Kamar Oladepo

The analysis of water quality characteristics provides valuable information useful in water resources management. This study assessed the quality of water samples from Ife North Local Government Area, Southwestern Nigeria, with a view to establishing their suitability for irrigation purpose. A total of 52 water samples were collected and analyzed during the dry season for the major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium), anions (chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate), and physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, total dissolved salts and electrical conductivity). Based on these analyses, irrigation quality parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percentage of sodium (Na%), magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and Kelly’s ratio (KR) were computed. The electrical conductivity of the water samples varied from 78.00 to 1041.00 µS/cm with a mean value of 443.83 µS/cm and the total dissolved solids varied from 0.10 to 1.17...

Flood routing as the process of determining the reservoir stage, storage volume of the outflow hydrograph corresponding to a known hydrograph of inflow.  It is viable technique for determining the flood hydrograph at a section of a river by utilizing the flow data at one or more upstream sections. It can be hydraulic and hydrologic. Some hydrological routing techniques include Muskingum method, Muskingum-Cunge method, Lag method and Kalinin-Milyukov method while many sophisticated computer programs like Matlab had been deployed for river routing.Muskingum Method for stream routing was considered by using spreadsheet for. Coefficients were determine using various hydrologic data and formula for the Muskingum method. A popular data with other three data sets were considered in a linear model. The value of k and x was calculated using the basics of Microsoft Excel cell programming. Analysis of variance (One- way) was performed to detect any significant difference in the methods compare...

As a follow-up of an earlier effort to produce ceramic pot filter from locally available materials, studies were carried out towards the development of the filter from clay, laterite and sawdust. As measured by flow rate and water quality tests, the filter having 45% sawdust and 55% clay body by volume was adjudged the best having satisfied the acceptable flow rate (between 1 and 2 litres/hour) and water quality (turbidity less than 5 NTU); in addition, the removal efficiency of suspended solids was 94%. Keywords: Atamora Pottery Centre, turbidity, suspended solids, laterite, ceramic mould, slurry

Most water treatment plants are set up for ‘post-liming,’ meaning that alum is first dosed into the raw water and lime is later added to boost the pH to neutral. In this case, since the lime is added at the clear well, the inert component of the lime is deposited in the ground storage tank. Its removal is chaotic and insalubrious. The comparative advantages and disadvantages of pre-liming over post-liming were studied, especially in terms of alkalinity consumption and turbidity removal. It was found that, though more lime is required for pre-liming than for post-liming, pre-limed samples settled better and faster. This has consequences in terms of detention time in the sedimentation tank and, possibly, savings in capital or operational costs.

The work is a case study of an ozone-disinfected bottled water production system located on a university campus in a developing economy. The package system as installed by the supplier was studied in detail. Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the raw water and the treated water was determined. It was found that the laboratory attached to the plant contains no chemicals or equipment to carry out any analysis. Being within an academic community helps because of possibilities for cooperative use of laboratories. This and the fact that the source water contains no harmful chemicals or microbes help this plant to produce bottled water of adequate quality. The concern in the set up is in the form of an absence of ozone decomposer or dosage control and facilities for determination of ozone residual. The tests show that both the raw and the treated water samples contain no fecal coliforms. However, the presence of non-fecal coliforms in the treated water points to the need for ...