Nicole Vallejo Alviter

Introduction: in Mexico, in the last decade, the consumption of psychoactive substances has increased among teenagers, especially the female population (INPRFM et al., 2017). One of the conceptual lines to understand this change is the construction of gender. Objective: we explored the relationship between gender stereotypes, traits and roles, and the use of illegal psychoactive substances in Mexican adolescents. Method: cross-sectional, correlational study, with a sample of 145 high school students from the Veracruz state, Mexico. The participants answered the scales: Traits, Roles, and Gender stereotypes, along with some questions to explore drug use. Results: we found similarities between men and women's consumption of alcohol and tobacco; however, there was a higher use of illegal drugs in men. Men and women illegal drug users presented negative instrumental traits such as aggressiveness and impulsiveness. Men, both users and non-users, presented a higher score on the gender stereotypes scale, while women users had more negative instrumental roles with their peer group. Negative instrumental traits were predictors of illegal drug use. Discussion and conclusion: findings suggest further analysis of substance use from a gender perspective.

Este artículo es el resultado de un proceso investigativo llevado a cabo en la secundaria José Martí en la comunidad Mesa de Guadalupe, perteneciente al Estado de Veracruz en México; la investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer si la promoción de estilos de vida saludables impacta de manera positiva en la conducta de los adolescentes de dicha Institución. Se llevó a cabo un taller que se elaboró a partir de un diagnóstico realizado a los adolescentes mediante un cuestionario de estilos de vida. Los resultados muestran que disminuyó el alto riesgo en las diferentes áreas que contiene el cuestionario, por tanto, concluimos que la promoción de estilos de vida saludable impacta positivamente a los adolescentes modificando conductas y hábitos que ponen en riesgo su salud.

This research studies impulsiveness and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in impulsiveness and family conflict between high school student users and non-users of illegal psychoactive substances. A quantitative methodology through a cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out. A questionnaire composed by the Plutchik scale of impulsiveness, some items of the Climent, Aragón and Plutchik Scale of Impulsivity and indicators to explore consumption of psychoactive substances. The sample was composed by 344 high school students of the municipality of Emiliano Zapata in Veracruz, México. The results show that 9.0% have consumed illegal drugs. A correlation was found between family conflict, impulsivity and use of psychoactive substances. We found that impulsivity and risk taking are predictors of illegal drug use. The results show that impulsivity is a factor related to drug use and it...

This article is the result of an investigative process carried out at José Martí Secondary school in the Mesa de Guadalupe community, belonging to the state of Veracruz in Mexico; The objective of the research was to know whether the promotion of healthy lifestyles positively impact the behavior of adolescents in the institution. A workshop was conducted that was developed from a diagnosis made to adolescents through a lifestyle questionnaire. The results show that the high risk in the different areas of the questionnaire has decreased, so we conclude that the promotion of healthy lifestyles positively impacts adolescents by modifying behaviors and habits that endanger their health.

Key words: psychoactive substances, impulsivity, family conflict, teenagers, high school. The results shows that impulsivity was a predictor of drug consumption, users of psychoactive substances had high impulsivity in comparison of non users, for wich it is necessary to design interventions that favor the management of emotions and decision making in adolescents. Also family conflict correlate with the use of psychoactive substances, users had a high level of situations of conflict in their family, however this factor was not a predictor of consumption in all the sample only in the group of women, who presented a higher consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other substances. Impulsivity and family conflict correlated, which supports theoretical aspects that suggest that the family has a fundamental role in the control of impulses. En esta investigación se estudia la impulsividad y los factores de conflicto en la familia como predictores del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes de telesecundarias. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa, mediante un estudio de corte transversal, observacional y correlacional, para el cual se aplicó un cuestionario conformado por: indicadores de características sociodemográficas, escala de relaciones familiares disfuncionales perteneciente al DUSI (Tarter, 1990), escala de Impulsividad de Plutchik (1989), el test AUDIT (Bush, Kivlahan, McDonell, Fihn, y Bradley, 1998) y Fagerström (Fagerström, 1978) que exploran el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y tabaco respectivamente, indicadores para identificar consumo de otras sustancias psicoactivas y su patrón de consumo. Participaron 344 estudiantes de tres telesecundarias del municipio de Emiliano Zapata ubicado en el estado de Veracruz, México. Los resultados revelan que la mitad de los participantes alguna vez había consumido bebidas alcohólicas, casi una cuarta parte había consumido tabaco alguna vez y un 9% había consumido otras sustancias psicoactivas. Si bien la mayoría de los usuarios son experimentales, se encontraron casos de consumo moderado y alto. Los hallazgos indican que la impulsividad disfuncional es un factor predictor del uso de sustancias en los adolescentes, lo que hace evidente la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones que favorezcan el manejo de emociones y toma de decisiones. Del mismo modo, el sexo y la ocupación fueron predictores, en el grupo de mujeres se observó un mayor consumo de sustancias; de igual manera, quienes indicaron que además de estudiar se dedican a trabajar también presentaron un mayor consumo. Cabe señalar que el conflicto familiar en términos estadísticos solo fue un factor predictor en el grupo de las mujeres; sin embargo, se encontraron correlaciones entre el conflicto familiar y el consumo de sustancias, también el grupo de usuarios presentó mayores puntuaciones en la escala de relaciones familiares disfuncionales. La impulsividad y el conflicto familiar tuvieron una correlación, que a pesar de ser baja fue estadísticamente significativa.