- Physical anthropologists. Interested in human evolution, paleopathology, and evolutionary medicine.Department of Anat... morePhysical anthropologists. Interested in human evolution, paleopathology, and evolutionary medicine.Department of Anatomy and Anthropology,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israeledit
Spine curvature and posture are important to sustain healthy back. Incorrect spine configuration can add strain to muscles and put stress on the spine, leading to low back pain (LBP). We propose new method for analyzing spine curvature in... more
Spine curvature and posture are important to sustain healthy back. Incorrect spine configuration can add strain to muscles and put stress on the spine, leading to low back pain (LBP). We propose new method for analyzing spine curvature in 3D, using CT imaging. The proposed method is based on two novel concepts: the spine curvature is derived from spinal canal centerline, and evaluation of the curve is carried out against a model based on healthy individuals. We show results of curvature analysis of healthy population, pathological (scoliosis) patients, and patients having nonspecific chronic LBP.
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PRATIQUE DE TRÉPANATION ET DE DÉFORMATION CRANIENNE DANS L'ANCIEN MOYEN ORIENT Résumé. La pratique de trépanation et de déformation crânienne dans l'ancien Moyen Orient fait l'objet de cet article. Ces deux «... more
PRATIQUE DE TRÉPANATION ET DE DÉFORMATION CRANIENNE DANS L'ANCIEN MOYEN ORIENT Résumé. La pratique de trépanation et de déformation crânienne dans l'ancien Moyen Orient fait l'objet de cet article. Ces deux « traitements » ont probablement débuté au ...
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... specimens. Since the postcranial bones at the site of Ujrat el Mehed could not be matched with the skulls, they were of no help in assessing sex or age on the skull. Life tables were reconstructed according to Hassan (18). We ...
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Resume. — Les observations metriques et morphologiques de 112 crânes d'enfants Bedouins, âges de 1 a 18 ans, sont analyses et compares aux crânes adultes en vue de preciser les modalites de la croissance et du developpement. Des... more
Resume. — Les observations metriques et morphologiques de 112 crânes d'enfants Bedouins, âges de 1 a 18 ans, sont analyses et compares aux crânes adultes en vue de preciser les modalites de la croissance et du developpement. Des donnees sur la croissance des enfants Bedouins vivants sont aussi utilisees. Il ressort que le crâne s'accroit beaucoup en longueur et en hauteur, peu en largeur. Ce sont les dimensions de la face qui presentent les changements les plus importants avec l'âge. Les caracteres non metriques observes incluent la suture metopique, la fontanelle frontale, le pterion, l'os epipterique, les os wormiens et la pathologie.
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The nawamis is a specific tomb type, mainly known from southern Sinai. It is a rounded structure, approximately 2 metres high and 3-6 metres in diameter. The explored intact specimens demonstrate the simple method of its construction,... more
The nawamis is a specific tomb type, mainly known from southern Sinai. It is a rounded structure, approximately 2 metres high and 3-6 metres in diameter. The explored intact specimens demonstrate the simple method of its construction, based on a double wall with a corbelled roof. Undressed local stones, either sandstone or slabs of granite and metamorphic cobbles, were used in building these tombs. The excavations of numerous nawamis by various researchersl showed that they were used as graves and that their well-built entrances indicate a clear preference for a western orientation (Bar-Yosef a.o. 1977; Goren 1980). In a previous paper we presented data demonstrating the relationship of the entrance orientations to the directions of sunset (Bar-Yosef a.o. 1983). We proposed that the choice of sunset directions may be related to religious beliefs derived from the Egyptian world, and the more exact orientations indicate the season of construction. Since this publication, queries have been raised as to the significance of the results as well as the implications that may be derived from them. In the present paper we intend to suggest answers to two of the most frequent questions: 1) Does the distribution of entrance orientations in the various nawamis fields indeed differ significantly? 2) Does the number of nawamis having a specific entrance orientation correspond significantly with the length of the season in which they were built? Solving these two questions may indirectly shed some light on other issues, such as the relationship between the seasonality expressed in the nawamis entrance distributions and annual differences in the mortality pattern.
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ABSTRACT
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Background Joint range of motion (ROM) refers to the extent of movement of the joint, recorded using standard goniometers. Joint hypermobility (JHM) is a condition in which most of the synovial joints move beyond the “normal” limits.... more
Background Joint range of motion (ROM) refers to the extent of movement of the joint, recorded using standard goniometers. Joint hypermobility (JHM) is a condition in which most of the synovial joints move beyond the “normal” limits. Joint hypermobility is recognized as a feature of heritable disorders of the connective tissue and can be identified mostly by the Beighton scale. Data on the possible relationship between JHM and joint ROM are lacking in the literature. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between JHM and joint ROM in the different lower-extremity joints in young dancers. Methods Joint hypermobility and ROM were assessed among 240 female dancers, aged 8 to 16 years, and 226 nondancers of similar age. Results The prevalence of JHM is significantly higher among dancers compared with the control subjects (P < 0.001). Joints’ ROM is higher among dancers with JHM compared with dancers without JHM (P < 0.05). This phenomenon, however, is age dependent; as in young dancers (aged 8–10 years), this pertains only to the ankle dorsiflexion ROM. In adolescent dancers (aged 11–13 years), this relationship has been observed in most joints: ankle/foot en pointe, ankle dorsiflexion, hip external rotation, hip abduction, and hip extension. In mature dancers (aged 14–16 years), dancers with JHM had greater ROM in ankle/foot en pointe, hip abduction, and knee flexion (P < 0.05). Conclusions (1) Joint ROM and JHM are associated one with the other; (2) the relationship between joint ROM and JHM is age dependent; and (3) JHM is common among young nonprofessional dancers compared with control subjects. The main clinical implications of the current study are to try and reduce the risk of injuries among JHM dancers by developing proprioceptive trainings to improve the correct alignment of the hyperextended joints, to increase their muscle strength for better stabilization of the hypermobile joints, and to provide them additional balancing and stabilizing exercises for their supporting muscles.
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Poster: "ECR 2013 / C-2125 / Innovative Spine Posture Analysis for Low Back Pain Diagnosis" by: "O. Hay1, N. Peled2, I. Hershkovitz3; 1Aviel/IL, 2Haifa/IL, 3Hod Hsharon/IL"
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The nawamis, which are among the most outstanding archaeological remains of the Sinai peninsula, have been the subject of numerous investigations by early travellers and later professional archaeologists (Palmer 1871; Currelly 1906;... more
The nawamis, which are among the most outstanding archaeological remains of the Sinai peninsula, have been the subject of numerous investigations by early travellers and later professional archaeologists (Palmer 1871; Currelly 1906; Albright 1948; Rothenberg 1972; Bar-Yosef a.o. 1977; Goren 1980). For the last ten years (1972-1982) they have been under intensive field investigation directed by A. Goren, Archaeological Staff Officer for Sinai.' Most scholars agree that these well-preserved structures were built during the fourth millennium B.C.E. by indigenous pastoralists and that they were used as tombs.
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Throughout human evolution, the Levant has served as the major land corridor for hominins migrating from Africa. Although human fossils have been discovered in many parts of the Old World, few geographical areas are as important to... more
Throughout human evolution, the Levant has served as the major land corridor for hominins migrating from Africa. Although human fossils have been discovered in many parts of the Old World, few geographical areas are as important to advancing our understanding of human evolution as the Levant. The current chapter describes the major fossils that have been discovered in the Levant from the Lower Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene; and it presents some of the major questions associated with them
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Previous studies have reported that osteophytes in the cervical vertebrae may cause immobility, neck stiffness, osteoarthritis, headaches, nerve entrapment syndromes, and compression of the vertebral artery. Our objective was to explore... more
Previous studies have reported that osteophytes in the cervical vertebrae may cause immobility, neck stiffness, osteoarthritis, headaches, nerve entrapment syndromes, and compression of the vertebral artery. Our objective was to explore the osteophytes' expression on zygapophyseal joints C3–C7. This is a cross‐sectional observational skeletal study. The study sample comprised 273 human skeletons of both sexes, aged 20–93, housed at the Natural History Museum, OH, USA. A grading system assessed the presence and severity of osteophytosis on the zygapophyseal joints. The chi‐square test (SPSS 25.0) examined the association between osteophytes and demographic factors. The level of significance (α) was set at .05. The highest prevalence of osteophytes was found on C5 vertebra, the lowest on C7. On vertebrae C3, C4, C6, the rate of moderate and severe osteophytes found on the superior and inferior facets were comparable. Moderate and severe degrees of osteophytes were observed more fr...
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Manot Cave is a unique relict karst cave located in the western Galilee, north-western Israel. The cave was inhabited from the Late Middle Paleolithic through the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) periods until its main entrance collapsed,... more
Manot Cave is a unique relict karst cave located in the western Galilee, north-western Israel. The cave was inhabited from the Late Middle Paleolithic through the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) periods until its main entrance collapsed, ca. 30 ka. The cave consists of an elongated main hall and two side chambers. The topography of the main hall consists of a steep talus inclining from the original entrance of the cave to the center, a plane area at the lowermost point of the main hall, and a smaller talus inclining from the eastern end of the cave. Nine field seasons (2010-2018) have been conducted so far at the cave. The excavations revealed dense accumulations of EUP deposits near the cave entrance (areas E and I), at the center (area D), at the base of the western talus (area C), and in the plane area (area A). This introductory article describes the cave and its characteristics and provides a background for various contributions in the special issue, devoted to Manot Cave.
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A karst survey of the western upper Galilee in Israel shows that karst has been a dominant geomorphic factor throughout the Cenozoic. We discuss the geomorphic character of Manot Cave on the background of other karst features of the... more
A karst survey of the western upper Galilee in Israel shows that karst has been a dominant geomorphic factor throughout the Cenozoic. We discuss the geomorphic character of Manot Cave on the background of other karst features of the region, in order to decipher the preferences of the humans who favored this cave over others. Tens of caves distributed over the study area demonstrate that phreatic and hypogene isolated voids and conduit segments are more abundant than vadose shafts, sinking stream caves and spring caves, although all these types are present. Most caves belong to old stages of landform development, prior to Plio-Pleistocene uplift and stream entrenchment. Manot Cave is a relict chamber cave, which corresponds to a plaeo-water table and the erosion plain above it. Subaerial denudation and slope processes have opened the cave to the surface during the mid-late Pleistocene. Manot Cave is compared with other caves in the region, demonstrating its unique character. It may have been selected due to the small entrance facing to the SW, and the large inner chamber which could be used for non-domestic purposes. This suggests a possible role of a unique behavioral and cultural suite of characters which influenced hominin preferences. The cave was used by hominins and animals until being closed again by colluvium and possibly collapse, ∼30 ka. Clastic, chemical, archaeozoological and anthropogenic accumulations reflect the various stages of cave development and gradual sealing of the entrance.
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This cross-sectional study was conducted on the skeletal remains of individuals of known sex, age and ethnic origin. The vertebral bodies of levels C3-C7 were measured and analyzed. Whereas many studies were performed on the size and... more
This cross-sectional study was conducted on the skeletal remains of individuals of known sex, age and ethnic origin. The vertebral bodies of levels C3-C7 were measured and analyzed. Whereas many studies were performed on the size and shape of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic and lumbar spines, few have focused on the cervical vertebral bodies. Thus, there is insufficient data in the literature regarding the anatomy of the cervical spine, especially based on large study populations. To establish a large database on cervical vertebral bodies' size and shape and analyze their association with demographic parameters. The population studied was composed of 277 individuals, adult males and females of African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) origin. The skeletal remains are housed at the Hamman-Todd Osteological collection (Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH). A 3-D digitizer was used to measure the size and shape of the C3- C7 vertebral bodies. Descriptive ...
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Two recent cases of ritual trephinations that were revealed during regular autopsies are described. The osteologic findings are discussed in relation to hospital craniotomy and ancient trephination, and the forensic practitioner is... more
Two recent cases of ritual trephinations that were revealed during regular autopsies are described. The osteologic findings are discussed in relation to hospital craniotomy and ancient trephination, and the forensic practitioner is offered a set of criteria to differentiate properly between trephination and craniotomy.
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Marom and Rak claim, on the basis of a few mandibular features, that the Nesher Ramla (NR) Homo is a Neanderthal. Their comments lack substance and contribute little to the debate surrounding the evolution of Middle Pleistocene Homo .... more
Marom and Rak claim, on the basis of a few mandibular features, that the Nesher Ramla (NR) Homo is a Neanderthal. Their comments lack substance and contribute little to the debate surrounding the evolution of Middle Pleistocene Homo . Limitations and preconceptions in their study prevented them from achieving resolution beyond a dichotomous interpretation of the NR as either a Neanderthal or a modern human.
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Research Interests: Ancient History, Genetics, Biology, Ancient Greek History, Multidisciplinary, and 15 moreHumans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, aDNA Analysis, Female, Ancient DNA, Infant, Genome Analysis, PLoS one, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Molecular Characterization, Adult, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mediterranean region, Eastern Mediterranean, and Bone and Bones
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Background Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is the most common spine disease in the elderly population. It is usually associated with lumbar spine joints/or ligaments degeneration. Machine learning technique is an exclusive... more
Background Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is the most common spine disease in the elderly population. It is usually associated with lumbar spine joints/or ligaments degeneration. Machine learning technique is an exclusive method for handling big data analysis; however, the development of this method for spine pathology is rare. This study aims to detect the essential variables that predict the development of symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) using the random forest of machine learning (ML) algorithms technique. Methods A retrospective study with two groups of individuals. The first included 165 with symptomatic DLSS (sex ratio 80 M/85F), and the second included 180 individuals from the general population (sex ratio: 90M/90F) without lumbar stenosis symptoms. Lumbar spine measurements such as vertebral/or spinal canal diameters from L1 to S1 were conducted on computerized tomography (CT) images (Brilliance 64, Philips Medical System, Cleveland, OH). D...
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In this study we examined the fossil records from Israel, which has one of the largest yet most variable fossil records, in order to establish a coherent scenario of the populations that inhabited the region for more than a million years.