Viktória Komlósi

The effects of Cu(2+)-sulfate and Pb(2+)-acetate on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), silver carp (Hypopthalmichtys molitrix V.) and wels (Silurus glanis L.) were studied. The liver microsomal Cyt P450 content, the EROD, ECOD and APND monooxygenase activities were measured. In vivo treatment with 1 mg L(-1) Cu(2+) significantly elevated the activities of these enzymes and Cyt P450 content in silver carp livers. The high-dose Cu(2+) treatment (10 mg L(-1)) on silver carp caused two-fold higher induction in the P450 dependent monooxygenase isoensymes than in wels. Although the 2 mg kg(-1) treatment with Pb(2+) in carp elevated significantly the P450 content, the EROD isoenzyme activities were significantly decreased after 1 day, showing the destructive effect of metal ion on the enzyme system. In vitro, Cu(2+) and Pb(2+) decreased the Cyt P450 content in the carp liver microsomes and the absorption peak shifted to higher wavelength. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to detect the damaging effects of the heavy metals. According to the inhibitory potency to Cu(2+), the most sensitive isoenzyme was the EROD in wels, the least was the silver carp's isoenzyme. The investigated fish P450 isoenzymes showed, that the Cu(2+) was a stronger inhibitor than Pb(2+).

A palyazatban szereplő kutatok jelentős szakmai tapasztalattal rendelkeznek az infravoros es Raman spektroszkopia teruleten. Ezt a felhalmozott szaktudast igyekeztunk kamatoztatni az orvosi diagnosztikaval kapcsolatos kutatasokban. Infravoros spektroszkopiai meresekkel sikerult elsőkent igazolni, hogy az emberi bőr es haj szinkepe osszefugg az emberi szervezet egeszsegi allapotaval. A haj biologiai reakcioja lassu (egy honap) ezzel szemben a bőr igen gyorsan reagal a szervezetben lejatszodo folyamtokra. Mintegy 2200 paciens alkarjan levő bőr in vivo vizsgalatabol, mintegy 85% biztonsaggal szűrtuk ki a beteg egyeneket. Az emberi haj szinkepeből specialis kemometriai modszerekkel az emlőrakos pacienseket szelektalni lehetett az egeszsegesektől. Meggyőződesunk, hogy a modszerunk a jelenlegi allapotaban is alkalmas tomeges szűrővizsgalatokra, megbizhatosaga, gyorsasaga, egyszerűsege es olcsosaga ezt mindenkeppen indokolja. Sikerult diagnosztizalnunk kivalo biztonsaggal a bőrmeresekből a...

Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.B. 17, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary. e-mail: mink@iserv.iki.kfki.hu 2 Analytical Chemistry Department and Analytical Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Veszprém, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, H-8400, Hungary “Johan Béla” National Centre for Epidemiology, P.O.B. 64, Budapest, H-1966, Hungary 4 Department of Hygiene, Institute of Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Veszprém, H-8361 Keszthely, P.O.B. 71, Hungary

Vizsgalatunk arra iranyult, hogy a novenyvedelemben szeles korben alkalmazott harom peszticid, a BI 58 EC, a Dual Gold 960 EC es a Stomp 330 EC esetleges egyedi embriokarosito hatasat feltarjuk. A toxikologiai vizsgalat soran ket kulonboző – injektalasos vagy bemeriteses – modot alkalmaztunk. A tyuktojasok kezeleset a keltetes megkezdesenek napjan (0. nap) vegeztuk. A feldolgozas ket elterő időszakban tortent a kiserlet soran. Az embriok egy reszeből a keltetes 2. es 3. napjan tartos preparatumot keszitettunk a korai fejlődesi stadium vizsgalatara. A tobbi tojast a keles előtt ket nappal, a keltetes 19. napjan dolgoztuk fel az alabbiak alapjan: 1. szovettani feldolgozas celjara mintat vettunk a majbol es a hosszu nyakizombol; 2. az embriok csontvazrendszereben az esetlegesen előfordulo fejlődesi rendellenessegek kimutatasara festesi eljarast alkalmaztunk; 3. FTIR es FT-Raman spektroszkopiai modszerekkel tortenő feldolgozas celjara szovettani mintat vettunk a majbol es az agyvelőből....

A comprehensive comparison of long‐path extractive and open‐path FTIR techniques on the bases of the available literature and on our own experience at the wastewater treatment plant of a chemical factory has been made. Two equalization basins were investigated and it was supposed that all the surface of the wastewater emits polluting compounds smoothly, since the atmospheric dispersion was found to be ideal at both sites, there were no significant chemical reactions, and the basin dimensions were rather small (7×16 m and 37×79 m, respectively). Since the possibilities were different, rather different optimal spectral parameters (resolution, scan numbers, path length) were chosen for field and laboratory measurements. The S/N ratio of laboratory spectra was about 50–100 times higher than that of field spectra, which resulted in higher precision and lower detection limits of the measurements, and comparing to field measurements an additional compound (chloroform) was detected. On the other hand, the extremely polar ammonia was not detectable by the extractive technique. With the open‐path method, time‐dependent concentration changes of the pollutants were monitored. The presence of the theoretically banned organic phase in wastewater was demonstrated by detection of xylenes, isopropanol, and methanol in the air above the basin. Comparing the results measured by the two different techniques the discrepancies in the concentrations were dependent on the compound under determination. In some cases, the concentrations agreed well; in other cases, not. Consequently, to application of both methods is desirable in some special cases; for example, when the extractive method is used for preliminary investigations.

The effects of Cu(2+)-sulfate and Pb(2+)-acetate on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), silver carp (Hypopthalmichtys molitrix V.) and wels (Silurus glanis L.) were studied. The liver microsomal Cyt P450 content, the EROD, ECOD and APND monooxygenase activities were measured. In vivo treatment with 1 mg L(-1) Cu(2+) significantly elevated the activities of these enzymes and Cyt P450 content in silver carp livers. The high-dose Cu(2+) treatment (10 mg L(-1)) on silver carp caused two-fold higher induction in the P450 dependent monooxygenase isoensymes than in wels. Although the 2 mg kg(-1) treatment with Pb(2+) in carp elevated significantly the P450 content, the EROD isoenzyme activities were significantly decreased after 1 day, showing the destructive effect of metal ion on the enzyme system. In vitro, Cu(2+) and Pb(2+) decreased the Cyt P450 content in the carp liver microsomes and the absorption peak shifted to higher wavelength. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to detect the damaging effects of the heavy metals. According to the inhibitory potency to Cu(2+), the most sensitive isoenzyme was the EROD in wels, the least was the silver carp's isoenzyme. The investigated fish P450 isoenzymes showed, that the Cu(2+) was a stronger inhibitor than Pb(2+).