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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that interferes with normal brain development. Brain connectivity may serve as a biomarker for ASD in this respect. This study enrolled a total of 179 children... more
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that interferes with normal brain development. Brain connectivity may serve as a biomarker for ASD in this respect. This study enrolled a total of 179 children aged 3−10 years (90 typically developed (TD) and 89 with ASD). We used a weighted phase lag index and a directed transfer function to investigate the functional and effective connectivity in children with ASD and TD. Our findings indicated that patients with ASD had local hyper-connectivity of brain regions in functional connectivity and simultaneous significant decrease in effective connectivity across hemispheres. These connectivity abnormalities may help to find biomarkers of ASD.
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Research suggest that in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) a disturbance in the coordinated interactions of neurons within local networks gives rise to abnormal patterns of brainwave activity in the gamma bandwidth. Low frequency... more
Research suggest that in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) a disturbance in the coordinated interactions of neurons within local networks gives rise to abnormal patterns of brainwave activity in the gamma bandwidth. Low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been proven to normalize gamma oscillation abnormalities, executive functions, and repetitive behaviors in high functioning ASD individuals. In this study, gamma frequency oscillations in response to a visual classification task (Kanizsa figures) were analyzed and compared in 19 ASD (ADI-R diagnosed, 14.2 ± 3.61 years old, 5 girls) and 19 (14.8 ± 3.67 years old, 5 girls) age/gender matched neurotypical individuals. The ASD group was treated with low frequency TMS (1.0 Hz, 90% motor threshold, 18 weekly sessions) targeting the DLPFC. In autistic subjects, as compared to neurotypicals, significant differences in event-related gamma oscillations were evident in amplitude (higher) pre-TMS. In addition, recordings after TMS treatment in our autistic subjects revealed a significant reduction in the time period to reach peak amplitude and an increase in the decay phase (settling time). The use of a novel metric for gamma oscillations. i.e., envelope analysis, and measurements of its ringing decay allowed us to characterize the impedance of the originating neuronal circuit. The ringing decay or dampening of gamma oscillations is dependent on the inhibitory tone generated by networks of interneurons. The results suggest that the ringing decay of gamma oscillations may provide a biomarker reflective of the excitatory/inhibitory balance of the cortex and a putative outcome measure for interventions in autism.
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The purpose of the current study was comparative analysis of autonomic and electrocortical responses to passive and active touch of the tektites with different subjective emotional preference. Perspective goal of the project is... more
The purpose of the current study was comparative analysis of autonomic and electrocortical responses to passive and active touch of the tektites with different subjective emotional preference. Perspective goal of the project is development of a template for classification of tactile stimuli according to subjective comfort and associated physiological manifestations. The study was carried out on 36 female college students. Physiological signals were acquired by Grass and B1OPAC 100 systems with AcqKnowledge III software. Frontal, parietal and occipital EEG (relative power spectrum /percents/ of EEG bands - delta, theta, slow and fast alpha, low and fast beta), and autonomic variables, namely heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), pulse transit time (PTT), respiration rate (RSP) and skin conductance parameters (SCL, amplitude, rise time and number of SCRs) were analyzed for rest baseline and stimulation conditions. Analysis of the overall pattern of reaction indicated th...
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Cardiovascular, respiratory and electrodermal responses to acute stress episodes modeled by combined presentation of intense white noise and performance of word recognition task with noise background were studied in 15 college students.... more
Cardiovascular, respiratory and electrodermal responses to acute stress episodes modeled by combined presentation of intense white noise and performance of word recognition task with noise background were studied in 15 college students. Experimental procedure consisted in sessions with white noise, word recognition task presentation with noise background and test with noise background. Recorded physiological variables were analyzed in terms of their sensitivity to detect activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of autonomic nervous system and thus reflect autonomic arousal level during shout-term stress-inducing experimental manipulations. It was shown that performance of effortful mental task with noise background elicited significant physiological responses typical for active coping behavior, namely electrodermal arousal and increased cardiovascular activity. this response profile was more profound as compared to white noise only or attending task in noise background...
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One of the most important factors in human-computer interaction is the user emotional reaction. Interactive environments including serious games that are responsive to user emotions improve their effectiveness and user acceptances.... more
One of the most important factors in human-computer interaction is the user emotional reaction. Interactive environments including serious games that are responsive to user emotions improve their effectiveness and user acceptances. Testing and training for user emotional competence is meaningful in health care, which has motivated us to analyze immersive affective games using feedback. In this article, a systematic model of designing interactive environment is presented, which consists three modules as affect modeling, affect recognition, and affect control. For affect control module, a graph-based structure is described to control the game scenarios dynamically by analyzing user emotional states. The affect recognition module makes use of physiological signal analysis such as autonomic nervous system variables to evaluate user emotional reaction to different stimuli, then send it as biofeedback to affect control module. The analysis should be used as a guiding principle for designing affective serious games. Oculus Rift DK2 is used in experiments to provide immersive virtual reality with affective scenarios. The experiments demonstrate the ability to induce measurable and distinguishable emotions from physiological signals. The measurement of effectiveness is discussed. Possible applications include emotion competence training for children with autism spectrum disorder.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined complex neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairments in social communication, by the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests and activities, and by... more
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined complex neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairments in social communication, by the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests and activities, and by abnormalities in sensory reactivity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising, emerging tool for the study and potential treatment of ASD. Recent studies suggest that TMS measures provide rapid and noninvasive pathophysiological ASD biomarkers. Furthermore, repetitive TMS (rTMS) may represent a novel treatment strategy for reducing some of the core and associated ASD symptoms. However, the available literature on the TMS use in ASD is preliminary, composed of studies with methodological limitations. Thus, off‐label clinical rTMS use for therapeutic interventions in ASD without an investigational device exemption and outside of an IRB approved research trial is premature pending further, adequately powered and controlled trials. Leaders i...
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Serious games have been recognized in many application areas such as heath, education and training. Designing interactive games responsive to user emotions improves their effectiveness and user acceptances. A major factor in user... more
Serious games have been recognized in many application areas such as heath, education and training. Designing interactive games responsive to user emotions improves their effectiveness and user acceptances. A major factor in user interaction is the emotional reaction to game scenarios, which has motivated us to analyze immersive games using biofeedback. In this article, a graph-based model is presented to design interactive games in a systematic way. This model is combined with biofeedback such as autonomic nervous system variables to evaluate user emotional reaction to different stimuli. The analysis should be used as a guiding principle for designing serious games. Oculus Rift DK2 is used in experiments to provide immersive virtual reality with affective scenarios. The experiments demonstrate the ability to induce measurable and differentiate emotions.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of a set of pervasive developmental problems marked by measurable deficits in social interaction and communication, often coupled with specific and repetitive patterns of behavior. Featured... more
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of a set of pervasive developmental problems marked by measurable deficits in social interaction and communication, often coupled with specific and repetitive patterns of behavior. Featured restrictions in the capability to communicate and remain attentive can directly relate to the individual’s ability to interact with others within societal norms. Comparing ASD subjects to neurotypical (NT) controls, and other developmental disorders such attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), previous investigations had shown that evoked electroencephalographic (EEG) gamma oscillations and event-related potentials (ERPs) to sensory stimuli do display certain aberrations in latency or amplitude in the ASD individuals. To investigate the aforementioned phenomena the series of studies by our group employed EEG recording technology while subjects participated in several oddball-paradigm reaction time tests. The paper reports on the differences in behavioral reactions as well as variances in amplitude and latency of ERP in autistic individuals and age-matched matched NT controls and children with ADHD. Subjects were evaluated using various ERP components as well as power of EEG gamma oscillations recorded at fronto-central and parietal sites. Findings of our studies suggest that the irregularities arise from deficits in the perception, integration and cognitive processing of sensory inputs. Previous research investigating the neuropathology of autism has identified abnormalities in the structure, number and activity of the cortical minicolumns. The minicolumns of ASD individuals appear in greater number coupled with increased neuronal density due to a reduction in the volume of peripheral neuropil space and neuronal cell bodies. Such a cortical and cellular arrangement favors the formation of short intralobular connections between neurons at the expense of longer interlobular fibers. Our studies propose that aberrations in sensory processing and functional cortical binding, as evidenced by EEG recordings related to the tasks, further reflect the underlying abnormalities of minicolumns in ASD individuals. Thus, the results of our studies suggest that dysfunction of sensory information processing by way of minicolumn irregularity may in turn lead to symptoms commonly associated with ASD.
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Autism is recognized as a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) usually evident during the first 3 years of life (Ruble and Brown 2003; Volkmar and Pauls 2003). Several neuropsychological models have been proposed to explain the... more
Autism is recognized as a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) usually evident during the first 3 years of life (Ruble and Brown 2003; Volkmar and Pauls 2003). Several neuropsychological models have been proposed to explain the cognitive deficits found in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Baron-Cohen 2004), one of which is based on salient deficits in executive function (Burack 1994; Hughes et al. 1994; Ozonoff 1997; Hill 2004). Executive functioning skills fall under the purview of those prefrontal functions that facilitate problem-solving, flexible set-shifting, and forward planning in the implementation of goal-directed behavior (Hughes et al. 1994). The executive deficits in this autism model have been related to specific frontal mechanisms, principally to the prefrontal and midfrontal cortices and associated neural circuitries (Bishop 1993; Hill 2004). The domain of executive functions has significant implications for developmental psychopathologies, but there are still doubts (Griffith et al. 1999) regarding the causal explanation of signs and symptoms in autism as stemming exclusively from frontal executive functioning abnormalities.
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... 발행기관, 한국심리학회. - 발행정보, 연차학술발표대회 논문집 , 1999 권 , 단일호 , Startpage 181 , Endpage 183 , Totalpage 3. - 저자, ( Jin Hun Sohn ) , ( Estate M. Sokhadze ) , ( Kyung Hwa Lee ) , ( Sang Sup Choi ) , ( Im Gap Yi ). - 가격, 1,000 원. - 발행년도, 1999. ...
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly utilized in clinical neurology and neuroscience. However, detailed knowledge of the impact and specificity of the effects of TMS on brain activity remains unresolved. We have used... more
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly utilized in clinical neurology and neuroscience. However, detailed knowledge of the impact and specificity of the effects of TMS on brain activity remains unresolved. We have used 14C-labeled deoxyglucose (14C-2DG) mapping during repetitive TMS (rTMS) of the posterior and inferior parietal cortex in anesthetized cats to study, with exquisite spatial resolution, the local and distant effects of rTMS on brain activity. High-frequency rTMS decreases metabolic activity at the primary site of stimulation with respect to homologue areas in the unstimulated hemisphere. In addition, rTMS induces specific distant effects on cortical and subcortical regions known to receive substantial efferent projections from the stimulated cortex. The magnitude of this distal impact is correlated with the strength of the anatomical projections. Thus, in the anesthetized animal, the impact of rTMS is upon a distributed network of structures connected to the primary site of application.
Research Interests: Neuroscience, Medicine, Energy Metabolism, Cats, High Frequency, and 15 moreBrain Mapping, Female, Animals, Parietal Cortex, Posterior Parietal Cortex, Anesthesia, CAT, Motor Cortex, Electromyography, Motor Evoked Potentials, Parietal Lobe, Medical and Health Sciences, Efferent, Distributed Networks, and Electric stimulation
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Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Autism, Behavior, Electroencephalography, Adolescent, and 15 moreLow Frequency, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Child, Cerebral Cortex, Applied, Female, Male, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Hyperkinesis, Interneurons, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Cortical Excitability, and Autistic disorder
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The Central Nervous System can be understood as an organization whose levels have been established throughout evolution. In this organization, the cerebral hemispheres occupy the highest level of a hierarchical open system wherein the... more
The Central Nervous System can be understood as an organization whose levels have been established throughout evolution. In this organization, the cerebral hemispheres occupy the highest level of a hierarchical open system wherein the function of the brain is to match relationships among objects in the surrounding environment. The outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres is comprised of vertical arrays of cell bodies (minicolumns) whose close apposition provide for the cerebral cortex. Thalamic afferents terminate in the middle layers of the minicolumns and are integrated into microcircuits by vertical connections to more superficial and deeper layers. These repeating microcircuits comply with a definition for modules as weak linkages connecting elements within the module are more abundant than those between the modules. Electrophysiological studies with conformal multielectrode recording arrays have defined the transmission codes by which minicolumns give rise to executive functio...
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Research Interests: Buprenorphine and Opiate
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Additional file 2. Ethical Approval Document 2 of 2. Data Monitoring Review Approval Letter.
Additional file 4. Original Funding/Monitoring Documentation. DMC Charter.
Additional file 3. Original Funding Documentation. Merit Review Award Letter.
Additional file 1. Ethical Approval Document 1 of 2. IRB Approval Letter.
Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of developing self-regulation skills in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairments within the education system. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of... more
Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of developing self-regulation skills in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairments within the education system. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the program of psychological support aimed at developing self-regulation as a way of enhancing adaptive strategies of behavior and components of self-regulation. Materials and Methods. The study employs a formative psychological and educational experiment (the action research). The collected empirical data were analyzed and summarized. The sample consisted of 456 students, aged between 8 to 11 years, who were divided into three groups: NID (normal intellectual development), ID (intellectual disability), and MID (mild intellectual disability). The data obtained were interpreted and subjected to statistical analysis using various methods of mathematical and statistical processing: the reliability of differences according to statistical criteria...
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ABSTRACTBackgroundA growing body of literature suggests etiological overlap between Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)/hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and some cases of autism, although this relationship is poorly delineated. In... more
ABSTRACTBackgroundA growing body of literature suggests etiological overlap between Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)/hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and some cases of autism, although this relationship is poorly delineated. In addition, immune, autonomic, and endocrine dysregulation are reported in both conditions and may be relevant to their respective etiologies.AimsTo study symptom overlap in these two comorbid spectrum conditions.Methods and ProceduresWe surveyed 702 adults aged 25+ years on a variety of EDS/HSD-related health topics, comparing individuals with EDS/HSD, autism, and unaffected controls.Outcomes and ResultsThe autism group reported similar though less severe symptomology as the EDS/HSD group, especially in areas of immune/autonomic/endocrine dysregulation, connective tissue abnormalities (i.e., skin, bruising/bleeding), and chronic pain. EDS/HSD mothers with autistic children reported more immune symptoms than EDS/HSD mothers without, suggesting the maternal im...
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Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health problem, affecting approximately 7% of the general population and 13–18% of the combat Veteran population. The first study using acupuncture for PTSD in a... more
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health problem, affecting approximately 7% of the general population and 13–18% of the combat Veteran population. The first study using acupuncture for PTSD in a civilian population showed large pre- to post-treatment effects for an empirically developed verum protocol, which was equivalent to group cognitive behavior therapy and superior to a wait-list control. The primary objective of this study is to determine both clinical and biological effects of verum acupuncture for combat-related PTSD in treatment-seeking US Veterans. Methods This is a two-arm, parallel-group, prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. The experimental condition is verum acupuncture and the placebo control is sham (minimal) acupuncture in 1-h sessions, twice a week for 12 weeks. Ninety subjects will provide adequate power and will be allocated to group by an adaptive randomization procedure. The primary outcome is change...
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In this paper we discuss the strategies of self-regulation that are used under stressful condition. The strategies were assessed by means of heart rate biofeedback with game plot that models a stressful situation as a sport competition.... more
In this paper we discuss the strategies of self-regulation that are used under stressful condition. The strategies were assessed by means of heart rate biofeedback with game plot that models a stressful situation as a sport competition. Special attention was paid to the analysis of personality traits, behavioral patterns, and other psychological correlates of effective learning of self-regulation skills during biofeedback training. It was shown that the training based on biofeedback computer game allows modifying self-regulation strategies of the subjects towards more effective ones. The steadiness of the stress-resilience skills was statistically confirmed. The psychological tolerance of ambiguity was found to be a basic feature of personality that determines the efficiency of self-regulation strategies under stress.