Ismail Khanmurzaev

Эпиграфика надмогильных стел, наряду с археографическими материалами, являет-ся одним из важнейших исторических источников. Особое значение эпиграфические памятники име-ют в условиях Чечни, т.к. во время высылки чеченцев в Среднюю Азию многие письменные материалы оказались безвозвратно утерянными. В этой ситуации важность изучения этих памятников возрастает многократно. Эпиграфические памятники помимо важного информационного содержания, обладают и определенной художественной ценностью. Ввиду всего вышеуказанного, значимость их научного ис-следования и введения в научный оборот очевидна. Целесообразным, как нам видится, будет начать, прежде всего, с изучения эпиграфических памятников известных персон, к которым относятся воен-ные, политические и религиозные деятели. К числу наиболее известных личностей в Чечне относит-ся накшбандийский и кадирийский шейх, наиб Ташав-хаджи ал-Индири (из сел. Эндирей), который объединил в себе все три ипостаси деятелей – религиозную, военную и политическую. Интерес иссле-дователей к этой фигуре в последнее время значительно возрос. Однако статьи практически всех ис-следователей посвящены самому Ташаву-хаджи, тогда как о членах его семьи мало что известно. Очень важное значение в жизни и деятельности ал-Индири имело его ближайшее окружение – это и прибыв-шие с ним мухаджиры, и ближайшие мюриды из числа местных жителей. Специальных исследований, посвященных этой тематике нет. Целью исследования является восполнить этот пробел, определив кто именно относится к этому кругу, привести тексты эпитафий и дать их перевод. Научная новизна заключается в том, что материалы этих эпитафий до сих пор не обнародовались и, соответственно, не становились объектом научного исследования. В результате проведенной работы были выявлены памятники ближайшего круга из числа родственников и мюридов шейха. К этим памятникам даны общие описания, тексты эпитафий, а также их перевод.

Within the framework of the article, the authors for the first time introduce into scientific circulation the correspondence between Shamkhal Mahdi Khan Tarkovsky, his nephew Khan Muhammad-bek and Qadi Abdulkarim al-Atagi (from the village of Atagi), dedicated to the conclusion of a political alliance between Shamkhal and the authoritative Chechen foreman Biybulat Taimiev. The correspondence, reconstructed by the authors on the basis of the newly discovered five letters of its participants, shows the complexity and contradictory views of the subjects of negotiations on their goals and objectives, as well as the ambiguous position of their active participant and mediator - qadi s. Big Atagi Abdulkarim. In addition, the letters included in this correspondence reflect the historical and political views of Mahdi Khan as an integral part of his political program to restore the former power of Tarkov shamkhalism. The published letters significantly clarify the details and mechanisms of in...

The present article is devoted to the continued during 2015-2016 years field archaeographic researches in a number of mountain and plain regions of Daghestan in order to find out the new collections of manuscripts and old-printed books in Arabic, Turkic and Daghestan languages (written by using Arabic graphic). The archaeographic expedition had worked at eight regions of Daghestan. There were found out 2 new collections of manuscripts in Akushinsky region, 2 collections in Botlikh region, 1 collection in Shamilsky region, 1 collection in Makhachkala city, 6 collections in Khasavurt and 6 collections in Buynaksk regions, 3 collections in Karabudakhkent and 3 collections in Kizlyar regions, 8 collections in Nogay region - all together 32 collections. Among them there are manuscripts, a large number of old-printed books (lithographies published in Temir-Khan-Shura, Petrovsk, Bakhchisaray, Khasavyurt, Kazan, Istanbul, Cairo), andletters and documents dated within the middle of the XVII-...

The article examines writings of the outstanding Dagestani scholar, journalist and poet, religious figure Abu Sufyan Akayev (1872-1931) from the village Nizhnee Kazanische. As an influential representative of Jadid movement at the beginning of the twentieth century, he belonged to the renown Muslim reformers and enlighteners, such as Muhammad ʻAbduh, Rashid Rida, Ismaʻil Gaspraly, ʻAbd al-Rahman Umerov, Qayyum Nasiri, Shihad al-Din Marjani.He wrote works mostly in Kumyk, Arabic, as well as in Azerbaijani and Persian languages. His writings in Arabic are still poorly studied.Some of them appeared in all the 12 issues of the popular magazine on Shariʻa matters of the early Soviet reforms known as Bayan al-haqa᾽iq (1925-1928) whose editor-in-chief he was. He was also the author of articles appeared in some issues of the Arabic-language newspaper Jaridat Dagistan (1913-1918). Some of his letters composed in Arabic are very informative. In addition, Abu Sufyan was the author or compiler ...

The article elaborates the biography of a prominent Muslim scholar of the second half of the 18th century Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani. The scholar contributed greatly to the renaissance of traditions of Muslim education, especially to the teaching of the Arabic language in Volga region and Ural. Based on the written source “Petition of Naimanov quba”, introduced by the authors into the scientific community for the first time, it became possible to clarify the information already available about this historical figure. Particularly, analysis of the said document allowed us to identify that the real name of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani was Kazakay-kadi, the son of Ali (Aliev), and the fact of him owning a son – Magomatjan (Muhammadjan), who also was both a teacher in madrasa and a qadi. The article provides an original version of the reasons for the distortion of the scholar’s name. The scholar’s belonging to the Karanogai quba (kin) Naiman, as well as previously unknown informatio...

The article discusses a topical issue of the Russian Oriental studies – the issue of identification of nisbas in arabographic documents of the North-East Caucasus. The study aims to identify the most general patterns and characteristic features of the formation and writing of nisbas in the context of the Arabic language in Dagestan. Moreover, the author attempts to compile a reference toolkit in the form of a nisba dictionary with their identification. The problem of writing nisbas is closely related to the issue of writing Arabic script in Dagestan in general. In this regard, based on the analysis of available sources, a preliminary periodization of the features of the use of Arabic graphics in writing is given. Since there were no clearly established rules for spelling nisbas, each time they were written at the discretion of the authors of the documents. This condition creates serious problems in the translation and study of these documents, complicates their introduction into sci...

Research objectives: To conduct a detailed comparative analysis of the toponymic source known as “Hand Drawn Portolan of the Caspian Sea (1519)” by Vesconte Maggiolo, and ascertain the range and chronology of its sources. Research materials: At the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, there were a few navigational maps – portolan charts – created in Italy which contained rather precise outlines of the coastline of the Caspian Sea. The present Portolan excels all earlier items in terms of precision of the depicted topographical realities of the region. The quality of the map we are examining was surpassed only in the seventeenth century after Peter I’s hydrographic expeditions. The high level of shoreline’s precision also strongly suggests that the map was based on authentic topographic input. Maggiolo’s map contains 136 geographical names. Results and novelty of the research: For the first time ever in domestic scholarship, we conducted a comparative historical analysis of...

The article examines the history of the uprising in Daghestan in 1823, indicates its formal reasons, describes its course, the actions of the tsarist military administration to suppress the uprising and punish the rebels. Up to now not a single separate article has been devoted to the history of this event, although a number of facts of it have been mentioned by many researchers in their works. Strengthening of the tsarism colonial policy in the North Caucasus resulted in a number of rebellions in Daghestan in 1818–1823 led by feudal rulers.

The article elaborates the biography of a prominent Muslim scholar of the second half of
the 18th century Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani. The scholar contributed greatly to the renaissance of
traditions of Muslim education, especially to the teaching of the Arabic language in Volga region and Ural.
Based on the written source “Petition of Naimanov quba”, introduced by the authors into the scientifi c
community for the fi rst time, it became possible to clarify the information already available about this
historical fi gure. Particularly, analysis of the said document allowed us to identify that the real name of
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani was Kazakay-kadi, the son of Ali (Aliev), and the fact of him owning a
son – Magomatjan (Muhammadjan), who also was both a teacher in madrasa and a qadi. The article provides
an original version of the reasons for the distortion of the scholar’s name. The scholar’s belonging
to the Karanogai quba (kin) Naiman, as well as previously unknown information about the return of his
son to his father’s homeland have been revealed. The biography of Kazakay-kadi Aliev is verifi ed by the
authors based on a critical comparison of the facts provided in the text, and on fragmentary information
contained in the works of Shihab ad-Din Marjani, Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov and Nazir ad-Dorgeli, which
allowed to specify the circumstances of his appearance in the Orenburg province and his subsequent relocation
to the Kazakh steppe, as well as his role in Russian-Kazakh relations.
The reconstruction of the biography of the scholar is supplemented by a list of his most outstanding
students. The newly discovered source is of not only historical, but also linguistic interest as a written
monument of the North Caucasian Turkic language. The content of the source text is analyzed based
on the textological, paleographic and historical-comparative methods of analysis. The document under
study contains extensive anthroponymic material that can signifi cantly expand the previously accumulated
fund of ancient Nogai proper names.

В статье рассматривается история одного из феодальных владений Среднего Дагестана – Эрпелинского, кото-рое возникло в пределах Кумыкии в конце XVI в. в результате отделения от Шамхальства. В результате обоб-щения разрозненных фактов и сведений авторами дается цельная картина истории этого владения с конца XVI – по конец XVIII в. Также вводится в научный оборот выявленный авторами документ, хранящийся в одном из цен-тральных архивов страны. The article considers the history of one of the feudal demesne of Middle Daghestan – Erpeli, which arose in the Kumyki-ya borders at the end of the XVI century as the result of separation from Shamkhalate. Generalization of separate facts and data allowed creating an integral picture of the history of this demesne from the end of the XVI to the end of the XVIII centuries. Besides, an important document, stored in one of the central archives of the country, has been revealed and introduced for scientific use.

In this article it is set the task to reveal and consider Sufi genealogy of spiritual continuity (silsila) in which the name of  Naqshbandi and Qadiri Sheikh Tashav-Hadji al-Indiri appears. Tashav-Hadji was one of the leaders of the early period of the Caucasian War of the XIX th century, and later Imam Shamil’s  Naib. Tashav-Hadji was not only the follower of  Jihad, but also the great theologian scientist, who took active part in liberating fight and  left  works on various genres. The problem of spiritual succession in Sufism in the East Caucasus still remains a poorly studied problem and demands further researches. According to Sufi tradition, inclusion in a chain of spiritual succession is an important criterion of the validity of the Sheikh. The author of the article has found and considered five Sufi silsila, three of them are Naqshbandi, and two are Qadiri. The author shows an existence of the name “al-Indiri”  in a chain of Sufi mentors. In the article a critical analysis of above-mentioned spiritual genealogies is carried out, it was also made a comparison to genealogies from other authoritative sources.
In case of discrepancy of names with other genealogies the author offers the explanation of it’s possible reasons. By means of consideration of these genealogies the author comes to a conclusion that Tashav-Hadji is a teacher  in Naqshbandi and Qadiri brotherhoods. Besides, during the research it has been found out that Tashav-Hadji was a teacher of well-known Chechen Sufi  Kunta-Hadji Kishiyev in  Qadiri brotherhood. In the article it was generalized the new material on the studied subject, the above-mentioned Sufi genealogies are introduced for scientific use. This article may be interesting to experts in Sufism. It also may be used by the researchers who are engaged in Sufism history in the Caucasus and also to researchers of the Caucasian War of the XIX th century.

В годы народно-освободительной борьбы горцев Северного Кавказа большую роль в ее идеологическом обосновании сыграли религиозные авторитеты, в частности накшбандийский и кадирийский шейх Ташав-хаджи ал-Индири. Ташав-хаджи был одним из лидеров раннего пе-риода Кавказской войны XIX в., а впоследствии и наибом имама Шамиля. В данной статье на основе разнохарактерных источников освещается последний период жизни шейха, раскрыва-ются отдельные белые пятна в его биографии. В числе рассматриваемых вопросов значится ус-тановление примерных границ региона духовного влияния ал-Индири, определенного ему на-ставником Мухаммадом ал-Яраги. Особое внимание уделено вопросу датировки смерти этого известного религиозного деятеля. Настоящая статья может быть интересна специалистам в об-ласти суфизма и использована исследователями, занимающимися историей суфизма на Кавказе, а также исследователям Кавказской войны.

Ключевые слова: Ташав-хаджи, ал-Индири, суфизм, накшбандийа, халидийа, дата смерти, зиярат, регион духовного влияния, шейх.

In the years of the liberation struggle of highlanders in the North Caucasus, a big role in its ideological justification was played by religious authorities, in particular the Naqshbandi and Kadiri Sheikh Tashav-Haji al-Indiry, one of the leaders of the early period of the Caucasian War of the 19th century, and subsequently a naib of Imam Shamil. Building on various sources, the author describes the last period of Sheikh’s life and explores some facts of his biography. Among the issues considered is determining the approximate borders of the domain of al-Indiry’s spiritual influence, defined by his mentor Muhammad al-Yaragi. Special attention is paid to the issue of al-Indiri’s death dating. The article may be of interest to experts in the field of Sufism, to scholars studying Sufi history in the Caucasus and to researchers of the Caucasian War of the 19th century.

Keywords: Tashav-Hadji, al-Indiry, Sufism, Naqshbandiya, Khalidiya, date of death, ziyarat, domain of spiritual influence, sheikh.