Mariam Elmi Ahmed

Aim. This review aimed to explain novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection impact on cardiovascular system and patients management in community and primary care settings. Method. Literature search and review limited to 2020 of published papers identified dealing with Coronavirus and cardiovascular disease. Results. Coronavirus is a large family of positive-sense, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the Nidovirales order. Covid-19 refers to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 variant. Myocardial injury has a considerable association with mortality outcomes for COVID-19 infection. The prognosis of patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases, who had not sustained myocardial injury was relatively favourable. Inflammation may also be a potential mechanism for myocardial injury. So far, current evidence suggests statistically significant associations between cardiac injury and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Whether this is mediated by destruction of angiotensin conve...

Objective: To establish if depression results in poor adherence to therapy in patients with heart diseases. Methods: This concept scoping study was conducted in two phases; the first was a systematic review of the literature, and the second part was local data analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan® V.5.3 (Cochrane Community). Results: Patients who received multidisciplinary collaborative care showed significantly reduced major adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. They also demonstrated higher rates of self-reported remission of depression. The review also showed endpoint mortality after PCI was associated with patients having depression. Local population data showed that 26% of heart failure patients had mental ill health comorbidity, however, only 12% had a formal diagnosis recorded. Conclusion: Depression is associated with poor cardiac outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. It is widespread in patients with cardiovascu...

Decision-making is a crucial and difficult step in the design process of complex systems such as the hybrid powertrain. Finding an optimal solution requires the system feedback. This can be, depending on the granularity of the models at the component level, highly time-consuming. This is even more true when the system’s performance is determined by its control. In fact, various possibilities can be selected to deliver the required torque to the wheels during a driving cycle. In this work, two different design strategies are proposed to minimize the fuel consumption and the cost of the hybrid powertrain. Both strategies adopt the iterative framework which allows for the separation of the powertrain design problem and its control while leading to system optimality. The first approach is based on model reduction, while the second approach relies on improved cycle reduction techniques. They are then applied to a parallel hybrid vehicle case study, leading to important cost reduction in ...