Multi Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has become the mainstream of PPP technology. Due to the differences in the coordinates and time references of each GNSS, multi-GNSS PPP must include... more
Multi Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has become the mainstream of PPP technology. Due to the differences in the coordinates and time references of each GNSS, multi-GNSS PPP must include additional Inter-System Bias (ISB) parameters to ensure compatibility between different GNSSs. Therefore, research on the characteristics of ISB is also essential. To analyze the short- and long-term time characteristics of multi-GNSS ISBs, as well as their relationship with receiver type and receiver antenna type, the Undifferenced and Uncombined (UDUC) PPP model of Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), and Galileo satellite navigation system (Galileo) was rigorously derived, and the physical of ISBs was elaborated in depth. ISB parameters were estimated and analyzed using 31 days of data from the 31 Multi-GNSS Experimental stations (MGEX). The results indicate that: (1) the ISB value is dependent on the station receiver...
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Background Aspergillosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. PU.1 is critical for innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) in macrophages. However, the molecular mechanism underlying... more
Background Aspergillosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. PU.1 is critical for innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) in macrophages. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PU.1 mediating immunity against AF infection in human alveolar macrophages (AMs) is still unclear. Methods In this study, we detected the expressions of PU.1, CD23, p-ERK, CCL20 and IL-8 and key inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 in human THP-1-derived macrophages (HTMs) or PU.1/CD23-overexpressed immunodeficient mice with AF infection. Moreover, we examined these expressions in PU.1-overexpressed/interfered HTMs. Additionally, we detected the phagocytosis of macrophages against AF infection with altered PU.1 expression. Dual luciferase, ChIP and EMSAs were performed to detect the interaction of PU.1 and CD23. And we invested the histological changes in mouse lung tissues transfected with PU.1/CD23-expressing adenoviruses in AF infectio...
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Based on the energy ecological architecture with electricity as the core, this paper puts forward the concept of urban “sponge power grid” under the construction background of Smart Grid, the ubiquitous electric Internet of Things and... more
Based on the energy ecological architecture with electricity as the core, this paper puts forward the concept of urban “sponge power grid” under the construction background of Smart Grid, the ubiquitous electric Internet of Things and Energy Internet. This paper introduces the construction significance of urban sponge power grid, the ecological characteristics of sponge power grid and the composition of sponge power grid, and gives the evaluation system of sponge power grid, aiming at giving scientific suggestions on the construction of urban “sponge power grid”.
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In order to apply frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy(FDS) techniques in non-destructive evaluation of transformer oil-paper insulation and insulation pressboard moisture content, based on the XY equivalent model of transformer, the... more
In order to apply frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy(FDS) techniques in non-destructive evaluation of transformer oil-paper insulation and insulation pressboard moisture content, based on the XY equivalent model of transformer, the FDS quantitative calculation formula of oil-paper insulation was derived theoretically in this paper. Firstly, XY equivalent model without moisture was composed of dry oil impregnated pressboard (OIP) and dry transformer oil, the FDS quantitative calculation formula of the dry XY equivalent model was derived based on characteristics of composite dielectric. Then according to the characteristics of mixture of moisture and OIP, the concept of the parallel factor was used in this paper, and the dielectric constant of OIP with moisture was derived. Furthermore, combined with the formula obtained from the first stage, the formula of the FDS of the XY equivalent model with moisture was derived. To verify the correctness of the above theoretical derivation, the XY equivalent models with different moisture content were prepared in laboratory, and the moisture content and the frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy of the above samples were tested respectively by Karl Fisher titration method and IDAX-300. The results of moisture content test were substituted into the above formula to calculate the FDS of the XY equivalent model. It can be found a good fit when compared with the measured FDS, therefore the correctness of the theoretical derivation was verified.
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Short-term load forecasting is an important basis for optimal control of power distribution network, which directly affects the reliability and economy of power network operation. In this paper, variational mode decomposition (VMD) is... more
Short-term load forecasting is an important basis for optimal control of power distribution network, which directly affects the reliability and economy of power network operation. In this paper, variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to decompose hourly load sequence of a day to four subsequences with specific frequency scales. The previous 14-day loads are processed with VMD and their results are combined into four matrices. Four matrices and environmental datas which include five factors are normalized and put into four different LSSVMs for the respective forecast. Different parameters in LSSVMs are optimized by bat algorithm (BA). Four LSSVM results are summed and the final prediction result is yielded. Simulation verifies the effectiveness of this method.
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Multi-station integration is the integration of various stations such as substation, energy storage station, data center, photovoltaic station, and 5G base station. In order to solve the problem of optimal design and coordinated operation... more
Multi-station integration is the integration of various stations such as substation, energy storage station, data center, photovoltaic station, and 5G base station. In order to solve the problem of optimal design and coordinated operation of multi-station under the constraints of station conditions, load demand and economic benefits, this paper presented the capacity planning method and economic analysis of each station in multi-station. Firstly, the integration relationship between stations in multi-station was analyzed. Then, the capacity of each station was planned with the goal of maximizing the utilization rate of existing substation site and meeting the demand of surrounding load. Finally, the economic benefit of the configured capacity was analyzed with a case to provide reference for multi-station project.
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Additional file 11: Figure S5. Sequence alignment of DML3 protein sequences from D. officinale and A. thaliana
Additional file 12: Figure S6. Sequence alignment of ROS1 protein sequences from D. officinale and A. thaliana
Additional file 4: Table S4. Information of C5-MTase genes in the 11 tested species
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are widely involved in plant stress responsive, while their involvement in callus formation is largest unknown. In this study, we identified and conducted expression analysis of the LEA genes... more
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are widely involved in plant stress responsive, while their involvement in callus formation is largest unknown. In this study, we identified and conducted expression analysis of the LEA genes from Phalaenopsis equestris and Dendrobium officinale, and characterized a LEA gene from D. officinale. A total 57 and 59 LEA genes were identified in P. equestris and D. officinale, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis showed that AtM, LEA_5 and Dehydrin groups were absent in both orchids. LEA_1 group genes were strongly expressed in seeds, significantly down-regulated in flowers, and absent in vegetative organs (leaves, stems and roots) in both orchids. Moreover, LEA_1 and LEA_4 group genes from D. officinale were abundant in the protocorm-like body stage and were dramatically up-regulated in response to abscisic acid and salinity stress. A LEA_1 gene (DoLEA43) was selected for further functional analysis. DoLEA43 protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its promoter contained a WUN-motif that was modulated by wounding. Overexpression of DoLEA43 in Arabidopsis enhanced callus induction, causing changes to callus formation-related genes such as WIND1. Our results indicate the involvement of LEA genes in the induction of callus, which provide insights into plant regeneration.
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In order to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the regional ionosphere and the modeling accuracy, the experiment is based on the spherical harmonic function model, using the GPS, Glonass, and Galileo... more
In order to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the regional ionosphere and the modeling accuracy, the experiment is based on the spherical harmonic function model, using the GPS, Glonass, and Galileo dual-frequency observation data from the 305th-334th day of the European CORS network in 2019 to establish a global ionospheric model. By analyzing and evaluating the accuracy of the global ionospheric puncture points, VTEC, and comparing code products, the test results showed that the GPS system has the most dense puncture electricity distribution, the Glonass system is the second, and the Galileo system is the weakest. The values of ionospheric VTEC calculated by GPS, Glonass and Galileo are slightly different, but in terms of trends, they are the same as those of ESA, JPL and UPC. GPS data has the highest accuracy in global ionospheric modeling. GPS, Glonass and Galileo have the same trend, but Glonass data is unstable and fluctuates greatly.
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Deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as flying base stations to provide specific geographical area with air-to-ground wireless communications is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades, owing to its flexibility,... more
Deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as flying base stations to provide specific geographical area with air-to-ground wireless communications is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades, owing to its flexibility, mobility and autonomy. Moreover, mobile edge computing (MEC) promises significant reduction in latency by caching popular contents at the mobile edge. In this paper, we propose a method to apply mobile edge caching on UAVs in wireless communication systems. By investigating the user request preference with the aid of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), the caching strategy can be optimized. In the proposed system, we consider the design of intelligent caching strategies when a number of UAVs are deployed to serve ground users, where each UAV has a limited storage capacity for caching useful user contents. We use LDA to extract the user request preferences in order to intelligently cache data in the UAVs, while we utilize <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-means clustering to classify users and to help deploy UAVs. Besides, we consider three user-UAV association criteria, namely the user received signal to noise ratio (SNR), user preferences and the delay. Our simulation results show that, when compared to random caching, the average caching efficiency could be significantly improved from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{50}\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{70}\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>, while the latency of our proposed system can also be greatly reduced.
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Accurate network topology models are critical to the analysis, operation and planning of distribution systems. With the rapid increase of new customers and the frequent feeder upgrades, there are no good records corresponding of... more
Accurate network topology models are critical to the analysis, operation and planning of distribution systems. With the rapid increase of new customers and the frequent feeder upgrades, there are no good records corresponding of customer's phase and distribution transformer, and the topology information the feeder line. Thus, most electric power companies in China don't have great records of the topology information of the low-voltage distribution network. With the improvement of the intelligence and automation level of distribution network especially the smart metering implementation the electric power company can acquire a large amount of measurements through the power consumption collection system, this provides an opportunity for topology model establishment in low voltage distribution network. This paper proposes a topology identification method of low-voltage distribution network based on smart meter measurements, by analyzing the customer's voltage profile data, the customers on the same distribution feeder phase can be identified. The problem of lack of connection information between customers of low-voltage distribution network can be partially solved.
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Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a precious traditional Chinese medicine. Despite D. officinale displaying a good salt-tolerance level, the yield and growth of D. officinale were impaired drastically by the increasing soil... more
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a precious traditional Chinese medicine. Despite D. officinale displaying a good salt-tolerance level, the yield and growth of D. officinale were impaired drastically by the increasing soil secondary salinization. The molecular mechanisms of D. officinale plants’ adaptation to salt stress are not well documented. Therefore, in the present study, D. officinale plants were treated with 250 mM NaCl. Transcriptome analysis showed that salt stress significantly altered various metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and α-linolenic acid metabolism, and significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of DoAOC, DoAOS, DoLOX2S, DoMFP, and DoOPR involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway, as well as rutin synthesis genes involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed that salt stress induced the accumulation of some compounds in D. officinale leaves, espec...
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The APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in regulating development in plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the AP2 family members in a valuable Chinese herbal orchid, Dendrobium officinale, or in other... more
The APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in regulating development in plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the AP2 family members in a valuable Chinese herbal orchid, Dendrobium officinale, or in other orchids, is limited. In this study, the 14 DoAP2 TFs that were identified from the D. officinale genome and named DoAP2-1 to DoAP2-14 were divided into three clades: euAP2, euANT, and basalANT. The promoters of all DoAP2 genes contained cis-regulatory elements related to plant development and also responsive to plant hormones and stress. qRT-PCR analysis showed the abundant expression of DoAP2-2, DoAP2-5, DoAP2-7, DoAP2-8 and DoAP2-12 genes in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs), while DoAP2-3, DoAP2-4, DoAP2-6, DoAP2-9, DoAP2-10 and DoAP2-11 expression was strong in plantlets. In addition, the expression of some DoAP2 genes was down-regulated during flower development. These results suggest that DoAP2 genes may play roles in plant regeneration and flower dev...
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Abstract Used batteries from electric vehicles (EVs) can be utilized as retired battery energy storage systems (RBESSs) at battery swapping and charging stations (BSCSs) to enhance their economic profitability and operational flexibility,... more
Abstract Used batteries from electric vehicles (EVs) can be utilized as retired battery energy storage systems (RBESSs) at battery swapping and charging stations (BSCSs) to enhance their economic profitability and operational flexibility, by responding to the market incentive mechanism and interacting with EV batteries. In order to maximize the annual income of a BSCS, in this paper, we establish a double-stage coordinative decision-making (DCD) framework for the BSCS configuration, using the distributed robust optimization (DRO) approach for multi-timescale battery inventories. More specifically, in the DRO approach, the probability of each discrete EV battery swapping demand is carefully modeled to address the uncertainty in BSCS operations. The proposed DCD framework is able to enhance the flexibility of BSCS scheduling through systematically and optimally incorporating RBESSs; at the same time, it can also significantly improve regional load characteristics to accommodate the needs of the main electric grid. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DCD framework for BSCS is tested and verified through extensive simulation and comparison studies. The proposed integral optimization approach will be able to facilitate safe, reliable and economic operations of the next-generation power grid, whilst enhancing economics and utilization of retired EV batteries.
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The acetylation or deacetylation of polysaccharides can influence their physical properties and biological activities. One main constituent of the edible medicinal orchid, Dendrobium officinale, is water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs)... more
The acetylation or deacetylation of polysaccharides can influence their physical properties and biological activities. One main constituent of the edible medicinal orchid, Dendrobium officinale, is water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) with substituted O-acetyl groups. Both O-acetyl groups and WSPs show a similar trend in different organs, but the genes coding for enzymes that transfer acetyl groups to WSPs have not been identified. In this study, we report that REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION (RWA) proteins may act as acetyltransferases. Three DoRWA genes were identified, cloned, and sequenced. They were sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA), but there were no differences in germination rate and root length between wild type and 35S::DoRWA3 transgenic lines under ABA stress. Three DoRWA proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. DoRWA3 had relatively stronger transcript levels in organs where acetyl groups accumulated than DoRWA1 and DoRWA2, was co-expressed with polysaccharides synt...
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Members of the MYB superfamily act as regulators in a wide range of biological processes in plants. Despite this, the MYB superfamily from the Orchidaceae has not been identified, and MYB genes related to bioactive water-soluble... more
Members of the MYB superfamily act as regulators in a wide range of biological processes in plants. Despite this, the MYB superfamily from the Orchidaceae has not been identified, and MYB genes related to bioactive water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) biosynthesis are relatively unknown. In this study, we identified 159 and 165 MYB genes from two orchids, Phalaenopsis equestris and Dendrobium officinale, respectively. The MYB proteins were classified into four MYB classes in both orchids: MYB-related (MYBR), R2R3-MYB, 3R-MYB and atypical MYB proteins. The MYBR proteins in both orchids were classified into five subfamilies and 12 genes were strongly up-regulated in response to cold stress in D. officinale. The R2R3-MYB proteins were both divided into 31 clades in P. equestris and D. officinale. Among these clades, nine contained MYB TFs related to secondary cell wall biosynthesis or testa mucilage biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In D. officinale, 10 candidate genes showed an expr...
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This paper proposes a new parallel algorithm for unit commitment including optimal power flow constraints. The algorithm employs a new Augmented Lagrangian method that involves the Variable Duplication technique. By using the Auxiliary... more
This paper proposes a new parallel algorithm for unit commitment including optimal power flow constraints. The algorithm employs a new Augmented Lagrangian method that involves the Variable Duplication technique. By using the Auxiliary Problem Principle, we can convert the primal problem to its dual problem and get the separate structure of the Augmented Lagrangian which allows its implementation in parallel computers. With preliminary implementations of the algorithm, we have been able to solve the IEEE118 and IEEE300 problems reliably. Meanwhile the calculation speed is increased sufficiently by using parallel computation.
Research Interests: Mathematics, Computer Science, Parallel Algorithms, Dynamic programming, Algorithm, and 14 moreEconomic Forecasting, Safety, Computation, Unit Commitment, Parallel Computation, Implementation, Parallel Algorithm, Voltage, Interior Point Method, Parallel Computer, Load Flow, Power flow, Augmented Lagrangian, and Power System Simulation
This paper presents a transient stability constrained unit commitment (TSCUC) model which achieves the objective of maintaining both transient stability and economical operation. In the TSCUC model, transient stability constraints are... more
This paper presents a transient stability constrained unit commitment (TSCUC) model which achieves the objective of maintaining both transient stability and economical operation. In the TSCUC model, transient stability constraints are incorporated into the framework of unit commitment. In order to solve TSCUC problem, augmented Lagrangian relaxation (ALR) combined with variable duplication techniques and the auxiliary problem principle (APP) is used to decompose the TSCUC problem into two sub-problems: one sub-problem is a traditional unit commitment (UC) problem with prevailing constraints; another sub-problem is modeled as a transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) problem. The first sub-problem is solved by dynamic programming, while the second sub-problem is solved using a reduced-space interior point method. In ALR, an efficient hybrid sub-gradient method is developed to update all Lagrangian multipliers. The iterative process continues until the duality gap is sufficiently small. Finally, case studies show that the proposed methodology is very efficient for solving TSCUC problems within a parallel computing framework.