A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite ... more Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite composition. In Kenya, these include management of cancer and microbial related ailments. However, there are limited reports showing how the bioactivity of Kenyan Zanthoxylum species is linked to their phytochemical profiles. This study therefore aimed at examining the chemical variation among five Zanthoxylum species found in Kenya (Z. chalybeum, Z. gilletii, Z. holtzianum, Z. paracanthum and Z. usambarense) using metabolomics approaches and the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of these species. In a Folin–Ciocalteu test, the phenolic content of the stem bark extracts of these species were 73.083–145.272 mg TAE/g, while the alkaloids (in bromothymol blue chromogenic test) and flavonoids (in aluminium chloride test) were found to be 152.39–207.19 mg ME/g, and 109.416–186.413 mg CE/g, respectively. These extracts also exerted strong antioxidant activities in the 2,2-iphenyl-1-pic...
Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemot... more Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemotherapy in the Pharmaceutical industry. We studied the Brine shrimps lethality, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of Gliricidia sepium leaf extract against some selected cancer cell lines. Methodology: Plant leaves extraction was done with 70% ethanol and petroleum ether. Twenty four hours old shrimp’s larvae exposure to different concentrations (1 mg/ mL, 100 µg/ mL, 10 µg/ mL and 1 µg/ mL) of the extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in Brine shrimps lethality assay (BSLA). Three cancer cell lines: Breast (HCC1395); Prostate (DU145); Colorectal (CT26) and one normal cell line (Vero E6) were used for the in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. IC50, CC50 and Selectivity Index (SI) were determined respectively, using standard methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on HCC1395 and DU145 cell lines. Primers fo...
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity agai...
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer, however these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action ofAlbizia gummifera,Rhamnus staddoandSenna didymobotryaplant extracts. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. The common 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction ofVEGF(angiogenesis) and p53 (apoptosis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, tan...
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite ... more Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite composition. In Kenya, these include management of cancer and microbial related ailments. However, there are limited reports showing how the bioactivity of Kenyan Zanthoxylum species is linked to their phytochemical profiles. This study therefore aimed at examining the chemical variation among five Zanthoxylum species found in Kenya (Z. chalybeum, Z. gilletii, Z. holtzianum, Z. paracanthum and Z. usambarense) using metabolomics approaches and the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of these species. In a Folin–Ciocalteu test, the phenolic content of the stem bark extracts of these species were 73.083–145.272 mg TAE/g, while the alkaloids (in bromothymol blue chromogenic test) and flavonoids (in aluminium chloride test) were found to be 152.39–207.19 mg ME/g, and 109.416–186.413 mg CE/g, respectively. These extracts also exerted strong antioxidant activities in the 2,2-iphenyl-1-pic...
Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemot... more Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemotherapy in the Pharmaceutical industry. We studied the Brine shrimps lethality, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of Gliricidia sepium leaf extract against some selected cancer cell lines. Methodology: Plant leaves extraction was done with 70% ethanol and petroleum ether. Twenty four hours old shrimp’s larvae exposure to different concentrations (1 mg/ mL, 100 µg/ mL, 10 µg/ mL and 1 µg/ mL) of the extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in Brine shrimps lethality assay (BSLA). Three cancer cell lines: Breast (HCC1395); Prostate (DU145); Colorectal (CT26) and one normal cell line (Vero E6) were used for the in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. IC50, CC50 and Selectivity Index (SI) were determined respectively, using standard methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on HCC1395 and DU145 cell lines. Primers fo...
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity agai...
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer, however these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action ofAlbizia gummifera,Rhamnus staddoandSenna didymobotryaplant extracts. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. The common 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction ofVEGF(angiogenesis) and p53 (apoptosis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, tan...
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
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