The term 'smart' represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by tech... more The term 'smart' represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by technology. One smart concept, which has gained momentum in recent years, is Smart City. It mainly focuses on how to increase the quality of life of citizens by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper aims to explore which dimensions except technology are critical for the development of a Smart City and a Smart Tourism Destination. Following a multiple case study approach, this paper develops a framework for smartness in cities and tourism destinations. This exploratory research argues that leadership, innovation, and social capital supported by human capital are the fundamental constructs of smartness. Technology applications and ICTs are enablers, which support the core constructs of smart destinations. Results open the ground for discussing how to transpose 'smartness' to tourism and destination levels.
Boes, K., Buhalis, D., Inversini, A., 2016, Smart tourism destinations: ecosystems for tourism de... more Boes, K., Buhalis, D., Inversini, A., 2016, Smart tourism destinations: ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness", International Journal of Tourism Cities, Vol. 2(2), pp.108 – 124
Purpose – Grounded in service-dominant (S-D) logic, the purpose of this paper is to explore the core components of smartness to present a framework for the development of the smart tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the core components of smartness through case study analysis of well-established smart cities. Findings – The paper conceptualises smartness and argues ICT, leadership, innovation and social capital supported by human capital are core components of smartness. Although ICT is a critical enabler for smart tourism destinations, it is insufficient on its own to introduce smartness. The combination of hard and soft smartness components within a S-D logic ecosystem structure holds the potential for sustained competitive advantage and enhancement of quality of life of both residents and tourists in smart tourism destinations. Originality/value – The paper extends the application of S-D logic to the context of smart tourism destinations, specifically to examine the smartness concept as a means for competitiveness in tourism destinations.
This thesis reports the findings of a qualitative study, which investigated the cultural heritage... more This thesis reports the findings of a qualitative study, which investigated the cultural heritage experience of visually impaired people. The study explored the juxtaposing and coinciding nature of heritage and accessible tourism in pursuance of ensuring “tourism for all” in cultural heritage sites. The grounded theory method was applied, which analysed virtual documents, open interviews and participant observation. The findings indicate that accessible information, the implementation of experience enhancers, the knowledge and attitude of employees, and the simplicity of orientation and navigation influence the quality of the cultural heritage experience of visually impaired people. In furtherance of guaranteeing the execution of these implications heritage managers are required to enforce inter-organisational collaborations with the tourism industry and blind associations alike. The thesis concludes that curators ought to employ both awareness training as well as disability etiquette and should apply a multisensory experiential design if quality cultural heritage experiences are to be available for visually impaired tourists. Keywords: visual impairment, tourist experience, cultural heritage tourism, accessible tourism, tourism for all, sensory
The term ‘smart’ represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by tech... more The term ‘smart’ represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by technology. One smart concept, which has gained momentum in recent years, is Smart City. It mainly focuses on how to increase the quality of life of citizens by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper aims to explore which dimensions except technology are critical for the development of a Smart City and a Smart Tourism Destination. Following a multiple case study approach, this paper develops a framework for smartness in cities and tourism destinations. This exploratory research argues that leadership, innovation, and social capital supported by human capital are the fundamental constructs of smartness. Technology applications and ICTs are enablers, which support the core constructs of smart destinations. Results open the ground for discussing how to transpose ‘smartness’ to tourism and destination levels.
With the introduction of permeating devices, NFC is seen as a technique, which facilitates and en... more With the introduction of permeating devices, NFC is seen as a technique, which facilitates and enhances short-range connections. Smart posters are a new business invention utilising NFC and are perceived to be very user-friendly, as they provide the user with digitalised information without a significant amount of user interaction. Although research has been conducted in the field of NFC development and the technology’s benefits and values, relatively little research has been carried out to understand what lies behind travellers’ behavioural intention to use NFC smart posters. Thus, this study explores the various factors influencing consumer acceptance of NFC smart posters by applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. The results indicate that not only Perceived Performance Expectancy and Perceived Quality have a strong positive impact on Behavioural Intention to use NFC smart posters, but Social Influence and Perceived Effort Expectancy also have a positive effect on the acceptance of such posters.
The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons why small hostels in New Zealand should appl... more The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons why small hostels in New Zealand should apply social network marketing. This research draws upon an exploratory research design and employs a qualitative research method to collect data. Interviews have been used as qualitative research method with the focus on open interviews conducted in person and semi-structured interviews conducted via the software application Skype. This study finds that with the increasing growth of social network sites, hostels in New Zealand are implementing these networks to support, at first, their marketing activities in general. Next to this social networks are used to support CRM and to conduct WOM marketing. Because of the different applications social networks supply communication with the customer has become easier and marketing messages and WOM can be spread faster.
The term 'smart' represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by tech... more The term 'smart' represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by technology. One smart concept, which has gained momentum in recent years, is Smart City. It mainly focuses on how to increase the quality of life of citizens by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper aims to explore which dimensions except technology are critical for the development of a Smart City and a Smart Tourism Destination. Following a multiple case study approach, this paper develops a framework for smartness in cities and tourism destinations. This exploratory research argues that leadership, innovation, and social capital supported by human capital are the fundamental constructs of smartness. Technology applications and ICTs are enablers, which support the core constructs of smart destinations. Results open the ground for discussing how to transpose 'smartness' to tourism and destination levels.
Boes, K., Buhalis, D., Inversini, A., 2016, Smart tourism destinations: ecosystems for tourism de... more Boes, K., Buhalis, D., Inversini, A., 2016, Smart tourism destinations: ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness", International Journal of Tourism Cities, Vol. 2(2), pp.108 – 124
Purpose – Grounded in service-dominant (S-D) logic, the purpose of this paper is to explore the core components of smartness to present a framework for the development of the smart tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the core components of smartness through case study analysis of well-established smart cities. Findings – The paper conceptualises smartness and argues ICT, leadership, innovation and social capital supported by human capital are core components of smartness. Although ICT is a critical enabler for smart tourism destinations, it is insufficient on its own to introduce smartness. The combination of hard and soft smartness components within a S-D logic ecosystem structure holds the potential for sustained competitive advantage and enhancement of quality of life of both residents and tourists in smart tourism destinations. Originality/value – The paper extends the application of S-D logic to the context of smart tourism destinations, specifically to examine the smartness concept as a means for competitiveness in tourism destinations.
This thesis reports the findings of a qualitative study, which investigated the cultural heritage... more This thesis reports the findings of a qualitative study, which investigated the cultural heritage experience of visually impaired people. The study explored the juxtaposing and coinciding nature of heritage and accessible tourism in pursuance of ensuring “tourism for all” in cultural heritage sites. The grounded theory method was applied, which analysed virtual documents, open interviews and participant observation. The findings indicate that accessible information, the implementation of experience enhancers, the knowledge and attitude of employees, and the simplicity of orientation and navigation influence the quality of the cultural heritage experience of visually impaired people. In furtherance of guaranteeing the execution of these implications heritage managers are required to enforce inter-organisational collaborations with the tourism industry and blind associations alike. The thesis concludes that curators ought to employ both awareness training as well as disability etiquette and should apply a multisensory experiential design if quality cultural heritage experiences are to be available for visually impaired tourists. Keywords: visual impairment, tourist experience, cultural heritage tourism, accessible tourism, tourism for all, sensory
The term ‘smart’ represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by tech... more The term ‘smart’ represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by technology. One smart concept, which has gained momentum in recent years, is Smart City. It mainly focuses on how to increase the quality of life of citizens by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper aims to explore which dimensions except technology are critical for the development of a Smart City and a Smart Tourism Destination. Following a multiple case study approach, this paper develops a framework for smartness in cities and tourism destinations. This exploratory research argues that leadership, innovation, and social capital supported by human capital are the fundamental constructs of smartness. Technology applications and ICTs are enablers, which support the core constructs of smart destinations. Results open the ground for discussing how to transpose ‘smartness’ to tourism and destination levels.
With the introduction of permeating devices, NFC is seen as a technique, which facilitates and en... more With the introduction of permeating devices, NFC is seen as a technique, which facilitates and enhances short-range connections. Smart posters are a new business invention utilising NFC and are perceived to be very user-friendly, as they provide the user with digitalised information without a significant amount of user interaction. Although research has been conducted in the field of NFC development and the technology’s benefits and values, relatively little research has been carried out to understand what lies behind travellers’ behavioural intention to use NFC smart posters. Thus, this study explores the various factors influencing consumer acceptance of NFC smart posters by applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. The results indicate that not only Perceived Performance Expectancy and Perceived Quality have a strong positive impact on Behavioural Intention to use NFC smart posters, but Social Influence and Perceived Effort Expectancy also have a positive effect on the acceptance of such posters.
The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons why small hostels in New Zealand should appl... more The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons why small hostels in New Zealand should apply social network marketing. This research draws upon an exploratory research design and employs a qualitative research method to collect data. Interviews have been used as qualitative research method with the focus on open interviews conducted in person and semi-structured interviews conducted via the software application Skype. This study finds that with the increasing growth of social network sites, hostels in New Zealand are implementing these networks to support, at first, their marketing activities in general. Next to this social networks are used to support CRM and to conduct WOM marketing. Because of the different applications social networks supply communication with the customer has become easier and marketing messages and WOM can be spread faster.
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Papers by Kim Boes
Purpose – Grounded in service-dominant (S-D) logic, the purpose of this paper is to explore the core components of smartness to present a framework for the development of the smart tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the core components of smartness through case study analysis of well-established smart cities. Findings – The paper conceptualises smartness and argues ICT, leadership, innovation and social capital supported by human capital are core components of smartness. Although ICT is a critical enabler for smart tourism destinations, it is insufficient on its own to introduce smartness. The combination of hard and soft smartness components within a S-D logic ecosystem structure holds the potential for sustained competitive advantage and enhancement of quality of life of both residents and tourists in smart tourism destinations. Originality/value – The paper extends the application of S-D logic to the context of smart tourism destinations, specifically to examine the smartness concept as a means for competitiveness in tourism destinations.
experience of visually impaired people. The study explored the juxtaposing and coinciding nature of
heritage and accessible tourism in pursuance of ensuring “tourism for all” in cultural heritage sites. The
grounded theory method was applied, which analysed virtual documents, open interviews and
participant observation. The findings indicate that accessible information, the implementation of
experience enhancers, the knowledge and attitude of employees, and the simplicity of orientation and
navigation influence the quality of the cultural heritage experience of visually impaired people. In
furtherance of guaranteeing the execution of these implications heritage managers are required to
enforce inter-organisational collaborations with the tourism industry and blind associations alike. The
thesis concludes that curators ought to employ both awareness training as well as disability etiquette
and should apply a multisensory experiential design if quality cultural heritage experiences are to be
available for visually impaired tourists.
Keywords: visual impairment, tourist experience, cultural heritage tourism, accessible tourism, tourism
for all, sensory
Purpose – Grounded in service-dominant (S-D) logic, the purpose of this paper is to explore the core components of smartness to present a framework for the development of the smart tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the core components of smartness through case study analysis of well-established smart cities. Findings – The paper conceptualises smartness and argues ICT, leadership, innovation and social capital supported by human capital are core components of smartness. Although ICT is a critical enabler for smart tourism destinations, it is insufficient on its own to introduce smartness. The combination of hard and soft smartness components within a S-D logic ecosystem structure holds the potential for sustained competitive advantage and enhancement of quality of life of both residents and tourists in smart tourism destinations. Originality/value – The paper extends the application of S-D logic to the context of smart tourism destinations, specifically to examine the smartness concept as a means for competitiveness in tourism destinations.
experience of visually impaired people. The study explored the juxtaposing and coinciding nature of
heritage and accessible tourism in pursuance of ensuring “tourism for all” in cultural heritage sites. The
grounded theory method was applied, which analysed virtual documents, open interviews and
participant observation. The findings indicate that accessible information, the implementation of
experience enhancers, the knowledge and attitude of employees, and the simplicity of orientation and
navigation influence the quality of the cultural heritage experience of visually impaired people. In
furtherance of guaranteeing the execution of these implications heritage managers are required to
enforce inter-organisational collaborations with the tourism industry and blind associations alike. The
thesis concludes that curators ought to employ both awareness training as well as disability etiquette
and should apply a multisensory experiential design if quality cultural heritage experiences are to be
available for visually impaired tourists.
Keywords: visual impairment, tourist experience, cultural heritage tourism, accessible tourism, tourism
for all, sensory