Mood

The current research aims to investigate mood and modality in Sorani Kurdish within the Systemic Functional approach (Halliday and Matthiessen 2014). Specifically, the present study is an attempt to explore the nature of mood markers and the formalization of modality in Sorani Kurdish. The primary data has been collected using the Plank Questionnaire, administered to 442 participants. To explore mood-marking, the mood constituent in Kurdish clauses will be delineated, with the subject, finite, and mood adjuncts identified as the three main components of the mood constituent. Then, system of modality in Kurdish, modalization, and modulation will be discussed. Data analysis suggests that finite in Kurdish does not stand on its own and needs to be conflated with the predicate. The main grammatical categories used in Kurdish to represent modalization and modulation are modal verbs and pseudo-grammaticalized modal clauses. Statistical data also shows that mood adjuncts are only sporadically used in Kurdish to describe modality. Moreover, the morphological subjunctive mood will be analyzed as operative over verbal categories and hence not part of the mood constituent.

This study investigated whether personal relevance influences the affective appraisal of a desktop virtual environment (VE) in simulated darkness. In the real world, darkness often evokes thoughts of vulnerability, threat, and danger, and may automatically precipitate emotional responses consonant with those thoughts (fear of darkness). This influences the affective appraisal of a given environment after dark and the way humans behave in that environment in conditions of low lighting. Desktop VEs are increasingly deployed to study the effects of environmental qualities and (architectural or lighting) interventions on human behaviour and feelings of safety. Their (ecological) validity for these purposes depends critically on their ability to correctly address the user's cognitive and affective experience. Previous studies with desktop (i.e., non-immersive) VEs found that simulated darkness only slightly affects the user's behavioral and emotional responses to the represented environment, in contrast to the responses observed for immersive VEs. We hypothesize that the desktop VE scenarios used in previous studies less effectively induced emotional and behavioral responses because they lacked personal relevance. In addition, factors like signs of social presence and relatively high levels of ambient lighting may also have limited these responses. In this study, young female volunteers explored either a daytime or a night-time (low ambient light level) version of a desktop VE representing a deserted (no social presence) prototypical Dutch polder landscape. To enhance the personal relevance of the simulation, a fraction of the participants were led to believe that the virtual exploration tour would prepare them for a follow-up tour through the real world counterpart of the VE. The affective appraisal of the VE and the emotional response of the participants were measured through self-report. The results show that the VE was appraised as slightly less pleasant and more arousing in simulated darkness (compared to a daylight) condition, as expected. However, the fictitious follow-up assignment had no emotional effects and did not influence the affective appraisal of the VE. Further research is required to establish the qualities that may enhance the validity of desktop VEs for both etiological (e.g., the effects of signs of darkness on navigation behaviour and fear of crime) and intervention (e.g., effects of street lighting on feelings of safety) research. How to cite this article Toet et al. (2016), Effects of personal relevance and simulated darkness on the affective appraisal of a virtual environment. PeerJ 4:e1743

The research entitled Effect of Music on Mood. This research was initiated by collecting primary data through
questionnaire filled in by volunteers. This primary data was further processed, analyzed and evaluated to obtain
certain interesting outcomes. For instance, the purpose of this research is to examine the listener’s response to
music. This research also indicated that people get inspired by listening to music. Music is a source that can get
them into the other mood. People think that music has strong impact on their mood and behavior. This research
found that people are pretty much interested in listening to music and they believe music influence them in
positive and negative both ways. In the light of this research it can be safely concluded that specific music has
specific impact on mood and people take interest and feel good after listening to music.

Task engagement is a new construct for research on stress and fatigue. It is a subjective state that integrates energy, motivation and concentration. This chapter outlines psychometric and experimental research on task engagement. It is a reliable predictor of attentional task performance. Task engagement effects may be mediated by executive control processes.

This research focuses on the link between good/bad mood and enhanced/impaired creativity. It
compares creativity levels of people with bad mood and of people in good mood to compare the effects of the two groups of moods. The researcher induces different mood in each group of the participants and asks them to fill out the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (K-DOCS) before and after the mood induction. The means of creativity scores of every group from before the mood induction will be compared to the means of scores after the mood induction. The aim of this research is to support the hypothesis that bad mood will significantly hamper participants’ creativity level. The author concluded that mood does influence creativity. Subjects were shown positive video demonstrated increased creativity scores and subjects shown negative video had decreased creativity scores.
Keywords: mood, creativity, K-DOCS, mood induction

Despite the paradox inherent in the idea that sad music could make people happier, research indicates that an improved mood is amongst the primary motivations that people give for listening to sad music. However, it is not clear whether listeners are always able to achieve such aims. This article reports a study in which 335 participants listened to a piece of self-selected sad music. Before and after-measures of mood were taken, and participants also completed psychometric scales of rumination, absorption and reflectiveness. It was found that both ruminators and non-ruminators had significant increases in depression after listening to self-selected sad music. Furthermore, ruminators did not systematically report that they expected to benefit from listening to sad music, contrary to the literature. Results support the hypothesis that listening to sad music is related to maladaptive mood regulation strategies in some listeners.

The notion of image schema has been enjoying popularity among cognitive literary scholars, sensitizing them to the ways through which language gives rise to gestalt imagery. Yet, critics of a more traditional bent have rightly pointed out that image schemas tend to pop up as an ad hoc construct in the study of narrative and remain too arbitrary. Methodology is at best mentioned in passing and scholars interested in a text-linguistic
“how to” easily come away with the impression that it is all a matter of interpretive ingenuity, even alchemy. In addition, the predominance of case studies does not give enough visibility to the broad range of possible applications. In order to consolidate image schemas as a state-of-the-art tool, this paper takes up the twin task of distinguishing their loci in narratological
theory and of clarifying under which conditions their application is appropriate. The main sections survey approaches based on image schema cohesion (in passages), coherence (across a text), and higher-level affinities (between coherent patterns). The relevant topics range from metaphorical themes/motifs, via rich characterization, space and action representations, characterization and actancy, literary embodiment, to megametaphor and plot models. Several of these are new theoretical applications that have emerged from a full-scale analysis of metaphor and imagery in seven short novels within a recent comparative project. My essay begins with a brief definition of image schemas and a critical look at how literary
analysis applies them, a point resumed in the concluding discussion of methodology.

This paper aims to study the imperative constructions in Ibanag, an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Isabela and Cagayan of the Northern Philippines. The study will focus on two levels: 1) syntactic, and 2) morphological. Syntactic discussion would include the description, notable characteristics and examples of the various types of imperative constructions based on Martin's (1990) classification of the imperative mood in Tagalog. It will then be followed by the morphological discussion which would detail the imperative formation process in Ibanag with regards to the grammatical person. Using a typological approach, patterns, tendencies and restrictions in imperative constructions in Ibanag will be established.

Organic foods have been argued to be highly beneficial for human health and environmental sustainability. Interest in organic food consumption has been steadily growing. In practice, music and sounds of nature have widely been utilized in the food retailing industry to evoke customers and influence their sustainable product purchases. The present research explored the effects of subjective and objective knowledge, mood states, connectedness to nature (CtN), and visual attention to the organic logo on organic purchase by a controlled eye-tracking study. Sixty women, all with children participated in the study. Findings revealed that objective knowledge, subjective knowledge, and visual attention on organic labels posed significant effects on organic purchases. However, no such effects of mood states and connectedness to nature have been observed. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

My case study of Heart of Darkness analyzes the role of image schemas in shaping narrative macrostructures and in organizing literary metaphor systems. Assuming that we can reconstruct global story meaning from local image-schematic metaphors,
I propose a model in which compound gestalts represent major aspects of the plot-defining macrostructure. It emerges as salient textual cues progressively add up to a scaffold of image-schematic elements that represent the event’s overall texture, its
“plot-gene”. The rich metaphor system of Heart of Darkness throws into relief the amazing range of literary functions rooted in this image-schematic plot-gene, including plot mnemonics, inference, metaphor networks, and clustering of propositional
knowledge, megametaphor, focalizing and viewpoint effects, irony, as well as mood contours. Progressing toward a cognitive model of narrative, I will argue that reading involves a mental simulation of how image schemas interact topologically to produce emergent effects. I dub the imagistic substrate of this simulation the “mental (story) sketchpad,” following Baddeley (1986).

This paper contrasts Sartre's account of emotion with Heidegger's account of Befindlichkeit and 'mood' (Stimmung). Sartre's account of emotion is a strong one: emotions occur only when a more neutral and colourless 'pragmatic attitude' is frustrated or breaks down. In this manner, emotion has to be acutely felt in and through the body, which also means that there are many circumstances and states in which we do not undergo any emotion at all. In fact, Sartre's 'pragmatic attitude' is precisely the mode in which we simply go about our business in an emotionless manner. This raises the question as to whether Sartre's stark opposition between emotional and non-emotional experiences actually holds. I believe Heidegger's account of Befindlichkeit and its moods are key in this regard, in that it can be used to nuance the Sartrean account. Indeed, Heidegger famously states that Dasein is never unattuned. In fact, precisely because of the ontological structure of Befindlichkeit, the world always already matters to us in one way or another, with moods being one of our primary ways of experiencing what matters and why. This discussion therefore aims to yield an account whereby faint moods (Heidegger) and strong emotions (Sartre) form two poles of the same dynamic. To use a metaphor, moods are the tectonic plates that make the various emotional shakes and quakes possible in any given situation. Finally, I finish with some possible remaining tensions between the two thinkers, as well as a way to look for a possible solution.

E. Laurent & P. Vandel (Eds.)

Que ce soit dans la vie professionnelle ou dans la vie privée, les concepts employés pour décrire les états affectifs sont multiples : humeur, émotion, burnout, dépression, bipolarité.

Les auteurs du présent ouvrage distinguent ces concepts et abordent les aspects théoriques et pratiques de l’humeur normale et de l’humeur pathologique. Ils présentent à la fois les déterminants de l’humeur (exercice physique, personnalité, sommeil, trauma…) et ses conséquences (addictions, motivation et effort, mouvements oculaires, perception du temps, sélection de l’information, risque suicidaire…). Ils font également le point sur les nombreuses méthodes qui permettent d’évaluer l’humeur et de prendre en charge ses pathologies : analyses des concentrations hormonales et de l’activité cardiaque, imagerie et stimulations cérébrales, pharmacologie, psychothérapie, tests neuropsychologiques ou olfactifs, vidéo-oculographie…

Le caractère interdisciplinaire de l’ouvrage est associé à une multiplicité de niveaux d’analyse (cérébral, comportemental, expérientiel, moléculaire) qui constituent autant de perspectives de compréhension et de transformation de ce processus complexe.

www.deboecksuperieur.com
ISBN 978-2-35327-354-6

Éric Laurent est Maître de Conférences en psychologie cognitive à l’université de Franche-Comté, Directeur-adjoint du Laboratoire de psychologie (EA 3188) de l’université Bourgogne Franche-Comté et Responsable de l’Action de recherche « Oculomotricité, Cognition et processus
Thymiques (OCT) » à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme et de l’Environnement « Claude-Nicolas Ledoux », CNRS & Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté.

Pierre Vandel est Professeur de psychiatrie à l’université de Franche-Comté, Chef de service de psychiatrie de l’adulte et Coordinateur du Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Franche-Comté au Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Besançon. Il est chercheur au Laboratoire de Neurosciences (EA 481) de l’université Bourgogne Franche-Comté.

Conservatives have always been critical of the changes wrought by modern society, yet they have never known quite what to do about them. Heidegger's discussion of willpower provides an example. Early but also late in his career he advocated a live-and-let-live attitude which reduced the will to an aspect of care, and the self to a socialized being-with-others. For a few years in the 1930s, however, he saw the collective will of the people, as expressed by its Führer, as a way in which the ills of modern society could be overcome. The rhetoric of willpower, we conclude, is not a perennial feature of international politics and peace depends not on philosophy but on moods and the postures that states adopt.

From the standpoint of the social and behavioral sciences, hypertension has attracted a great deal of attention. It forms the backbone of the growing fields of health psychology and behavioral medicine. The evidence is supportive of the role and significance of psychosocial factors in the etiology, course, and treatment of hypertension. This knowledge has the potential for deepening our understanding of the mechanisms involved in hypertension, improving the effectiveness of both drug and non-drug treatment, and facilitating efforts for prevention. There is great need for further systematic research and especially for theoretical and empirical integration of psychosocial and biological knowledge of the disorder.

This article provides some groundwork for applying the cognitive linguistic theory of force dynamics ( Talmy 1988, 2000) to narrative discourse. It proposes that Talmy’s analytic apparatus is suitable for revealing character-related dynamics in literature, especially by exploiting the previously unnoticed convergence with the notion of actancy proposed by the narratologist
Greimas (1966). Force imagery both in ordinary action descriptions and in metaphor opens a vista on how readers infer, stabilize, and elaborate narrative macro-representations of “who wants what” and “who does what to whom?” Hence, texts subtly encode aspects of higher-level story logic through forces,
enabling readers (and scholars) to detect and scale up coherence patterns that shed light on character motives, protagonist interaction, and plot dynamics. A full-scale text linguistic analysis is proposed. My case study of about 500 text
units found in Joseph Sheridan LeFanu’s novella Carmilla (1872) reveals a dynamic web of driving, penetrating, manipulating, a ttracting, and erupting forces between the two main protagonists, a beautiful girl vampire and her 19 year-old victim.

An article to be published at: The Journal of Aesthetics and Science of Art, June 2017:

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This article explores issues of mood and atmosphere in contemporary
art and architecture through the following two cases: 1) “The 21 –century
Museum of Contemporary Art” (2004) designed by a Japanese architectural firm known as SANAA; and 2) an installation project called “Pour Your Body Out” (2009) made by Swiss artist Pipilotti Rist. Both are cases in which the mood, or an atmospheric dimension of everyday space in the contemporary world is activated. However, it is noticeable that each case brings forth mood and atmosphere in different ways. SANAA considers atmosphere (instead of using the term ‘mood’) to be something that can loosely controlled and programmed, also a means to overcome the self-disciplined nature of modern architecture that does not fully respond to the fabrics of everyday life. Meanwhile, Rist’s installation shows how mood arises in improvisational and aleatory ways. In other words, while atmosphere in the 21st–century Museum tends to be reduced as a design element, in Rist’s work it becomes an affective driver that sets out a field in which various participants are passing through each other and entangled together without forming coherent senses of community.

In the literature, Schadenfreude is not a pervasive subject to be studied. However in the previous studies effects of hostility, vengefulness, jealousy and group identity were demonstrated on Schadenfreude. In present study the effect of mood on Schadenfreude was examined. Moreover, empathy (affective and cognitive) and personality were assessed as moderators between the relationship of mood and Schadenfreude. Fifty participants took part in the experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to two conditions which were aimed at manipulating mood (happy and sad) after they answered The Basic Empathy Scale and Big 5 Personality Scale respectively. Then they read the story about a lottery winner who faced to a misfortune at the end which was expected to cause Schadenfreude. Manipulation check question was presented. Lastly, a question to measure level of Schadenfreude was filled out. The results indicated no significant effect of mood on Schadenfreude. Therefore, no other significant result was revealed among other variables.

This paper argues that the continued emphasis on ethno-philosophy and the relative absence of intellectual passion and curiosity are the greatest challenges facing African philosophy. The paper rejects the racist lamentation of scholars such as Olufemi Taiwo who blame the West for Africa’s absence from the stage of world philosophy. It highlights the link between L.S. Senghor’s doctrine of negritude, the philosophy of Innocent Asouzu, and the emerging synthesis of consolationism to underline the fact that African philosophy has made some progress, although things could be much better. The paper concludes by urging African philosophers to be more radical and innovative in their thinking, as innovation and originality are the only conditions for the universal acceptance of, and interest in, African philosophy.

This article investigates human's emotional responses on coloursin Eastern Arabian Gulf culturebased on a questionnaire. Totally 10 colour options were evaluated (i.e. violet, orange, green, red, blue, yellow, black, gray, white and no color) by 80 subjects based on 12 basic descriptive variables including clean, fresh, liked, new, heavy, hard, warm, modern, active, tense, relaxing, concentration.White colour was associated with emotion: clean, new, relaxing and concentration. Yellow is associated with freshness; however, red is the most liked color. Black was linked with heavy, hard and tense emotions. Tense mood is associated with red. Insignificant differences between colourswith regard to warm mood were found. The link between colour preferences found for two topics living room and clothing and emotions elicited were discussed.

While it has long been believed in psychology that weather some-how influences human’s mood, the debates have been going on for decades about how they are correlated. In this paper, we try to study this long-lasting topic by harnessing a new source of data com-pared from traditional psychological researches: Twitter. We ana-lyze 2 years ’ twitter data collected by twitter API which amounts to 10 % of all postings and try to reveal the correlations between multiple dimensional structure of human mood with meteorolog-ical effects. Some of our findings confirm existing hypotheses, while others contradict them. We are hopeful that our approach, along with the new data source, can shed on the long-going debates on weather-mood correlation.

Believing that some particular texts worth scientific studies, we put the first letter of Nahj al-Balagheh under investigation according to the concept of mood and modality in the interpersonal metafunction of Halliday's systemic functional grammar. A brief literature of mood and modality is given first. Then, the theoretical framework of the study is set, and finally, the text of the letter is analysed and explained according to the theory. The result indicated that the theory is assignable to Arabic, the language of the letter, but mediation is needed. The mood structure is mostly leaning on the predicator as it plays an important role in showing tense, polarity and modality of the clause. The text of the letter is composed mostly of positive statements so that a knowledgeable source, Imam Ali, gives information to a group of unaware deceived people about the controversial subject of the third Khalifeh's death.

In Middle Persian (Pahlavi), like many Other languages, one aspect of subjunctive verbs in the present tense and the past tense is used, but the evidence in the literature that is available only from some Syghhhay. Middle Persian is bound by the obligation Kmkarbrdtr of past and present verb root is apparently limited to some of the material or Ben hung verbs and auxiliary verb hād made. However, a different form of subjunctive verbs used in the literature that Article past and present verb root verb būdan mere mention of it has not been, in the order books. The construction of the new Persian (or Farsi, Dari) and its origin can also find the continuation of the current structure combines the ancient Iranian languages ​​(ie Avesta and ancient Persian) showed.been, in the order books. The construction of the new Persian (or Farsi, Dari) and its origin can also find the continuation of the current structure combines the ancient Iranian languages ​​(ie Avesta and ancient Persian) showedorder books. The construction of the new Persian (or Farsi, Dari) and its origin can also find the continuation of the current structure combines the ancient Iranian languages ​​(ie Avesta and ancient Persian) showed.been, in the order books. The construction of the new Persian (or Farsi, Dari) and its origin can also find the continuation of the current structure combines the ancient Iranian languages ​​(ie Avesta and ancient Persian) showed.

Anti-agreement is the phenomenon whereby verbal/inflectional morphology is sensitive to wh-extraction and other A’-movement processes, such as focalization and relativization. In particular, the canonical inflectional morphology that is found in a declarative matrix clause cannot occur if one of the aforementioned A’-movement processes has occurred. In this paper, data from the Austronesian languages of Chamorro and Palauan are examined. It is noted that two strategies are evident when non-subjects undergo some kind of A’-movement process: (a) canonical morphological case is not available—only inherent Case is available; or (b) realis mood must be replaced by irrealis mood. It is argued that these two strategies provide ways to “de-topicalize” the subject. It is demonstrated this is necessary to mitigate an intervention effect created by the topical status of the subject, which intervenes between the in-situ position of the wh-element and the ex-situ target on the left edge.

This study critically evaluated the Emotional Intelligence (EI) construct (the ability to perceive,understand, and manage emotions), as measured by the Multi-factor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS in press). We administered the MEIS to Australian undergraduates along with a battery of IQ,personality, and other theoretically relevant criterion measures, including life satisfaction andrelationship quality. We also induced moods in the students and examined whether people high in EIwere better than others at managing their moods and preventing their moods from biasing their social judgments. Analyses revealed that EI was not related to IQ but was related, as expected, to specifc personality measures (e.g., empathy) and to other criterion measures (e.g., life satisfaction) even aftercontrolling for IQ and personality traits. EI was also related to people's ability to manage their moods,but not to their ability to prevent moods from biasing their judgments. IQ was surprisingly related toboth these mood processes. The results suggest that the EI construct is distinctive and useful, but thattraditional IQ may also be important in understanding emotional processes.

This paper deals with the concept of grammatical subjecthood, and focuses on different perspectives from which this grammatical function has been defined and described in a number of linguistic schools. Properties that have been assigned to the Subject function are grouped into four dimensions (i.e. predication, mood, voice/diathesis, and theme), and it is argued that each of these Subject dimensions can be explained on the basis of the notion of instantiation, as understood in cognitive grammar.
The cornerstone of this argument is Davidse’s cognitive-functional definition of the Subject as Instantiator. By realigning Davidse’s interpersonal characterization of the Instantiator with Halliday’s triad of interpersonal, ideational and textual metafunctions of language, I argue that the Subject/Instantiator is the primary syntagm-forming element for realizing processual meanings.