Sixteen new records for the flora of Lebanon, 2020
ABSTRACT
Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exis... more ABSTRACT Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exist in Lebanon during our continuous non-stop field survey all over the country. The authors gathered some exceptional taxa from distinctive locations and habitats of the country, which were not reported so far in the flora documentation with the exception of Quercus libani, that is regarded as a very atypical species (for Lebanon) discovered for the first time after Post in 1932. The current paper deals with the records Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Spreng, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze., Eminium heterophyllum (Blume) Schott., Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Euphorbia serpens Kunth, Hypericum olivieri (Spach) Boiss., Kickxia cirrhosa (L.) Fritsch., Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet, Onosma fruticosum Sm.lder, Plantago crypsoides Boiss., Platanthera holmboei H.Lindb., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Quercus libani G.Olivier, Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen., Tulipa biflora Pall. and Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter. The plants were photographed, collected, dried and herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium AUL University (Lebanon). Their taxonomical and ecological characters as well as their geographical distributions were exhibited. New Taxa (representing 14 genera in 12 families of flowering plants) were recognized with the reference of different floras and recent literature for their authentication. The present study also files them with updated nomenclature, descriptions, and notes on phenology and images for their easy identity.
Ophrys holoserica (Burm. f.) Greuter subsp. Shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan (ORCHIDACEAE), A new world record from Lebanon , 2018
A new subspecies, Ophrys holoserica (Burm.f.) Greuter subsp. shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M.... more A new subspecies, Ophrys holoserica (Burm.f.) Greuter subsp. shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan from the Orchidaceae family and related to the Ophrys holoserica group, is found and morphologically described as well as illustrated for the first time in Lebanon. The new subspecies share some main characteristics of Ophrys holoserica but contrasts in many taxonomic and morphological details such as the size of the flower (smaller), color of the labellum (blur yellow from up and very light brow from down), outlook (the whole flower is super fine) and habitat. The study discusses, examines, and offers taxonomic description, pertinent information, and photographs found all over 10 years of field work. It also includes observations, fresh collection, and one holotype.
The study evaluates and investigates the Lebanese people's definition of authentic honey. It also... more The study evaluates and investigates the Lebanese people's definition of authentic honey. It also focuses on their misconceptions and behaviors towards the marketing of honey in Lebanon. The study scrutinizes the Lebanese people's knowledge and perception of honey consumption and marketing in identifying the attributes of ideal honey and the chief factors affecting the consumers purchasing habits. The study is conducted using a quantitative questionnaire, which is asked for a sample of 1254 honey consumers from various areas in Lebanon. The most noteworthy findings are: about 58% of the participants check if their honey is adulterated or not; 75% of the participants don't trust honey labels claiming that it is 100% natural; and 40% purchase their honey directly from beekeepers.
The species Cyclamen persicum f. puniceum (Gleason) Grey-Wilson was discovered for the first time... more The species Cyclamen persicum f. puniceum (Gleason) Grey-Wilson was discovered for the first time in the city of Bchamoun, which is located at the western slopes of Mount Lebanon. Morphologically, this variety appears like Cyclamen persicum Mill, but it differs primarily in color. The study discusses, examines, and provides taxonomic description, synonym lists, plant's relationships to similar species, pertinent information and photographs founded on more than 10 years of field work, observations, and fresh collections.
Cyclamen persicum var. autumnale Grey-Wilson was observed to thrive in abundance in the village o... more Cyclamen persicum var. autumnale Grey-Wilson was observed to thrive in abundance in the village of Bchamoun, Lebanon. The plant was re-described and illustrated. Morphologically, this variety closely resembles Cyclamen persicum Mill. But it differs in some taxonomic and other details, such as smaller flowers and leaves, growth of flowers before leaves, and very early flowering (in Autumn) for a short period.
Ophrys omegaifera subsp. fleischmannii (Hayek) Del Prete, Ophrys algarvensis D. Tyteca, Benito & ... more Ophrys omegaifera subsp. fleischmannii (Hayek) Del Prete, Ophrys algarvensis D. Tyteca, Benito & M. Walravens, Ophrys omegaifera subsp. vasconica (O. Danesch & E. Danesch) Kreutz, Ophrys omegaifera var. basilissa (C. Alibertis, A. Alibertis & H. R. Reinhard) Faurh. Ophrys polycratis P. Delforge spec. nov. are five new subspecies found for the first time in Lebanon at the north and the western slopes of Mount Lebanon (200 to 1100 m altitude). Pine forests, open woodlands and rocky places are their favorite growth places. The new subspecies resemble Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. in morphology, but have various differences that are described and illustrated.
A Corrigendum of a Letter [1] published in Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters mentioned some e... more A Corrigendum of a Letter [1] published in Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters mentioned some errors after their consultation with Valéry Malécot (member of the Society of Systematics) on published papers [2,3,4] by Khodr Addam and coauthors. A complete revision was made on the papers. All errors have been removed and fixed. Further explanations were added also to make the information and data more clear.
Addam. K. & Bou-Hamden. M. 2015: Four new varieties of Ophrys apifera Huds. (Orchidaceae) and one... more Addam. K. & Bou-Hamden. M. 2015: Four new varieties of Ophrys apifera Huds. (Orchidaceae) and one Form were established in Lebanon (near the east of the Mediterranean Sea) and not been described among the native flora before. The authors note the recent discovery of: Ophrys apifera var. aurita (Moggr.) GremliOphrys apifera Huds. var. chlorantha (Hegetschw.) Nyman, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman. Synonym =Ophrys apifera Huds. var. tilaventina Nonis & Liverani, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman.f. alba. K.Addam & M.Bou-Hamdan and Ophrys apifera Huds. and Ophrys apifera var. flavescens Rosbach Discovered varieties were under probation and observation for 7 years. They were diagnosed, described and put under strict observation to be saved or transmitted if they become in danger. These new varieties resemble the Ophrys apifera. Huds.in morphology. In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (till 2012) they consider all of them as synonyms to Ophrys apifera Huds, but indeed in most cases they differ a lot from it. All these differences are explained in details and illustration.
A new subspecies, Ophrys omegaifera subsp. gharifensis K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is ... more A new subspecies, Ophrys omegaifera subsp. gharifensis K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is described and illustrated. Morphologically this subspecies closely resembles Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. group and in particular Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. subsp. israelitica (H. Baumann & Künkele) G. & K. Morschek but differ in floral details, such us: bigger flowers that diverge from the stem at almost 90º and have macula (mirror) characterised by two bright yellow, symmetrical, ovoid-shaped, concave patterns that vary in size. Plants seem to be shorter with inflorescences typically carrying one, rarely, four flowers.
A new variety, Neotinea tridentate var. libanotica K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is desc... more A new variety, Neotinea tridentate var. libanotica K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is described and illustrated. Morpho-logically this variety is close to Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M. Bateman, A.M. Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, Neotinea tridentata subsp. conica (Willd.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, but differ in floral details, such as: 3 to 4 basal scale leaves, inflorescence is ovoid to elongate, the parianth segments are not curved and don’t form a helmet (hood) and are widely opened, the angle formed between the lateral and dorsal sepals is 90° bisected by the petals forming two equal 45° angles, the angles formed between the two sepals varies from 180°-160°, the lip pendent or projecting forward at an angle of 65°.
Sixteen new records for the flora of Lebanon, 2020
ABSTRACT
Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exis... more ABSTRACT Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exist in Lebanon during our continuous non-stop field survey all over the country. The authors gathered some exceptional taxa from distinctive locations and habitats of the country, which were not reported so far in the flora documentation with the exception of Quercus libani, that is regarded as a very atypical species (for Lebanon) discovered for the first time after Post in 1932. The current paper deals with the records Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Spreng, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze., Eminium heterophyllum (Blume) Schott., Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Euphorbia serpens Kunth, Hypericum olivieri (Spach) Boiss., Kickxia cirrhosa (L.) Fritsch., Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet, Onosma fruticosum Sm.lder, Plantago crypsoides Boiss., Platanthera holmboei H.Lindb., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Quercus libani G.Olivier, Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen., Tulipa biflora Pall. and Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter. The plants were photographed, collected, dried and herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium AUL University (Lebanon). Their taxonomical and ecological characters as well as their geographical distributions were exhibited. New Taxa (representing 14 genera in 12 families of flowering plants) were recognized with the reference of different floras and recent literature for their authentication. The present study also files them with updated nomenclature, descriptions, and notes on phenology and images for their easy identity.
Ophrys holoserica (Burm. f.) Greuter subsp. Shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan (ORCHIDACEAE), A new world record from Lebanon , 2018
A new subspecies, Ophrys holoserica (Burm.f.) Greuter subsp. shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M.... more A new subspecies, Ophrys holoserica (Burm.f.) Greuter subsp. shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan from the Orchidaceae family and related to the Ophrys holoserica group, is found and morphologically described as well as illustrated for the first time in Lebanon. The new subspecies share some main characteristics of Ophrys holoserica but contrasts in many taxonomic and morphological details such as the size of the flower (smaller), color of the labellum (blur yellow from up and very light brow from down), outlook (the whole flower is super fine) and habitat. The study discusses, examines, and offers taxonomic description, pertinent information, and photographs found all over 10 years of field work. It also includes observations, fresh collection, and one holotype.
The study evaluates and investigates the Lebanese people's definition of authentic honey. It also... more The study evaluates and investigates the Lebanese people's definition of authentic honey. It also focuses on their misconceptions and behaviors towards the marketing of honey in Lebanon. The study scrutinizes the Lebanese people's knowledge and perception of honey consumption and marketing in identifying the attributes of ideal honey and the chief factors affecting the consumers purchasing habits. The study is conducted using a quantitative questionnaire, which is asked for a sample of 1254 honey consumers from various areas in Lebanon. The most noteworthy findings are: about 58% of the participants check if their honey is adulterated or not; 75% of the participants don't trust honey labels claiming that it is 100% natural; and 40% purchase their honey directly from beekeepers.
The species Cyclamen persicum f. puniceum (Gleason) Grey-Wilson was discovered for the first time... more The species Cyclamen persicum f. puniceum (Gleason) Grey-Wilson was discovered for the first time in the city of Bchamoun, which is located at the western slopes of Mount Lebanon. Morphologically, this variety appears like Cyclamen persicum Mill, but it differs primarily in color. The study discusses, examines, and provides taxonomic description, synonym lists, plant's relationships to similar species, pertinent information and photographs founded on more than 10 years of field work, observations, and fresh collections.
Cyclamen persicum var. autumnale Grey-Wilson was observed to thrive in abundance in the village o... more Cyclamen persicum var. autumnale Grey-Wilson was observed to thrive in abundance in the village of Bchamoun, Lebanon. The plant was re-described and illustrated. Morphologically, this variety closely resembles Cyclamen persicum Mill. But it differs in some taxonomic and other details, such as smaller flowers and leaves, growth of flowers before leaves, and very early flowering (in Autumn) for a short period.
Ophrys omegaifera subsp. fleischmannii (Hayek) Del Prete, Ophrys algarvensis D. Tyteca, Benito & ... more Ophrys omegaifera subsp. fleischmannii (Hayek) Del Prete, Ophrys algarvensis D. Tyteca, Benito & M. Walravens, Ophrys omegaifera subsp. vasconica (O. Danesch & E. Danesch) Kreutz, Ophrys omegaifera var. basilissa (C. Alibertis, A. Alibertis & H. R. Reinhard) Faurh. Ophrys polycratis P. Delforge spec. nov. are five new subspecies found for the first time in Lebanon at the north and the western slopes of Mount Lebanon (200 to 1100 m altitude). Pine forests, open woodlands and rocky places are their favorite growth places. The new subspecies resemble Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. in morphology, but have various differences that are described and illustrated.
A Corrigendum of a Letter [1] published in Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters mentioned some e... more A Corrigendum of a Letter [1] published in Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters mentioned some errors after their consultation with Valéry Malécot (member of the Society of Systematics) on published papers [2,3,4] by Khodr Addam and coauthors. A complete revision was made on the papers. All errors have been removed and fixed. Further explanations were added also to make the information and data more clear.
Addam. K. & Bou-Hamden. M. 2015: Four new varieties of Ophrys apifera Huds. (Orchidaceae) and one... more Addam. K. & Bou-Hamden. M. 2015: Four new varieties of Ophrys apifera Huds. (Orchidaceae) and one Form were established in Lebanon (near the east of the Mediterranean Sea) and not been described among the native flora before. The authors note the recent discovery of: Ophrys apifera var. aurita (Moggr.) GremliOphrys apifera Huds. var. chlorantha (Hegetschw.) Nyman, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman. Synonym =Ophrys apifera Huds. var. tilaventina Nonis & Liverani, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman.f. alba. K.Addam & M.Bou-Hamdan and Ophrys apifera Huds. and Ophrys apifera var. flavescens Rosbach Discovered varieties were under probation and observation for 7 years. They were diagnosed, described and put under strict observation to be saved or transmitted if they become in danger. These new varieties resemble the Ophrys apifera. Huds.in morphology. In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (till 2012) they consider all of them as synonyms to Ophrys apifera Huds, but indeed in most cases they differ a lot from it. All these differences are explained in details and illustration.
A new subspecies, Ophrys omegaifera subsp. gharifensis K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is ... more A new subspecies, Ophrys omegaifera subsp. gharifensis K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is described and illustrated. Morphologically this subspecies closely resembles Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. group and in particular Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. subsp. israelitica (H. Baumann & Künkele) G. & K. Morschek but differ in floral details, such us: bigger flowers that diverge from the stem at almost 90º and have macula (mirror) characterised by two bright yellow, symmetrical, ovoid-shaped, concave patterns that vary in size. Plants seem to be shorter with inflorescences typically carrying one, rarely, four flowers.
A new variety, Neotinea tridentate var. libanotica K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is desc... more A new variety, Neotinea tridentate var. libanotica K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan, from Lebanon is described and illustrated. Morpho-logically this variety is close to Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M. Bateman, A.M. Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, Neotinea tridentata subsp. conica (Willd.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, but differ in floral details, such as: 3 to 4 basal scale leaves, inflorescence is ovoid to elongate, the parianth segments are not curved and don’t form a helmet (hood) and are widely opened, the angle formed between the lateral and dorsal sepals is 90° bisected by the petals forming two equal 45° angles, the angles formed between the two sepals varies from 180°-160°, the lip pendent or projecting forward at an angle of 65°.
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Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exist in Lebanon during our continuous
non-stop field survey all over the country. The authors gathered some exceptional taxa from distinctive locations and
habitats of the country, which were not reported so far in the flora documentation with the exception of Quercus libani,
that is regarded as a very atypical species (for Lebanon) discovered for the first time after Post in 1932. The current paper
deals with the records Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Spreng, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze., Eminium heterophyllum (Blume)
Schott., Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Euphorbia serpens Kunth, Hypericum olivieri (Spach) Boiss., Kickxia cirrhosa (L.)
Fritsch., Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet, Onosma fruticosum Sm.lder, Plantago crypsoides Boiss., Platanthera holmboei
H.Lindb., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Quercus libani G.Olivier, Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen., Tulipa biflora Pall.
and Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter. The plants were photographed, collected, dried
and herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium AUL University (Lebanon). Their
taxonomical and ecological characters as well as their geographical distributions were exhibited. New Taxa (representing
14 genera in 12 families of flowering plants) were recognized with the reference of different floras and recent literature for
their authentication. The present study also files them with updated nomenclature, descriptions, and notes on phenology
and images for their easy identity.
Ophrys polycratis P. Delforge spec. nov. are five new subspecies found for the first time in Lebanon at the north and the western slopes of Mount Lebanon (200 to 1100 m altitude). Pine forests, open woodlands and rocky places are their favorite growth places. The new subspecies resemble Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. in morphology, but have various differences that are described and illustrated.
Ophrys apifera var. aurita (Moggr.) GremliOphrys apifera Huds. var. chlorantha (Hegetschw.) Nyman, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman. Synonym =Ophrys apifera Huds. var. tilaventina Nonis & Liverani, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman.f. alba. K.Addam & M.Bou-Hamdan and Ophrys apifera Huds. and Ophrys apifera var. flavescens Rosbach
Discovered varieties were under probation and observation for 7 years. They were diagnosed, described and put under strict observation to be saved or transmitted if they become in danger. These new varieties resemble the Ophrys apifera. Huds.in morphology. In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (till 2012) they consider all of them as synonyms to Ophrys apifera Huds, but indeed in most cases they differ a lot from it. All these differences are explained in details and illustration.
Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exist in Lebanon during our continuous
non-stop field survey all over the country. The authors gathered some exceptional taxa from distinctive locations and
habitats of the country, which were not reported so far in the flora documentation with the exception of Quercus libani,
that is regarded as a very atypical species (for Lebanon) discovered for the first time after Post in 1932. The current paper
deals with the records Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Spreng, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze., Eminium heterophyllum (Blume)
Schott., Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Euphorbia serpens Kunth, Hypericum olivieri (Spach) Boiss., Kickxia cirrhosa (L.)
Fritsch., Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet, Onosma fruticosum Sm.lder, Plantago crypsoides Boiss., Platanthera holmboei
H.Lindb., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Quercus libani G.Olivier, Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen., Tulipa biflora Pall.
and Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter. The plants were photographed, collected, dried
and herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium AUL University (Lebanon). Their
taxonomical and ecological characters as well as their geographical distributions were exhibited. New Taxa (representing
14 genera in 12 families of flowering plants) were recognized with the reference of different floras and recent literature for
their authentication. The present study also files them with updated nomenclature, descriptions, and notes on phenology
and images for their easy identity.
Ophrys polycratis P. Delforge spec. nov. are five new subspecies found for the first time in Lebanon at the north and the western slopes of Mount Lebanon (200 to 1100 m altitude). Pine forests, open woodlands and rocky places are their favorite growth places. The new subspecies resemble Ophrys omegaifera H. Fleischm. in morphology, but have various differences that are described and illustrated.
Ophrys apifera var. aurita (Moggr.) GremliOphrys apifera Huds. var. chlorantha (Hegetschw.) Nyman, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman. Synonym =Ophrys apifera Huds. var. tilaventina Nonis & Liverani, Ophrys apifera var. purpurea (Tausch) Nyman.f. alba. K.Addam & M.Bou-Hamdan and Ophrys apifera Huds. and Ophrys apifera var. flavescens Rosbach
Discovered varieties were under probation and observation for 7 years. They were diagnosed, described and put under strict observation to be saved or transmitted if they become in danger. These new varieties resemble the Ophrys apifera. Huds.in morphology. In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (till 2012) they consider all of them as synonyms to Ophrys apifera Huds, but indeed in most cases they differ a lot from it. All these differences are explained in details and illustration.