RISHIKA 113

This paper tries to look at the Dalit Movements in India through the Marxist perspective. Our focus mainly is on the Post colonial times. To begin, I would like to peep into the history, foundation of caste system in India and other related questions like how were dalit socially excluded from the larger hindu dichotomy, what changes have from then to now (if any), were there any organized movement from Dalits, what were the nature of it, its socioeconomic cultural factors etc.

Stereotypes and hate crimes are complex issues. Stereotypes are not only harmful in their own right; they do damage by fostering prejudice and discrimination. A well established stereotypes can also lead to the feeling of hate towards a particular groups or community resulting to hate crime many a times. More specifically, "personal discrimination" refer to acts of discrimination committed by individuals whereas "institutional discrimination" refers to discriminatory policies or practices carried out by organizations and other institutions. The paper briefly reviews some literature concerning these cause of discrimination, psychology of hate crimes through the lens of Freudian psychoanalysis, Gauffman's idea of Dramaturgy, psychological result of hate crimes, its impact on victims and vulnerable groups. Most people who perpetuate stereotypes don't resort to hate crimes. But they're contributing to a climate where hate crimes become possible. But do hate crime only the result of stereotypes? Or is this theory also related to the concept of sins? Or killing ones who are being hated by a particular community is a shortcut way to heaven? There are many such questions followed with the act of hate crimes. Will try to resolve this. But before heading towards the understanding of Freudian psychoanalysis, we should first know what is the concept of psychology all about.

Kinship refers to the system by which a given culture defines, determines and recognizes family roles, interactions and relationships. Anthropologist Robin Fox states that "the study of kinship is the study of what man does with the basic facts of life – mating, gestation, parenthood, socialization, siblingship etc." Human society is unique, he argues, in that we are "working with the same raw material as exists in the animal world, but we can conceptualize and categorize it to serve social ends. These social ends include the socialization of children and the formation of basic economic, political and religious groups.
We all know that the relationship between children and parents are very beautiful but what when we often see, if not generalizing, that there is a hesitation and communication gap between them at a particular phase of life. That phase we call as the puberty period. Now let’s talk about puberty. What is the first thing that comes into our minds when we say puberty? Well, sex is the most common thought that pops out from the head of many people. But there is much more than sex to puberty. Puberty is a very unique and important evolving stage of all males and females.
Puberty happens to everybody, but it doesn’t happen to everybody at the same time. Puberty is the time between childhood and adulthood when girls and boys become mature physically and sexually. Puberty is one of the most important life transitions. At no other time are there such significant and rapid transformations in biology, social and psychological development. Puberty is also the start of adolescence, which is a longer period of emotional change. Here in my research paper I am going to deal with psychological, biological and social affect of puberty to a teenager. The various aspects of puberty, body image, aggression, sexual abuse, opposite sex relationships and the psychopathology of puberty and finally, how the family members respond to their child on their various mental and physical transformations. Also, I will try to put some light on the Puberty Rituals performed in our country.