Jagadeesan Karthikeyan

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder widespread in developing and well-developed countries. It is the sixth leading cause of death in upper middle-income countries in 2015. Many of the synthetic medicine such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and thiazolidinediones are the diabetic agents currently available to control the hyperglycemic condition. Due to the limitations of the drugs, it is required to find a natural alternative for the control of Diabetes Mellitus. Safe and effective antidiabetic agents can be extracted/separated from the traditional medicinal plants. 80% of the population around the Globe depends on traditional medicine. About 350 plants were traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants were assessed for their antidiabetic activity, but these plants were not scientifically evaluated for the presence of an antidiabetic agent. Identification of anti-hyperglycemic agent without any side effects is the need of the hour. W...

Taurine was used in the present study to evaluate its beneficial effects against proteinuria and hyperlipidemia associated with nephrotic syndrome. Rats made nephrotic with adriamycin had a high excretion of protein, albumin, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase compared with nonnephrotic rats. Nephrotic rats manifested hyperlipidemia with significant elevation in all major lipoprotein fractions. Treatment with taurine significantly suppressed adriamycin-induced proteinuria, albuminuria, and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. Treatment of rats wit taurine for 7 days before adriamycin, and daily thereafter, significantly lowered plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, lipid peroxides, and malondialdehyde associated with lipoprotein fractions. Similarly, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid peroxides, hydroperoxides, and hydroxyl radicals in the liver and kidneys of taurine-treated adriamycin rats were decreased significantly compared with adriamycin alone. Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and free fatty acid levels in plasma, lipoprotein lipase activity, glutathione, total thiol, and ascorbic acid in the liver and the kidneys of taurine-treated adriamycin groups were significantly elevated compared with adriamycin alone. These results suggest that taurine might be applicable as a protective agent for proteinuria and hyperlipidemia associated with nephrotic syndrome.

Abstract: Quorum sensing refers to bacterial cell to cell communication and is a key regulator of virulence and biofilm formation in opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Intracellular protein extracts from Bacillus isolates were found to quench the induction of autoinducer, acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) secreted by these virulent strains. This mechanism further influenced a drastic reduction in quorum sensing phenotypes that coordinate the virulence factors, mainly LasA protease production and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. The genomic DNA of these Bacillus strains produced a 900bp amplification fragment when gene specific primers for aiiA (HSLactonase) were used. Key words: Quorum sensing, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, LasA protease

ABSTRACT Objectives: Plant extracts seems to be a better alternative to control pathogenic organisms due to the presence of many bioactive compounds. In addition, the plant mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles also have important applications in the field of biology, the present study aims to study the activity of AgNP’s (Silver Nanoparticles) synthesized using the leaves of Melia dubia against the 4th Methods: The synthesized AgNP’s were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The 4 instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and pathogenic microbes th Results: The observations reveal that the silver nanoparticles synthesized using Melia dubia leaves were more effective than the crude leaf extract of the plant over Culex quinquefasciatus and microbes tested. Moreover, the results of metabolites also revealed that the AgNP’s significantly altered the carbohydr...

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder widespread in developing and well-developed countries. It is the sixth leading cause of death in upper middle-income countries in 2015. Many of the synthetic medicine such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and thiazolidinediones are the diabetic agents currently available to control the hyperglycemic condition. Due to the limitations of the drugs, it is required to find a natural alternative for the control of Diabetes Mellitus. Safe and effective antidiabetic agents can be extracted/separated from the traditional medicinal plants. 80% of the population around the Globe depends on traditional medicine. About 350 plants were traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants were assessed for their antidiabetic activity, but these plants were not scientifically evaluated for the presence of an antidiabetic agent. Identification of anti-hyperglycemic agent without any side effects is the need of the hour. WHO has reported tremendous increase of 433million adults with Diabetes Mellitus in 2014, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India increased to 7.8% in India. The review focuses on the commonly available and traditionally used medicinal plants of North TamilNadu, India and their role in the control of diabetes mellitus. Introduction Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder. It was first described clinically by the Greek physician Aretaeus Cappadocia in 1500 BC " as a condition where Flesh and Bones run together and are siphoned into the urine ". Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemic condition along with impaired metabolic functions. Two major types of DM exist; the first type is characterized by insufficient production of insulin and in the other type the target cells do not respond to insulin. The chronic hyperglycemic condition leads to long term damage and failure of target organs. The first WHO global report on diabetes demonstrates that the number of adult living with diabetes has almost quadrupled since 1980 and to 422 million adults in 2014; type 2 diabetes and associated factors such as overweight and obesity were the reason for the dramatic increase. Prevalence of diabetes in India accounts for 7.8% of the adult population [1] Over the past, three decades, the rise in the occurrence of diabetes was dramatic and grows very rapidly in low and middle income countries. The prevalence of diabetes in Tamil Nadu accounts to 13.7% in urban and 7.8% in rural areas in the year 2011 [2]. The synthetic drugs used lead to side effects as well as persistence of hyperglycemic conditions for a longer period of time resulting in serious complications and damages to the heart, blood vessels eyes, kidney and nerves, moreover, increases the risk of heart diseases and stroke [3]. Progressive reduction in β-cell function made it difficult to maintain glycemic control among many diabetic patients [4]. Polytherapy with many hypoglycemic agents to attain better glucose control is a common practice [5]. Many plants have been found to be useful in managing diabetes mellitus. Plants are the major source of drug and are available in the market as extracts directly or indirectly from the plant sources [6]. For the purpose of preventive and curative reasons plants were used as medicine in various parts of the world. Medicinal herbs were used to treat diabetes in large proportion all over the Globe because of the easy availability and affordability [7]. Plant medicines show a potential hypoglycemic activity in diabetes-induced animals. Further, the metabolites from the plant were formulated and were administered to control diabetes mellitus. Novel compounds with antihyperglycemic potential have to be isolated from the plant sources. Studies reveal the role of crude extracts of plants with potential antidiabetic activity in alloxan and streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals. It is required to isolate, purify and characterize the specific compounds with the efficacy to control by reducing blood glucose level and by means of regenerating the damaged β cells of the pancreatic islets for the normal secretion of insulin. The objective of the review is to collect and elucidate the antidiabetic properties of the medicinal plants used by the traditional healers to manage diabetes mellitus.