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Koncentracije elemenata Cd i Pb određene su tkivu Europskih kamenica (Ostrea edulis) uzorkovanih na pet uzgajalista u Malostonskom zaljevu te u uvali Stara Povljana smjestenoj na otoku Pagu. Koncentracije Cd kretale su se u rasponu od 0,... more
Koncentracije elemenata Cd i Pb određene su tkivu Europskih kamenica (Ostrea edulis) uzorkovanih na pet uzgajalista u Malostonskom zaljevu te u uvali Stara Povljana smjestenoj na otoku Pagu. Koncentracije Cd kretale su se u rasponu od 0, 39 do 2, 19 mg/kg. Najvisa srednja vrijednost od 2, 06 mg/kg utvrđena je na lokaciji Stara Povljana na Pagu. Statisticki znacajno vece koncentracije određene su u kamenicama s Paga u odnosu na lokacije Malostonskog zaljeva Mali Ston, Bistrina, Bjejevica (p < 0, 01, sve) i Brijesta (p < 0, 001). Dobiveni rezultati slicni su rezultatima prijasnjih istraživanja Malostonskog zaljeva. Vise vrijednosti utvrđene u uzgajaliste kamenica iz uvale Stara Povljana ukazuju na utjecaj turizma na ekolosku ravnotežu zaljeva. Raspon određenih koncentracija Pb kretao se od 0, 032 do 0, 15 mg/kg. Najvisa srednja vrijednost od 0, 10 mg/kg određena je na lokaciji Brijesta. Koncentracije Pb s lokacije Bjejevica statisticki su znacajno niže u odnosu na lokacije Brije...
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Maja ĐOKIĆ, dipl. ing. kem. tehnol., dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ*, (dopisni autor, e-mail: bilandzic@veinst. hr), dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica, dr. sc. Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Hrvatski veterinarski institut,... more
Maja ĐOKIĆ, dipl. ing. kem. tehnol., dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ*, (dopisni autor, e-mail: bilandzic@veinst. hr), dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica, dr. sc. Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska; dr. sc. Martina ĐURAS GOMERČIĆ, dr. med. vet., izvanredna profesorica, dr. sc. Tomislav GOMERČIĆ, dr. med. vet., izvanredni profesor, Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska Uvod
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U tkivima kitova zubana iz Jadranskoga mora (misicno tkivo, jetra, bubreg, pluca, slezena, masno tkivo i koža) određene su koncentracije arsena,
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U ovome radu su određene koncentracije makro elemenata Ca, K, Na i Mg te esencijalnih elementa Zn, Fe, Cu i Se u uzorcima mlijeka krava, koza, ovaca, žena te sojinog mlijeka primjenom tehnike induktivno spregnute plazme s optickom... more
U ovome radu su određene koncentracije makro elemenata Ca, K, Na i Mg te esencijalnih elementa Zn, Fe, Cu i Se u uzorcima mlijeka krava, koza, ovaca, žena te sojinog mlijeka primjenom tehnike induktivno spregnute plazme s optickom emisijom (ICP-OES). U kravljem mlijeku određene su najvise koncentracije elemenata (mg/kg): K 2503, Na 800 i Zn 4, 71. Ovcje mlijeko pokazalo je najvise koncentracije (mg/kg): Ca 1995, Mg 308 i Fe 1, 88. U sojinom mlijeku utvrđene su najniže koncentracije Ca od 199 mg/kg te najvise koncentracije (mg/kg): Cu 1, 2 i Se 0, 068. U mlijeku žena utvrđene su najniže koncentracije (mg/kg): K 256, Na 181, Mg 30, 2 i Zn 1, 08. Utvrđene su statisticki znacajne razlike u koncentracijama između razlicitih vrsta mlijeka Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu i Zn (p < 0, 001, svi). Dobivene koncentracija elemenata usporedbom sa prijasnjim istraživanjima u kravljem, kozjem, ovcjem te mlijeku žena pokazale su: kravlje: slicne K, Na i Mg, niža Cu ; kozje: vise K i Se, niže Zn i Cu ; ovcje: vise Na, Mg, Fe i Se, niža K ; mlijeko žena: niže Ca i K, visa Se. Kako je mlijeko važna namirnica u prehrani odnosno ishrani dojencadi koncentracije makro i esencijalnih elemenata imaju znacajnu ulogu u procjeni nutritivne vrijednosti mlijeka, posebno kravljeg mlijeka koje se najvise proizvodi i koristi.
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Fish and fish products has a significant role in nutrition and benefits to human health. However, it can be the source of toxic metals suc as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). The aim of this survey was to estimate... more
Fish and fish products has a significant role in nutrition and benefits to human health. However, it can be the source of toxic metals suc as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). The aim of this survey was to estimate toxic metal concentrations in commercially important fish such as sardine, hake and tuna, purchased in food stores in different cities in Croatia. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were measured using inductively coupled plasma with mass detector (ICP-MS) and Hg by mercury analyser. Mean metal levels measured in three fish species were (mg kg -1 ): sardine As 3.70, Cd 0.0094, Hg 0.064, Pb 0.057; hake As 1.23, Cd 0.005, Hg 0.035, Pb 0.01; tune As 0.91, Cd 0.022, Hg 0.11, Pb 0.01. Significantly higher As and Pb levels were found in sardine than those in hake and tuna (p<0.0001, all). Also, significantly higher Hg levels (p<0.01) was found in tuna than in hake. Cadmium content was significantly higher in sardine (p<0.01) than in hake. Obtained Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations were far below the maximal residue limits (MRL) established by the European Community regulations. For As no MRL is yet established at European level.
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Teski metali arsen, olovo, kadmij, živa i arsen su toksicni neesencijalni metali prisutni u organizmu samo kao posljedica zagađenja i bez poznatih korisnih svojstava za život. Organizam ih može tolerirati u niskim koncentracijama dok kod... more
Teski metali arsen, olovo, kadmij, živa i arsen su toksicni neesencijalni metali prisutni u organizmu samo kao posljedica zagađenja i bez poznatih korisnih svojstava za život. Organizam ih može tolerirati u niskim koncentracijama dok kod visih koncetracija postaju toksicni. Arsen djeluje na mitohondrijske enzime i koci mehanizam stanicnog disanja. Postoji u anorganskom i organskom obliku i u razlicitim oksidacijskim stanjima te je u okolisu prvenstveno prisutan u trovalentnom i pentavalentnom oksidacijskom stanju. Simptomi akutnog otrovanja anorganskim arsenom su teski gastrointestinalni poremecaji, zatajenje jetre i bubrega i kardiovaskularni poremecaji. Kronicna izloženost uzrokuje pigmentaciju kože, hiperkeratozu, karcinom pluca, mjehura, jetre i bubrega, kao i kože. Arsen se javlja u morskoj vodi uglavnom u anorganskim oblicima arsenata i arsenita. Morski organizmi sadrže arsen u mnogo vecim koncentracijama nego kopneni organizmi te su u nemogucnosti izbjegavanja izloženosti potencijalno toksicnim anorganskim vrstama arsena razvili mehanizme biotransformacije i detoksikacije. Arsen nije ravnomjerno distribuiran u tkivima morskih životinja i uglavnom se akumulira u egzoskeletu beskraljesnjaka te u jetri ribe. Koncentracije ukupnog arsena, kao i specificne vrste arsena su promjenjive. Tako je anorganski arsen prisutan gotovo iskljucivo u unutarnjim organima (crijeva, jetra, želudac, srce, skrge) dok je sadržaja arsen u misicima gotovo u potpunosti arsenobetain. Živa u okolis prevenstveno dospijeva erupcijama vulkana, erozijom tla, iz stijena i bakterijskom razgradnjom organskih živinih spojeva. Antropogeni izvori su živine rude, izgaranje fosilnih goriva, industrije koje koriste živu u tehnoloskim procesima. Akutno visoke doze živinih soli prvenstveno uzrokuju bol u prsima i teske gastrointestinalne simptome zbog korozivnih ostecenja probavnog trakta. Kod kronicnog anorganskog trovanja dolazi do ostecenje bubrega, uglavnom proksimalnih kanala, poliurije i proteinurijeMetil-živa je glavni oblik žive u okolisu i glavni oblik nakupljanja u životinjama i covjeku i formira se metilacijom anorganske žive djelovanjem mikroorganizama u okolisu i kao takva ulazi u vodeni hranidbeni lanac. Najvise koncentracije žive pronađene su kod predatorskih riba i morskih sisavaca. Živa se najvise akumulira jetri morskih sisavca u anorganskom obliku sto upucuje na jetru kao mjesto demetiliranja žive. Tako se živini spojevi uglavnom metaboliziraju u jetri gdje se mogu demetilirati ili su podvrgnuti konjugacijskim reakcijama s glutationom i selenom. Formiranje netopljivih spojeva žive i selena se smatra procesom kojim selen može sprijecava živinu toksicnost.
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The differences in metal exposure (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg) in the muscle, liver and kidney tissues of brown bears (Ursus arctos), grey wolfs (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynxs (Lynx lynx), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and pine martens (Martes... more
The differences in metal exposure (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg) in the muscle, liver and kidney tissues of brown bears (Ursus arctos), grey wolfs (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynxs (Lynx lynx), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and pine martens (Martes martes) from Croatia were observed. The highest mean Cd levels were found in kidney and liver of Eurasian badger (3.05 and 0.537 mg/kg). The highest Cu concentrations (mg/kg) measured in liver tissue were obtained in order: Eurasian badger (15.2) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; brown bear (12.1) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; pine marten (10.3) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Eurasian lynx (8.43) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; grey wolf (6.44). Result presented that Eurasian badger accumulated the highest levels of elements: As, Cu and Pb in muscle; As, Cd, Cu and Pb in liver; Cd and Pb in kidney. Kidney of pine marten accumulated the highest concentrations of As, Cu and Hg. Omnivorous species observed present an important bioindicator for the accumulation of toxic elements indicating an enhanced vulnerability for response to ecological changes in forested terrain. Generally, element concentrations found in five species observed were lower in comparison to levels reported in previous studies and below levels related to toxicosis in mammals.
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Dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ*, dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica (dopisni autor, e-mail: bilandzic@ veinst.hr), Bruno ČALOPEK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Božica SOLOMUN KOLANOVIĆ, dipl. ing.... more
Dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ*, dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica (dopisni autor, e-mail: bilandzic@ veinst.hr), Bruno ČALOPEK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Božica SOLOMUN KOLANOVIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Ivana VARENINA, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Đurđica BOŽIĆ LUBURIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Ines VARGA, mag. primj. kem., Maja ĐOKIĆ, dipl. ing. kem. tehnol. Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska Uvod
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The mining and burning of Croatian Raša coal had resulted in release of various contaminants into the local environment. They have remained in the local soil, water, and plants, and became available to animals through their consumption.... more
The mining and burning of Croatian Raša coal had resulted in release of various contaminants into the local environment. They have remained in the local soil, water, and plants, and became available to animals through their consumption. In this study, tissue samples from a total of 12 birds from the Raša area and 8 birds from a control area were subjected to multi-element analysis (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Pb) by ICP-MS. The obtained results showed increased Se and Cd concentrations in some bird tissue samples compared to the control area. The highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Se were found in the liver, while the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb were found in the kidneys. Although some hazardous trace elements were elevated in the tissues of game species, the risk of consuming meat and offal of such species has been found to be very low.
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Abstract Concentrations of selected elements were measured in raw cow milk collected from four geographical regions in Croatia. The highest mean concentrations of Al, Ba, Fe and Zn were measured in milk from Central Croatia. Milk from the... more
Abstract Concentrations of selected elements were measured in raw cow milk collected from four geographical regions in Croatia. The highest mean concentrations of Al, Ba, Fe and Zn were measured in milk from Central Croatia. Milk from the Croatian Littoral and Mountain region showed the highest mean content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. The highest mean concentrations of As and Se were found in milk from Southern Croatia, while Mn had the highest values in Eastern Croatia. Mercury was not determined above the detection limit in any samples. Significant differences in the concentrations of Al, Ba, Se and Zn were found among the regions. A decrease in the Pb content was recorded compared to previous research in milk in Croatia. Estimation of the potential harmful effects of toxic and trace elements through milk consumption by comparing the established highest mean with toxicological limits showed low exposure with regard to Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Ni, Se, Pb and Zn in adult populations in Croatia. The only exception was Cd concentrations in milk, which gave a higher contribution to toxicological limits, especially for consumers consuming greater quantities of milk per week.
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Sažetak Dioksini i dioksinima slični spojevi objedinjuju 29 različitih kongenera dioksina, furana i polikloriranih bifenila (PCB). Toksičnost navedenih spojeva vrlo je slična. Najtoksičniji kongener je 2,3,7,8-tetrakloro-dibenzo-p-dioksin... more
Sažetak Dioksini i dioksinima slični spojevi objedinjuju 29 različitih kongenera dioksina, furana i polikloriranih bifenila (PCB). Toksičnost navedenih spojeva vrlo je slična. Najtoksičniji kongener je 2,3,7,8-tetrakloro-dibenzo-p-dioksin (TCDD). Toksični potencijal ostalih dioksina (PCDD) i furana (PCDF) definira se u odnosu na TCDD. Izloženost ljudi dioksinima uglavnom se odnosi na izloženost preko hrane. Kada dioksini dospiju u organizam, dijelom se metaboliziraju i eliminiraju iz organizma, a dijelom se akumuliraju u masnom tkivu. Zakonskim propisima regulirano je da se udio dioksina u hrani i hrani za životinje izražava toksičnim ekvivalentom (TEQ). Ključne riječi: dioksini, poliklorirani bifenili, hrana
U ovome istraživanju sest vrsta meda prikupljeno je na podrucju Dubrovacke županije: cvijetni mijesani, primorski vrisak (Saturea montama), vrijes (Erica spp.), vrijesak (Canulla vulgaris), ružmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis) i kadulja... more
U ovome istraživanju sest vrsta meda prikupljeno je na podrucju Dubrovacke županije: cvijetni mijesani, primorski vrisak (Saturea montama), vrijes (Erica spp.), vrijesak (Canulla vulgaris), ružmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis) i kadulja (Salvia officinalis). U uzorcima meda određivane su koncentracije toksicnih metala i elemenata u tragovima (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, Th, U, V) primjenom induktivno spregnute plazme s masenom detekcijom (ICP-MS). Koncentracije elemenata u sest vrsta meda kretale su se u rasponu (µg/kg): Ag 0, 089-0, 51 ; Al 708-15467 ; As 1, 29-4, 02 ; Ba 37, 4-133 ; Cd 0, 69-12, 8 ; Cr 3, 75-22, 3 ; Ni 5, 59-30, 8 ; Pb 5, 43-11, 3 ; Sb 0, 44-0, 96 ; Th 0, 013-0, 41 ; U 0, 091-0, 23 ; V 1, 95-3, 70. Najvise koncentracije Al (15467 µg/kg), Cd (12, 8 µg/kg) i Ni (453 µg/kg) određene su u primorskom vrisku. U medu vrijesa određene su najniže koncentracije metala Al, As, Ni i Th, dok su u medu ružmarina određene najniže koncentracije Ag, Ba i Cd. U cvijetnom medu ...
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Concentrations of the macroelements Ca, Mg, K and Na, microelements Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn and toxic metals As, Cd, Hg and Pb were determined in oysters and mussels collected at farming sites in the northern, central and south Adriatic... more
Concentrations of the macroelements Ca, Mg, K and Na, microelements Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn and toxic metals As, Cd, Hg and Pb were determined in oysters and mussels collected at farming sites in the northern, central and south Adriatic Sea. Mean concentrations in oysters were (mg kg−1): As 4.51, Ca 1551, Cd 1.44, Cu 53.6, Cr 0.23, Fe 45.9, Hg 0.047, K 2476, Mg 895, Mn 2.80, Na 7148, Pb 0.52, Zn 675. Mean values in mussels were (mg kg−1): As 4.71, Ca 601, Cd 0.37, Cu 1.91, Cr 0.29, Fe 49.6, Hg 0.026, K 2246, Mg 1043, Mn 2.49, Na 7992, Pb 0.58, Zn 28.8. Significant differences in the concentrations of toxic metals and elements were found in oysters and mussels among farming sites. Obtained Cd, Hg and Pb concentration in oysters and mussels were lower than the limit levels set by the European Community. However, Cd concentration exceeded the limit level of 1 mg kg−1 in oysters from all locations except Lim Bay. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) indicate that oysters are a good source of Ca, Cu and Zn. The higher Cu and Zn concentrations than the toxicity reference values suggest a risk for consumers if larger quantities of oysters are consumed frequently.
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ABSTRACT