Este trabalho analisa as razões do recorrente fracasso das reformas tributárias no Brasil. Foram estudadas três tentativas de reforma - uma no governo FHC e duas no governo Lula. Apesar de o sistema tributário brasileiro ser muito mal... more
Este trabalho analisa as razões do recorrente fracasso das reformas tributárias no Brasil. Foram estudadas três tentativas de reforma - uma no governo FHC e duas no governo Lula. Apesar de o sistema tributário brasileiro ser muito mal avaliado, todas estas tentativas de reforma falharam. A hipótese central do trabalho é que este fracasso não pode ser explicado pelas estruturas políticas ou federativas, mas pela estratégia dos governos. A ampla insatisfação com os tributos no Brasil induz o governo a propor reformas abrangentes, que alteram muitos aspectos da intrincada estrutura tributária. Estas propostas acabam gerando conflitos multidimensionais, ou seja, o aparecimento de muitas clivagens políticas simultâneas. Também se compara a reforma tributária a outras duas grandes reformas do período: a reforma do judiciário e a reforma administrativa.This thesis analyzes the reasons for the persistent failure of the tax reforms in Brazil. I studied three attempts at reform one in Cardoso...
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Este trabalho analisa os determinantes da eficiência dos municípios do Estado de São Paulo em prover serviços de saúde. Dois conjuntos de hipóteses foram testados. O primeiro, ligado à teoria da modernização, diz que a eficiência é... more
Este trabalho analisa os determinantes da eficiência dos municípios do Estado de São Paulo em prover serviços de saúde. Dois conjuntos de hipóteses foram testados. O primeiro, ligado à teoria da modernização, diz que a eficiência é determinada pelas condições sociais dos municípios, sendo que os municípios menores e mais pobres tenderiam a ser menos eficientes que os municípios grandes e ricos. O segundo conjunto de hipóteses diz respeito ao impacto das instituições fiscais. Segundo essa visão, as transferências intergovernamentais tenderiam a criar incentivos negativos para a eficiência local. A análise se mostrou claramente a favor das teorias institucionalistas. Como produto intermediário da análise, foi criado um indicador inédito da eficiência do setor público, mais abrangente e flexível que os usados até o momento pela literatura.This dissertation analyzes the determinants of the efficiency of local governments in the state of São Paulo in delivering health services. Two sets ...
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Why Has Participatory Budgeting Adoption Declined in Brazil? Participatory Budgeting (PB) is a policy innovation that originated in Brazil and is recognized worldwide by scholars and international organizations as an effective policy tool... more
Why Has Participatory Budgeting Adoption Declined in Brazil? Participatory Budgeting (PB) is a policy innovation that originated in Brazil and is recognized worldwide by scholars and international organizations as an effective policy tool for directly involving the population in decisions about the local budget. Its diffusion in Brazil was strongly stimulated by the Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores PT), as a showcase of the "Petista Way of Governing". However, when the Party took the Federal Office, it abandoned PB as its main participatory policy priority. The motivation for such drastic change in policy preference remains unexplained, by both scholars and the Party itself. To understand the reasons for it, we present an original hypothesis, based on party adaptation to increasing fiscal and budgetary rigidity. To test this hypothesis, we use a mixed-methods approach, with qualitative data, such as interviews and newspapers content analysis, and quantitative ...
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O presente artigo visa analisar o conteúdo das leis aprovadas pelas Assembleias estaduais no combate à crise econômica e social gerada pela Covid-19. Foram analisadas 309 leis de dezesseis estados brasileiros. Observou-se que o padrão de... more
O presente artigo visa analisar o conteúdo das leis aprovadas pelas Assembleias estaduais no combate à crise econômica e social gerada pela Covid-19. Foram analisadas 309 leis de dezesseis estados brasileiros. Observou-se que o padrão de relações entre Assembleia Legislativa e governos de Estado variou enormemente, sendo que alguns parlamentos aprovaram muitas leis e outros pouquíssimas. Principalmente nos parlamentos que aprovaram muitas leis, houve um notável aumento do intervencionismo econômico, principalmente em medidas que beneficiavam, de forma difusa, a classe média. Esse achado contraria o esperado pela literatura, que preconiza que o maior interesse dos parlamentares é medidas de interesse local ou setorial.
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Participatory Budgeting (PB) is a democratic policy innovation created in Brazil in the early 1990s, recognized worldwide as an effective policy tool for directly involving the population in budget decisions. Its diffusion in Brazil was... more
Participatory Budgeting (PB) is a democratic policy innovation
created in Brazil in the early 1990s, recognized worldwide as an effective
policy tool for directly involving the population in budget decisions. Its
diffusion in Brazil was strongly stimulated by the Workers' Party (Partido
dos Trabalhadores - PT) as a showcase of the ‘Petista Way of Governing’.
However, after the party took the presidential office, PB lost its status as
a top participatory policy. Without its leading promoter, PB gradually
declined in Brazil. What explains such a drastic change in PT’s policy
preference? What are the possible explanations for the retrenchment of
PB? We argue that gradual changes in fiscal laws have led to lower
investment and tighter local budgets, reducing the effectiveness of PB and
discouraging further adoption of this policy, thus resulting in its decline
in Brazil. The shift in PT’s policy preference is therefore
explained by the fact that the party adapted to the context of increasing
budgetary rigidity. Using panel data analysis, we found that both the
adoption and the continuity of PB at the local level between 1996 and
2016 are strongly correlated with budget and investment, a finding that
supports our initial hypothesis.
created in Brazil in the early 1990s, recognized worldwide as an effective
policy tool for directly involving the population in budget decisions. Its
diffusion in Brazil was strongly stimulated by the Workers' Party (Partido
dos Trabalhadores - PT) as a showcase of the ‘Petista Way of Governing’.
However, after the party took the presidential office, PB lost its status as
a top participatory policy. Without its leading promoter, PB gradually
declined in Brazil. What explains such a drastic change in PT’s policy
preference? What are the possible explanations for the retrenchment of
PB? We argue that gradual changes in fiscal laws have led to lower
investment and tighter local budgets, reducing the effectiveness of PB and
discouraging further adoption of this policy, thus resulting in its decline
in Brazil. The shift in PT’s policy preference is therefore
explained by the fact that the party adapted to the context of increasing
budgetary rigidity. Using panel data analysis, we found that both the
adoption and the continuity of PB at the local level between 1996 and
2016 are strongly correlated with budget and investment, a finding that
supports our initial hypothesis.