This comprehensive study provides an in-depth analysis of non-traditional machining techniques in the manufacturing industry. Focusing on mechanical, electrochemical, chemical, and thermal machining processes, the research explores recent... more
This comprehensive study provides an in-depth analysis of non-traditional machining techniques in the manufacturing industry. Focusing on mechanical, electrochemical, chemical, and thermal machining processes, the research explores recent advancements and their implications. The study adopts the action research method to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges associated with these techniques. Through a thorough examination of the machining processes, this work delves into various concepts, including the operations involved in each process and their corresponding outcomes. The analysis sheds light on the significance of non-traditional machining in the manufacturing industry, highlighting its potential for producing complex components and meeting design requirements that traditional machining methods may struggle to achieve. By exploring recent developments in non-traditional machining, this study aims to provide an overview of the advancements made in this field. It emphasize...
Oxyacetylene welding is a fast-growing means of joining metals that were developed to address the drawbacks of other welding techniques. The use of chemical compounds known as fluxes in the welding process does this, resulting in improved... more
Oxyacetylene welding is a fast-growing means of joining metals that were developed to address the drawbacks of other welding techniques. The use of chemical compounds known as fluxes in the welding process does this, resulting in improved weld characteristics and increased weld depth. Chemical synthesis was used to create a new nanoparticle flux powder from Egg shell powder for this research. The powder was studied micro-structurally and spectroscopically using SEM, TEM, FTIR, and EDS techniques, and it was discovered to be a compound made up of 57.31 % calcium, 12.31 % sodium, and 6.86 % carbon. The flux was tested on, 8 mm mild steel rods, 3 pcs each of 10 x 10 mm and 50 x 50 mm galvanized steel plates, utilizing oxyacetylene welding techniques. 50 x 50 mm mild steel plates and galvanized steel plates Control samples were made utilizing the oxyacetylene welding techniques with and without the use of a flux (Easy-Flo powder). The mild steel welds generated with the created flux wer...
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The present study examines the entropy generation of graphene nanoplatelet (GnP) suspended in different basefluids, theoretically. GnP in water (W), ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylene glycol- water (EGW, 1:1) was examined under laminar... more
The present study examines the entropy generation of graphene nanoplatelet (GnP) suspended in different basefluids, theoretically. GnP in water (W), ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylene glycol- water (EGW, 1:1) was examined under laminar flow state in a unit length mini and micro-channel of 3mm and 0.05mm diameter. The coefficient of conductivity (Ck) and viscosity (Cμ) of the nanofluid were determined from experimental analysis and their order of magnitude were established for analysis of entropy generation in mini and micro-channels. Entropy generation by fluid friction (Ṡgen, ff) in the channels containing EG was higher than with W and EGW by 75.6% and 79.9%, respectively. Thermal irreversibility (Ṡgen, th) of W was lower by132.9% and 58.2% compared to EG and EGW. Sgen,th in all the fluids decreased with increased solid volume fraction in mini-channels, while, Ṡgen,ff increased with increase in volume fraction for micro-channels. Total entropy generation (Ṡgen, tot) of water was low...
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In this paper, the temperature distribution in a slab was investigated. A model based on the Boltzmann transport equation without heat source was simplified using the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) approximation was applied. This is an... more
In this paper, the temperature distribution in a slab was investigated. A model based on the Boltzmann transport equation without heat source was simplified using the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) approximation was applied. This is an example of the Lattice Boltzmann Method. The model was developed based on using a D2Q4 lattice arrangement for the medium of study. To obtain results, the model was tested on different cases: Two box-shaped slabs with different boundary conditions, and a T-shaped and an L-shaped slabs to determine the temperature distributions different times t > 0. The results obtained based on the developed model were validated with the enterprise software COMSOL Multiphysics which is based on the Finite Element Method. For the two cases of box-shaped and the T-shaped slabs, their results were in nearly perfect agreement with the finite element method. However, for the L-shaped slab, there was good agreement at most points apart from the regions where there was chan...
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Power consumption is a significant issue in developing countries, and the refrigerator is one of the largest consumers of electricity. Nanoparticles functioning as additives to refrigerants or lubricating oils help reduce compressor work... more
Power consumption is a significant issue in developing countries, and the refrigerator is one of the largest consumers of electricity. Nanoparticles functioning as additives to refrigerants or lubricating oils help reduce compressor work and reduce the power consumption of refrigerators. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were developed using Aloe Vera leaves and dispersed in mineral oil to reduce the compressor work and increase the performance of a domestic vapour compression refrigeration system. After the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles, spectroscopical investigations using EDS revealed the nanoparticles to have 73.31% zinc, 20.19% oxygen and 6.40% carbon indicating a significant phase of zinc oxide. Microstructural studies on the nanoparticles revealed an average nanoparticle size of 4.68 nm within the nanometric range. The nanoparticles were dispersed in mineral oil in concentrations of 0.5 g/250 ml, 0.75 g/250 ml, 1 g/250 ml, 1.25 g/250 ml and 1.5 g/250 ml of t...
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Prediction and control of undesirable deterioration of cutting tools are the most essential challenges emanating in the design of tool which has to be checked. As a result of an increase in wear rate of HSS cutting tools, so has the need... more
Prediction and control of undesirable deterioration of cutting tools are the most essential challenges emanating in the design of tool which has to be checked. As a result of an increase in wear rate of HSS cutting tools, so has the need for wear resistant. The result has been a progression of carburizing the tools for better performance. Based on the theoretical analysis and study of tool wear and parameters that mitigates against wear resistance of cutting tools, this research work presents an experimental investigation and analysis of the wear properties of carburized HSS cutting tools. Twelve Samples under consideration were carburized HSS (ASTM A600) tools (0.65% C) treated at 800,850,900 and 950oC with holding time of 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. The wear properties of weight loss, wear volume, wear resistance and wear rate were carried out using Rotopol –V, impact tester, polisher, grinder and weight scale. It was found from the experiment carried out that cutting too...
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The deformation load is the most important parameter in the press design. The flow of metal, consequently load, is largely influenced by the geometry of the die and hence the geometric shape of the tools is the main factor by which an... more
The deformation load is the most important parameter in the press design. The flow of metal, consequently load, is largely influenced by the geometry of the die and hence the geometric shape of the tools is the main factor by which an optimum load can be developed. In extrusion process the strain distribution, resulting from deformation load, and other important variables that influence material structure, such as a hydrostatic stress, are strongly dependent on the geometry of the die. In the present investigation using linearly converging die profiles, the extrusion of simple and advanced polygons such as circular, square, triangular, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, L-, T-, and H- sections from round billet have been numerically simulated. Mathematical equations describing the die profiles were evaluated. A solid CAD model for the linearly converging die profile was made using Autodesk Inventor 2013 software and numerical analysis using DEFORM 3D software for extrusion of the abo...
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The wave-induced dynamic load is one of the most important excitations to be dealt with in the design of offshore structures and the platforms. In order to perform a reliable design of an offshore structure, it is important to obtain an... more
The wave-induced dynamic load is one of the most important excitations to be dealt with in the design of offshore structures and the platforms. In order to perform a reliable design of an offshore structure, it is important to obtain an exact evaluation of its dynamic response to wave load but also to examine the ways of reducing the response. The work analyzed the effects of wave load on periodic support of isolation system of jacket offshore platform. The platform considered herein as an example to examine the effectiveness of the proposed vibration control strategy for offshore structures. In this section, a parametric study for the jacket offshore platform with installation of the periodic support to enhance isolation system due to its attenuations ability over broad frequencies and the effects of wave load on offshore jacket platforms installed with energy dissipation devices such as periodic support were presented. The offshore jacket platforms are modeled as multi-degrees-of-...
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The importance of steel in manufacturing and construction over the past century cannot be over-emphasized and easy accessibility couple with excellent mechanical properties make it preferable over others. However, the problem of... more
The importance of steel in manufacturing and construction over the past century cannot be over-emphasized and easy accessibility couple with excellent mechanical properties make it preferable over others. However, the problem of durability has posed a serious concern as majority of steel application are meant for long term use. Several attempts have been made to improve the durability of steel in the past and increase of carbon content in low carbon steel was found to be a suitable agent. Although getting carbon is not the challenge rather obtaining it from a sustainable source that has zero environment impact. This research identified two separate agrowaste that has high carbon content the issue of sustainability brought about the development of carburizing agent from agrowaste that are easily accessible namely palm kernel and eggshell which is employed in this research. The use of agrowaste was found to be effective as there was notable increase in grain structure of the carburize...
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The goal of this study was to investigate the changing characteristics of Heat-Treated Aluminum Alloy 6101 quenched in various media. The research methodology of this research includes performing heat treatment on the Aluminum Alloy 6101... more
The goal of this study was to investigate the changing characteristics of Heat-Treated Aluminum Alloy 6101 quenched in various media. The research methodology of this research includes performing heat treatment on the Aluminum Alloy 6101 samples at various temperatures, specifically 250℃, 350℃ and 450℃ as well as carrying out quenching processes of the samples using Brine and Water as the main quenchants, and then allowing some samples to cool in the furnace and the rest to be normalized in air, after which mechanical tests (hardness and impact test) will then be carried out on the samples, followed by the microstructural analysis of the alloy. The study concluded that Aluminum Alloy 6101 should be heated to 250°C to achieve the greatest positive effect on its hardness properties, and the air was found to be the best cooling medium. It was also established that Brine Solution used as a quenching media has no significant effect on the hardness property of Aluminum Alloy 6101. Further...
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The conversion of waste to wealth has recently grossed high attention as it possesses the ability to boost the economy of any nation; hence, this research. In this study, the characterization and investigation of mechanical properties of... more
The conversion of waste to wealth has recently grossed high attention as it possesses the ability to boost the economy of any nation; hence, this research. In this study, the characterization and investigation of mechanical properties of nano- flux (CaO) welding powder developed from bio-agrowaste (eggshell) was carried out. Mild, galvanized and stainless steel of plates and rods were used as parent metals for the experiment. Results obtained from hardness test in the base metal, weld joint and heat affected zone for the galvanized and mild steel plates with nano-flux powder gave the best hardness of 111.95, 120.30, 182.99 and 206.21, 164.85, 110.56 BHN respectively. The tensile stress obtained both for mild and stainless steel was 88.14 MPa while the tensile strain obtained for both plates were 0.0155 mm/mm. Microstructural analysis results shows an improvement in the structure, surface and patterns of the weld with the use of developed flux compared with imported flux. Hence eggsh...
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ASTM A36 is the most used type of mild steel especially in construction and manufacturing industry. Welding process is regularly employed to fix the crack that usually occurs in low carbon mild steel after a long time use especially in... more
ASTM A36 is the most used type of mild steel especially in construction and manufacturing industry. Welding process is regularly employed to fix the crack that usually occurs in low carbon mild steel after a long time use especially in construction industry. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties on mild steel [ASTM A36] lap welded joint were investigated. Seven pieces of 60 mm × 300 mm mild steel bar were used for this research. Five samples were heat treated in an electric muffle furnace and soaked at 6000C for 65 minutes. Two samples were cooled in air and furnace while the remaining three were rapidly quenched in water, spent engine oil and diesel oil each.Hardness and Impact tests specimens were made from the control (as received) sample and the various heat-treated samples. The specimens were joined together using E6361 mild steel arch welding electrode, lap welding joints and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Hardness test and impact test a...
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In recent machining operation, tool life is one of the most demanding tasks in production process, especially in the automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to study tool wear on HSS in end milling of aluminium 6061 alloy. The... more
In recent machining operation, tool life is one of the most demanding tasks in production process, especially in the automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to study tool wear on HSS in end milling of aluminium 6061 alloy. The experiments were carried out to investigate tool wear with the machined parameters and to developed mathematical model using response surface methodology. The various machining parameters selected for the experiment are spindle speed (N), feed rate (f), axial depth of cut (a) and radial depth of cut (r). The experiment was designed using central composite design (CCD) in which 31 samples were run on SIEG 3/10/0010 CNC end milling machine. After each experiment the cutting tool was measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained optimum machining parameter combination are spindle speed of 2500 rpm, feed rate of 200 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 20 mm, and radial depth of cut 1.0mm was found out to achieved the minimum tool wear as 0.213 mm...
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The effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining was presented in this study. Mild steel of 150 kg mass containing 0.56% carbon was charged into the furnace at melting and pouring... more
The effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining was presented in this study. Mild steel of 150 kg mass containing 0.56% carbon was charged into the furnace at melting and pouring temperature of 1539 and 1545 °C respectively. Also charged into the furnace with the mild steel were 0.05% max phosphorous and a bit of sulphur. Thereafter, the sample was cooled and annealed at a temperature of 900 °C for 9 h and then cooled to 300 °C of hardening, normalizing and tempering respectively. The treated samples were then soaked with pulverized in palm kernel shell and barium carbonate (20%) energizer at respective temperatures (800, 850, 900 and 950 °C) and time variances (60, 90 and 120 min) in a muffle furnace. The developed tool was tested on a lathe machine to evaluate its performance. The surface and core hardness, wear resistance and toughness were carried out using the hardness tester, Rotopol-V and impact tester respectively. Thi...
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This research introduced a new poly-ether-ether-ketone calcium hydroxyapatite (PEEK-cHAp) composite for a convenient, fast, and inexpensive femur bone-implant scaffold with different lattice structures to mimic natural bone structure.... more
This research introduced a new poly-ether-ether-ketone calcium hydroxyapatite (PEEK-cHAp) composite for a convenient, fast, and inexpensive femur bone-implant scaffold with different lattice structures to mimic natural bone structure. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) was used to print a hybrid PEEK-based filament-bearing bioactive material suited for developing cHAp. Using FDM, the same bone scaffold PEEK will be fabricated, depending on the shape of the bone fracture. The scaffolds were examined for in vitro bioactivity by immersing them in a simulated bodily fluid (SBF) solution. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity tests validated the suitability of the composite materials employed to create minimal toxicity of the scaffolds. After spreading PEEK nanoparticles in the grains, the suggested spherical nanoparticle cell expanded over time. The motif affected the microstructure of PEEK-cHAp in terms of grain size and 3D shape. The results established the proposed optimum design and suit...
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The hunt for environmentally friendly cutting fluids is underway as the problems of conventional cutting fluids become more evident. To achieve environmentally conscious machining, the current study examines the use of Mango Kernel Seed... more
The hunt for environmentally friendly cutting fluids is underway as the problems of conventional cutting fluids become more evident. To achieve environmentally conscious machining, the current study examines the use of Mango Kernel Seed Oil (MKSO) as a cutting fluid during the turning of AISI 1525 steel. According to the 24 complete factorial techniques, the vegetable-oil-based cutting was produced by dissolving four different additives in mango kernel seed oil: emulsifying, antimicrobial, anti-corrosive, and antifoam substances. Afterward, the formulated vegetable oil was characterized both physically and chemically to determine its capability. The developed MKSO was mechanically evaluated using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate served as the input parameters, while surface roughness, cutting temperature, machine sound level, and machine vibration rate were the responses. Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis was used to perform multi-object...
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The production of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was made from the aloe vera plant which served as the reductant and this was mixed with mineral oil to decrease compressor effort in order to raise the efficiency of a domestic vapour... more
The production of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was made from the aloe vera plant which served as the reductant and this was mixed with mineral oil to decrease compressor effort in order to raise the efficiency of a domestic vapour compression refrigeration system. The nanoparticles were dissolved in mineral oil at different proportions of 1.50 grams, 1.25 grams, 1.00 grams, 0.75 grams as well as 0.5 grams each in 250 ml. The system was monitored for about three hours forty-five minutes (225 minutes) per sample, and the parameters for comparison are the discharge temperatures, pull-down time, and net refrigeration effect. The results indicate a reduction in discharge temperature by 4-10% from 0.2 wt. %, 0.5 wt. %, and 0.6 wt. %, and a lower pull downtime of 40% from 0.2 wt. % concentration as compared to the values from the control specimen, which contained pure mineral oil.
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Scientists and tribologists are currently exploring sustainable and inexhaustible lubricants as a result of increased awareness of environmental and health-related issues. Vegetable oils are being investigated as a potential form of... more
Scientists and tribologists are currently exploring sustainable and inexhaustible lubricants as a result of increased awareness of environmental and health-related issues. Vegetable oils are being investigated as a potential form of environmentally friendly cutting fluids due to their excellent renewability, biodegradability, and lubricating performance. This report provides an overview of different vegetable oils used as cutting fluids in the machining of engineering materials. The effects of virgin vegetable oils, emulsified vegetable-based oils, and vegetable-oil-based nano-cutting fluids on the cutting force, the surface finish of machined parts, the tool wear, and the temperature of the cutting area were surveyed critically. Compared to mineral-oil-based cutting fluids, studies have demonstrated that vegetable-oil-based cutting fluids meet cleaner manufacturing standards with good or better efficiency.
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The pursuit of environmentally friendly cutting fluids is ongoing as the problems of traditional cutting fluids become more apparent. The bulk of vegetable oils used in studies are consumable and, if marketed, may conflict with human... more
The pursuit of environmentally friendly cutting fluids is ongoing as the problems of traditional cutting fluids become more apparent. The bulk of vegetable oils used in studies are consumable and, if marketed, may conflict with human utilization, making cutting fluids more costly. However, few investigations on the use of lesser-known vegetable oils as cutting fluids have been conducted. As a result, the goal of this research is to examine how effective some lesser-known vegetable oils will be if used as a cutting fluid. Based on some physicochemical properties such as acid value and viscosity, the developed vegetable oil-based cutting fluids (watermelon and jatropha) were statistically analyzed using 24 full factorial techniques. This paper aimed at determining the interaction of the physicochemical properties on the developed cutting fluids. Emulsifiers, antifoam agents, biocide, and anti-corrosive agents were considered as natural variables. The effect of the natural variables on...
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This present paper focused on the numerical modelling and simulation of the influence of friction and drawing tension while validating it with experimental results for both symmetric and axisymmetric plane deformations in stranded and... more
This present paper focused on the numerical modelling and simulation of the influence of friction and drawing tension while validating it with experimental results for both symmetric and axisymmetric plane deformations in stranded and unstranded wire drawing of pure aluminium. It must be noted that several methods have been deployed in recent years such as empirical, numerical, mathematical, analytical, as well as experimental in analyzing and optimizing forces and stresses in wire drawing and there are no definite solutions yet in solving the numerical complexities involved as a result of enormous number of factors during the wire drawing operation. On this note, modelling and simulation with different cases had been established. In this study, 9.50 mm was drawn into different diameters having 4.4 mm as entry and 1.7 mm as exit with intermediate sizes. It was established in the study that half conical angle must be kept as moderate as possible, it must not be too high or too low. A...
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The work presents the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of AA6063. The evolving properties due to the influence of process parameters and the efficacy of metallurgical, structural, mechanical, and electrochemical integrities were studied.... more
The work presents the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of AA6063. The evolving properties due to the influence of process parameters and the efficacy of metallurgical, structural, mechanical, and electrochemical integrities were studied. FSSW was conducted on 2mm thickness by varying the rotational speed of 600, 900 and 1200 rpm and the dwell time at 10 and 15 s. The evolving microstructures, hardness, corrosion, shear tensile behaviours and X-ray diffraction characteristics of the as-received material and the welds were studied. As the tool rotational speed increased at a constant dwell time, a smooth and debris free spot welds were noticed, more HAZ formations became visible and more intermetallic phases of aluminium magnesium (AlMg) were formed although with very low peaks during structural assessment. Furthermore, the hardness values increased up to a certain limit and then decreased, the corrosion properties in artificial seawater (ASW) shown significant improvement on the spo...
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Failure of engineering materials is most often catastrophic but yet avoidable. This possibility has resulted in various studies into possible ways to strengthen engineering materials with quite a lot of opinions surfacing. The rapid... more
Failure of engineering materials is most often catastrophic but yet avoidable. This possibility has resulted in various studies into possible ways to strengthen engineering materials with quite a lot of opinions surfacing. The rapid development in world population has brought about high demand for agricultural products, which in turn results in daily increase in environmental degradation and pollution, hence their consideration as agro-based flux. This study was a review of approaches to strengthen carbon steels using a few agro waste types (Date seed, Palm kernel shell & Banana peel). The characteristic properties and engineering value of these various wastes have been closely studied. The review shows that Date Seed and Palm kernel shell shows better strength abilities and could enhance steel types better than Banana Peel and is recommended for use.
The efficacy of coconut Shell nanoparticle (CS-NPs) in any application either as activated carbon, filler, or reinforcement depend absolutely on if the particle is in the form of macro-, micro-, and nano-particles. It has been established... more
The efficacy of coconut Shell nanoparticle (CS-NPs) in any application either as activated carbon, filler, or reinforcement depend absolutely on if the particle is in the form of macro-, micro-, and nano-particles. It has been established by various authors that investigated the effect of milling on particles size that reductions in particle size improve mechanical properties, absorption rate, and morphological characteristics. Coconut Shell nanoparticles (CS-NPs) has been studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The SEM magnifications were taking at 1.00kx which gives 50 µm at varying milling time of 0, 20, 40 and 60 Mins. A digitalized mechanical vibratory disc milling machine was used for the grinding of the Coconut Shell. In this study, processing of SEM images has been carried out using ImageJ software by the method of thresholding segmentation. The processing was carried out to determine the foreground from a background of the CS-NPs, this enhanced visual perception and a better understanding of the Images at the same time high resolutions and better quality of the final result of the analysis were achieved. It was revealed that at 0 minutes which has been taken as 75 µm sieved, the highest values for the mean particle area was found to be 16.105 µm 2 and its area standard deviation at that point was found to be 200.738 µm 2 which gives the least value for a number of particle size distribution as 809 µm. However, 60 minutes milling time was noted to have the least mean particle area with area standard deviation value of 8.945 µm 2 and the highest value for the number of particle size was recorded at the point to be 2032 µm. In overall, milling time is directly proportional to the increasing number of particle size distribution and inversely proportional to the area of particle size.