- My career in higher education had two distinct phases, each about 20 years in length. The first half involved researc... moreMy career in higher education had two distinct phases, each about 20 years in length. The first half involved research and development activities (mainly relating to instructional simulation and gaming as well as instructional systems design) and consulting (mainly in organizational development and evaluation.) The second half involved teaching and administrative responsibilities in Christian higher education at Trinity International University, Deerfield, Illinois. I also taught graduate-level courses in the Clinical Psychology program at Wheaton College, and volunteered time in the Sexual Wellness Clinic at Loyola University Medical Center. In 2004, I retired with the rank of Professor Emeritus of Psychology, and my wife and I retired in Maui, Hawaii. In 2013, we returned to Sisters, Oregon at the foot of the Cascade Mountains where we currently reside. Recently, I published two books on Kindle: Biblical Sexuality: Mentoring Emerging Adults to Find Their Way, and Biblical Sexuality: A Guide for Emerging Adults.edit
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Summary. 184 college students were taught to decipher coded sentences. Two variables were studied: (a) Rule: given or not given before the learner responded; (b) Knowledge of correct response (KCR); given or not given. A 2 × 2 linear... more
Summary. 184 college students were taught to decipher coded sentences. Two variables were studied: (a) Rule: given or not given before the learner responded; (b) Knowledge of correct response (KCR); given or not given. A 2 × 2 linear hypothesis design was used to analyze the four main experimental groups. As hypothesized, KCR increased learning, retention, and transfer only when the rule was given. It was concluded that KCR can be beneficial when it is not redundant. Subjects who received rules or KCR rated the learning test as more enjoyable than subjects who received both rules and KCR or neither rules nor KCR.
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... When transfer to new problems has been the criterion, most of the studies have shown that a variety of problems produces the best performance if a moderate or high degree of learning is achieved on each problem (Callantine 8: Warren,... more
... When transfer to new problems has been the criterion, most of the studies have shown that a variety of problems produces the best performance if a moderate or high degree of learning is achieved on each problem (Callantine 8: Warren, 1955; Crafts, 1927; Dashiell, 1924 ...
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The scene is a sixth-grade classroom. The children are working in small groups. A student teacher has just been asked by his supervising teacher to take charge of the class. It is his first day. His supervising teacher has stepped out of... more
The scene is a sixth-grade classroom. The children are working in small groups. A student teacher has just been asked by his supervising teacher to take charge of the class. It is his first day. His supervising teacher has stepped out of the room. Suddenly, a girl named Linda announces that there is a fight outside the room, and the class bolts for the door. The student teacher is faced immediately with a problem. Instruction has been disrupted, and his reaction may mean the difference between an orderly resumption of activities and chaos. A short while later, during a science discussion, Ron interjects some unlikely information-his grandfather told him that once it rained frogs for nine days. Should the student teacher give Ron a chance to explain, or should he pass the comment off as foolishness? Should student initiative to learn be encouraged by the teacher? If so, how? These and similar situations could have happened in any typical sixth-grade classroom. Actually, they were obs...
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... ABSTRACT: The Teaching Research Auto-mated Classroom (TRAC) is a facility designed to promote the study and implementation of innovative change. ... group room seating thirty; a rear-projection area which is used for displaying... more
... ABSTRACT: The Teaching Research Auto-mated Classroom (TRAC) is a facility designed to promote the study and implementation of innovative change. ... group room seating thirty; a rear-projection area which is used for displaying multiple images to the thirty-seat room, and ...
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Assessment has become a required activity in higher education.The critical incident technique developed by Flanagan is a very useful tool in needs assessment and in the collection of data pertaining to problem areas that require... more
Assessment has become a required activity in higher education.The critical incident technique developed by Flanagan is a very useful tool in needs assessment and in the collection of data pertaining to problem areas that require attention. Information is provided in the manual that will enable an individual to:
• gather the appropriate information required in the preparation and conduct of the technique, and to make the appropriate decisions regarding its use.
• analyze and interpret the data collected.
• gather the appropriate information required in the preparation and conduct of the technique, and to make the appropriate decisions regarding its use.
• analyze and interpret the data collected.
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This paper became a classic in Christian higher education as it addressed the important topic of how we integrate Christian faith with psychology.
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This essay examines two responses that individuals show in response to life's challenges: the optimistic response and the pessimistic response. Two Biblical narratives are examined that illustrate each of these responses: the story of... more
This essay examines two responses that individuals show in response to life's challenges: the optimistic response and the pessimistic response. Two Biblical narratives are examined that illustrate each of these responses: the story of Hagar and Ishmael found in the Old Testament, and the story of Paul and Silas found in the New Testament. Five crucial characteristics of the overcomer are identified that illustrate the difference between the optimist and the pessimist. Suggestions are provided for individuals who are experiencing despondency from rejection that will help them become overcomers.
The Church's message to its young people on their sexual decisions fails to affect a significant proportion of the Church's young people. Its message competes with strong societal influences that affect youth, such as the media, peer... more
The Church's message to its young people on their sexual decisions fails to affect a significant proportion of the Church's young people. Its message competes with strong societal influences that affect youth, such as the media, peer pressure, and the values of the various subcultures affecting youth. The present research examines the sexual attitudes of 376 college students from a Midwestern Christian college from 1986 to 2004. Data from a convenience sample of students were surveyed on the following: sexual behaviors permissible for a female, sexual behaviors permissible for a male, what youth believe parents think about what behaviors are permissible, sex education, perceptions about peers, and perceptions about gender issues. The relation of sexual attitudes to levels of religious involvement, and the relation of sexual attitudes to the parent's marital status, was also examined. The relation of sexual attitudes to real-time moral behavior is discussed in light of the results, and the various factors that work against (as well as for) the individual following their beliefs or opinions are explored. The implications for parents and church leaders, with respect to forming Godly values and world views in their children and adolescents, is explored. Finally, abstinence programs are discussed.