory materials such as vanadium, titanium, zirconium, tantalum etc. The selection of appropriate parameter for welding of specified material is discussed. The prominent weld defects common to the laser welding such as porosity, oxide inclusions, cracking, loss of alloying elements etc., are discussed as related to the microstructure as well as mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and fatigue strength etc.
Research Interests:
Now a day due to development of economy and research in science the standard of living increases worldwide and hence energy consumption in the houses, building, corporate offices is increase worldwide. In case of air conditioning the HVAC... more
Now a day due to development of economy and research in science the standard of living increases worldwide and hence energy consumption in the houses, building, corporate offices is increase worldwide. In case of air conditioning the HVAC system is developed and electrically driven vapor compression air conditioning unit specially in hot weather. Electrically driven VCR consumes very high grade energy and it is also hazardous to our environment. On other hand thermallydriven adsorption refrigeration and systems got considerable attention now a day not due to its manufacturing simplicity , but also having environment friendly adsorbent/refrigerant pairs. This paper work is aim for testing a prototype of vapour adsorption refrigeration system using aqua ammonia and 1KW capacity has been tested in the laboratory of vapour adsorption. In present work the heating time required to achieve the cooling effect is around 10 minutes.
Research Interests:
Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (P-GMAW) is extensively used in high hi-tech industries for fabrication of materials to gain better productivity and quality. Grade B MS ASTM A 106 is carbon steel material can be easily welded by all types of... more
Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (P-GMAW) is extensively used in high hi-tech industries for fabrication of materials to gain better productivity and quality. Grade B MS ASTM A 106 is carbon steel material can be easily welded by all types of fusion welding processes for high temperature service. P-GMAW achieves coalescence of metals by melting constantly fed current-carrying wire. This process needs consistent, high-quality welding procedures to accomplishexcellent quality of weld and attractive looking. This requires due to continuous control metal transfer that is essential in P-GMAW for thin metal work pieces. In this paper welding process parameters considered are viz., Current, Gas Flow Rate (GFR) and Wire Feed Rate (WFR). For performance assessment of a weld bead the output variables considered are Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS, N/mm2), Yield Strength (YS, N/mm2) and % of elongation. Trials have been conducted based on Taguchi's L 27 standard orthogonal array.This paper establishes how NDT methods and image processing technique could be applied to MS ASTM A 106 B grade material weld bead for assessment of mechanical properties during destructive testing. Using image processing by multivision techniques for different loading conditions, image features like area and height of weld bead have been extracted.For quality inspection and process monitoring, vision techniques play a significant role. Though vision technology pixel processing and edge recognition are improved consistently and reliably achieved. From the established trend and study conducted it is evident that multivision technique and NDT methods are capable of quantifying the parameters associated with performance of wed bead joints. The trend established using image processing features correlating well with traditional measurement.
Research Interests:
This document is for preparing the publication version of an accepted manuscript for International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering. Authors are expected to use this template for preparing their final version... more
This document is for preparing the publication version of an accepted manuscript for International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering. Authors are expected to use this template for preparing their final version of the article. This document also gives the instruction for preparing the manuscript for submission. It may be a wise practice use this template as the basis of your manuscript and populate with your content without altering the formatting of the document. Ideally, there should be 150-250 words in the abstract, although authors can be allowed to furnish articles with a slightly lower or higher word count for the abstract depending on the nature of the article and the research. However, authors should keep in mind that an abstract of the article is a brief paragraph of text, which highlights the value of their article and the research. Therefore, authors should include any key information or valuable results, in brief, to help the readers to understand the article and its focus. Abstracts that include the study objectives, high-level approach to the problem, related results, and possible policy implications as conclusions would attract a wider audience and might be helpful for potential citations. Writing a perfect abstract may be a challenging task with the limited freedom on space; try your best to include meaningful and complete sentences instead of less readable and out of context phrases, which make the abstract less coherent. Consider the appropriate grammar, often, abstract is written in the past tense.
Research Interests:
Drones have the ability to gather real time data cost effectively, to deliver payloads and have initiated the rapid evolution of many industrial, commercial, and recreational applications. Unfortunately, there has been a slower expansion... more
Drones have the ability to gather real time data cost effectively, to deliver payloads and have initiated the rapid evolution of many industrial, commercial, and recreational applications. Unfortunately, there has been a slower expansion in the field of medicine. This article provides a comprehensive review of current and future drone applications in medicine, in hopes of empowering and inspiring more aggressive investigation.
Research Interests:
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. The present work has focused on the performance of tyre oil its blend with ethanol on a double cylinder, 4 stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection, water cooled,... more
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. The present work
has focused on the performance of tyre oil its blend with ethanol on a double cylinder, 4 stroke,
naturally aspirated, direct injection, water cooled, and eddy current dynamometer kirloskar diesel
engine at 1500 rpm for variable loads. Initially, tyre oil and their blends were chosen. The
physical and chemical properties of tyre oil their blends were determined. In general, viscosity of
neat tyre is high, which can be reduced through blending with ethanol and heating them. The
performance and emission characteristics of engine are determined using tyre oil blend with
ethanol. These results are compared to those of pure bio-diesel. By analyzing the graphs, it was
observed that the performance characteristics are reduced and emission characteristics are
increased at the rated load compared to those of bio-diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, high viscosity and delayed combustion process. From the critical analysis of graphs, it can
be observed that 20% of ethanol and with 80% of tyre oil is the best suited blend for diesel
engine without any engine modifications. It is concluded that tyre oil can be used as an alternate
to diesel.
has focused on the performance of tyre oil its blend with ethanol on a double cylinder, 4 stroke,
naturally aspirated, direct injection, water cooled, and eddy current dynamometer kirloskar diesel
engine at 1500 rpm for variable loads. Initially, tyre oil and their blends were chosen. The
physical and chemical properties of tyre oil their blends were determined. In general, viscosity of
neat tyre is high, which can be reduced through blending with ethanol and heating them. The
performance and emission characteristics of engine are determined using tyre oil blend with
ethanol. These results are compared to those of pure bio-diesel. By analyzing the graphs, it was
observed that the performance characteristics are reduced and emission characteristics are
increased at the rated load compared to those of bio-diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, high viscosity and delayed combustion process. From the critical analysis of graphs, it can
be observed that 20% of ethanol and with 80% of tyre oil is the best suited blend for diesel
engine without any engine modifications. It is concluded that tyre oil can be used as an alternate
to diesel.
Research Interests:
Plastic composite material has been in to frontier of research as one of the new competitive materials in engineering. Especially, fiber reinforced plastic (FRPs) is a relatively new class of composite material manufactured from fibers... more
Plastic composite material has been in to frontier of research as one of the new
competitive materials in engineering. Especially, fiber reinforced plastic (FRPs) is a
relatively new class of composite material manufactured from fibers and resins, and has
proven efficient and economical for the development and repair of new and deteriorating
structures. In this work, we report the effect of moisture on the mechanical properties of
epoxy composites strengthened with MWNTs. Different composition of carbon
nanotubes (MWNT) (0.1 -0.2%) were mixed with epoxy matrix by sonication method
and castings were prepared by moulding technique. The different mechanical properties
were evaluated at room temperature. One set of samples were immersed in distilled water
at 50°C for moisture absorption and strength degradation studies. The moisture
absorption data on each specimen is tabulated and analyzed for the absorption
characteristics. From the moisture absorption curves, maximum moisture content and
diffusion coefficients were calculated for all the samples. The wet mechanical properties
important for the technological applications were generated including fracture toughness,
flexural strength and modulus. Also, the specimens were tested for the degradation
studies after the absorption of maximum moisture. In addition to the above
investigations, the hardness of the resulting nano composites was also checked. All the
studies were carried out to characterize neat resin castings of the resin system under study
with and without carbon nano tubes and thus generate some data on various properties as
mentioned above. However, there is a lot of scope for future work on neat resin castings
and as well as at laminate level on these nanocomposites to optimize these composites
for practical aerospace applications especially for the fuselage of the air flights.
competitive materials in engineering. Especially, fiber reinforced plastic (FRPs) is a
relatively new class of composite material manufactured from fibers and resins, and has
proven efficient and economical for the development and repair of new and deteriorating
structures. In this work, we report the effect of moisture on the mechanical properties of
epoxy composites strengthened with MWNTs. Different composition of carbon
nanotubes (MWNT) (0.1 -0.2%) were mixed with epoxy matrix by sonication method
and castings were prepared by moulding technique. The different mechanical properties
were evaluated at room temperature. One set of samples were immersed in distilled water
at 50°C for moisture absorption and strength degradation studies. The moisture
absorption data on each specimen is tabulated and analyzed for the absorption
characteristics. From the moisture absorption curves, maximum moisture content and
diffusion coefficients were calculated for all the samples. The wet mechanical properties
important for the technological applications were generated including fracture toughness,
flexural strength and modulus. Also, the specimens were tested for the degradation
studies after the absorption of maximum moisture. In addition to the above
investigations, the hardness of the resulting nano composites was also checked. All the
studies were carried out to characterize neat resin castings of the resin system under study
with and without carbon nano tubes and thus generate some data on various properties as
mentioned above. However, there is a lot of scope for future work on neat resin castings
and as well as at laminate level on these nanocomposites to optimize these composites
for practical aerospace applications especially for the fuselage of the air flights.
Research Interests:
The brake system is an important part of an automobile. It plays a vital role in helping the driver to reduce the speed of an automobile or to stop the automobile. Initially, when automobiles were first introduced, they were equipped with... more
The brake system is an important part of an automobile. It plays a vital role in helping the driver to reduce the speed of an automobile or to stop the automobile. Initially, when automobiles were first introduced, they were equipped with drum brakes. These drum brakes were cheap, easy to install and atmospheric agents cannot hinder their performance. Despite these advantages, the major disadvantage of the drum brake system is the poor heat dissipation. To tackle this problem, the automotive engineers came up with the disc brake system. The brake rotor is one of the most critical components of the disc brake system. The brake rotor is made up of a pure metal or a metal with certain reinforcements. These brake rotors are circular with perforations made in a particular manner to enable faster dissipation. These perforations help to reduce the weight of the disc brake rotor. The disc brake rotor is fixed to the wheel hub with brake calipers. In this review article, I will be critically analyzing various research articles on the thermal and mechanical properties of various brake rotor materials used in automobiles.
Research Interests:
The objective of the present investigation is to realize the effect of implementation of Logistics4.0 sub-systems of Industry4.0 for an Enterprise in Assam. There is a negative gross domestic product (GDP) growth of -7.2 percent in... more
The objective of the present investigation is to realize the effect of implementation of
Logistics4.0 sub-systems of Industry4.0 for an Enterprise in Assam. There is a negative gross
domestic product (GDP) growth of -7.2 percent in 2020-21 in India because of covid 19
pandemic, frequent prolonged lockdowns, illness of employees, lack of transport and logistics
support for inbound and outbound raw materials and finished products. The study is considered
to highlight the challenges faced by the MSME’s of Assam and as well as their future
opportunities by implementing proper advanced technologies and guidance. Micro Small
Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which contributes 40% of production in India and these consist of
96% of total industries, so we can say that MSMEs are the actual backbone of Indian Industries.
Modernization is eminent which should be achieved sustainably and economically. To explore
the reasons in SMEs in Assam both online and off-line are considered.
In the present study also included to find the reasons and their remedies which are
responsible for low production and losses arise due to the restrictions followed for the pandemic.
And bound to provide reliable suggestions so that the enterprise can thrives and overcome
pandemics like COVID-19 in near future without compromising with production and distribution. This research considered an improved layout of an enterprise which is incorporated
with modern equipment and material handling and logistics.
Logistics4.0 sub-systems of Industry4.0 for an Enterprise in Assam. There is a negative gross
domestic product (GDP) growth of -7.2 percent in 2020-21 in India because of covid 19
pandemic, frequent prolonged lockdowns, illness of employees, lack of transport and logistics
support for inbound and outbound raw materials and finished products. The study is considered
to highlight the challenges faced by the MSME’s of Assam and as well as their future
opportunities by implementing proper advanced technologies and guidance. Micro Small
Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which contributes 40% of production in India and these consist of
96% of total industries, so we can say that MSMEs are the actual backbone of Indian Industries.
Modernization is eminent which should be achieved sustainably and economically. To explore
the reasons in SMEs in Assam both online and off-line are considered.
In the present study also included to find the reasons and their remedies which are
responsible for low production and losses arise due to the restrictions followed for the pandemic.
And bound to provide reliable suggestions so that the enterprise can thrives and overcome
pandemics like COVID-19 in near future without compromising with production and distribution. This research considered an improved layout of an enterprise which is incorporated
with modern equipment and material handling and logistics.
Research Interests:
In this thesis, an attempt is made to develop a semi-automatic prototype weeder of low cost and ergonomically designed using renewable energy sources. Solar energy is a more practical type of energy due to its abundant availability and it... more
In this thesis, an attempt is made to develop a semi-automatic prototype weeder of low cost and ergonomically designed using renewable energy sources. Solar energy is a more practical type of energy due to its abundant availability and it is derived directly from the sun. It is clean, cheap, and renewable energy which
is inexhaustible, freely available in adequate quantities.
This project implements solar panels, DC motors, batteries, rotor shafts, blades, handles, and wheels.
The complete assembly is resting on adjustable four wheels. The solar panel converts solar energy into electrical energy and this energy is stored in the battery. The battery supplies energy to the DC motors for producing rotational mechanical energy to the weeding tool. The weeding tool pulls out the weed along with its roots and aerates the soil. The developed prototype is compact in size & involves a low development cost. It involves a lesser number of parts and the least number of manufacturing processes which reduces the cost of the product and makes it affordable with mass production. It can be operated by an age group and is tested for is for the field performance and resulted in 0.4 acres per day which is higher when compared to 0.125 acres per day using manual weeding using human labor. Thus, this device saves time and reduces human fatigue, and increases productivity.
is inexhaustible, freely available in adequate quantities.
This project implements solar panels, DC motors, batteries, rotor shafts, blades, handles, and wheels.
The complete assembly is resting on adjustable four wheels. The solar panel converts solar energy into electrical energy and this energy is stored in the battery. The battery supplies energy to the DC motors for producing rotational mechanical energy to the weeding tool. The weeding tool pulls out the weed along with its roots and aerates the soil. The developed prototype is compact in size & involves a low development cost. It involves a lesser number of parts and the least number of manufacturing processes which reduces the cost of the product and makes it affordable with mass production. It can be operated by an age group and is tested for is for the field performance and resulted in 0.4 acres per day which is higher when compared to 0.125 acres per day using manual weeding using human labor. Thus, this device saves time and reduces human fatigue, and increases productivity.
Research Interests:
Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV’s) are one of the critical enabling engineering marvel technologies of today, developed for manufacturing ease. They are used to do dangerous, and a few impossible works that cannot be done by humans. This... more
Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV’s) are one of the critical enabling engineering marvel technologies of today,
developed for manufacturing ease. They are used to do dangerous, and a few impossible works that cannot be done by humans. This paper will focus on the changes to be made in the Security systems of a GPS enabled Automated Guided
Vehicle to prevent any kind of Data breaches or interferences in the GPS signals which could lead to a false signal location
to the receiver, which is known as GPS spoofing, as well as Improvement in the AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
making an autonomous guided vehicle a voice automated guided vehicle. As defined in the paper later that AGV’s today are mostly track bound, which comes with its limitations. So, an AGV with a GPS-controlled motion will be able to move freely without any constraints, meaning more work could be done out of them. This paper works on this futuristic approach and its problems related to GPS spoofing which could lead to hazardous outcomes. And providing a voice-enabled microcontroller means ease of accessibility of this freely moving AGV doing its job just as an employee in a
manufacturing plant. This paper aims to evoke discussion and elucidate the current research opportunities in the field of
AGV’s and to identify various problems in the security systems linked with an AGV and, suggest improvision.
developed for manufacturing ease. They are used to do dangerous, and a few impossible works that cannot be done by humans. This paper will focus on the changes to be made in the Security systems of a GPS enabled Automated Guided
Vehicle to prevent any kind of Data breaches or interferences in the GPS signals which could lead to a false signal location
to the receiver, which is known as GPS spoofing, as well as Improvement in the AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
making an autonomous guided vehicle a voice automated guided vehicle. As defined in the paper later that AGV’s today are mostly track bound, which comes with its limitations. So, an AGV with a GPS-controlled motion will be able to move freely without any constraints, meaning more work could be done out of them. This paper works on this futuristic approach and its problems related to GPS spoofing which could lead to hazardous outcomes. And providing a voice-enabled microcontroller means ease of accessibility of this freely moving AGV doing its job just as an employee in a
manufacturing plant. This paper aims to evoke discussion and elucidate the current research opportunities in the field of
AGV’s and to identify various problems in the security systems linked with an AGV and, suggest improvision.
Research Interests:
According to the test on a typical modern Euro 6 diesel engine conducted by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), it was found that it emits 7 to 10 times more Nitrogen Dioxide than the achieved Euro 6 Test Limits... more
According to the test on a typical modern Euro 6 diesel engine conducted by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), it was
found that it emits 7 to 10 times more Nitrogen Dioxide than the achieved Euro 6 Test Limits (80mg/ km). In 2018, a total of 24% of global CO2
emissions from fuel combustion came from transportation. This truly calls for the need for a lesser polluting alternative fuel in the automotive
industry. After being inspired by the work done by researchers all across the globe on biodiesel, we propose the idea of synthesizing biofuels
from cold-pressed hemp methyl ester. First, we conducted alkaline transesterification to produce hemp methyl ester from the cold-pressed hemp
seed oil. Based on the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis report of the hemp methyl ester from the literature, we found
out the physical and chemical properties of it using BioDiesel Analyzer software. We compared the physical and chemical properties of the
hemp methyl ester with diesel as per the ASTM standard D975 for diesel. We conducted the Diesel RK simulation of the performance and
emission parameters of a Compression Ignition(CI) Engine test rig using diesel, pure hemp methyl ester, and diesel blended with hemp methyl
ester in the ratio 80:20 by volume(B20). The performance and emission parameters obtained from the Diesel RK software are compared with
that of standard diesel emissions. If higher emissions of any of the greenhouse gases are reported from the Diesel RK simulation, a suitable nano
additive is proposed after an extensive critical analysis.
found that it emits 7 to 10 times more Nitrogen Dioxide than the achieved Euro 6 Test Limits (80mg/ km). In 2018, a total of 24% of global CO2
emissions from fuel combustion came from transportation. This truly calls for the need for a lesser polluting alternative fuel in the automotive
industry. After being inspired by the work done by researchers all across the globe on biodiesel, we propose the idea of synthesizing biofuels
from cold-pressed hemp methyl ester. First, we conducted alkaline transesterification to produce hemp methyl ester from the cold-pressed hemp
seed oil. Based on the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis report of the hemp methyl ester from the literature, we found
out the physical and chemical properties of it using BioDiesel Analyzer software. We compared the physical and chemical properties of the
hemp methyl ester with diesel as per the ASTM standard D975 for diesel. We conducted the Diesel RK simulation of the performance and
emission parameters of a Compression Ignition(CI) Engine test rig using diesel, pure hemp methyl ester, and diesel blended with hemp methyl
ester in the ratio 80:20 by volume(B20). The performance and emission parameters obtained from the Diesel RK software are compared with
that of standard diesel emissions. If higher emissions of any of the greenhouse gases are reported from the Diesel RK simulation, a suitable nano
additive is proposed after an extensive critical analysis.