- l'm a nature and caves lover since I can remember myself.I'm the head of the Israeli cave explorers club which is goa... morel'm a nature and caves lover since I can remember myself.I'm the head of the Israeli cave explorers club which is goals are to explore, discover, gather information and map caves in Israel and around the world.My main interest in caves are around geological and archaeological aspects.edit
The Biar aqueduct is the most sophisticated of the aqueducts supplying water to Jerusalem during classical periods. It includes the Biar spring, an underground Shaft Tunnel ∼3 km long harvesting groundwater (cuniculus), a dam, a surface... more
The Biar aqueduct is the most sophisticated of the aqueducts supplying water to Jerusalem during classical periods. It includes the Biar spring, an underground Shaft Tunnel ∼3 km long harvesting groundwater (cuniculus), a dam, a surface channel, and a tunnel traversing a ridge. We conducted a survey of the Biar underground Shaft Tunnel, mapping all of its accessible parts (∼1200 m), facilitating a new understanding of the cutting‐edge hydrogeologic and engineering skills used for this project. The last 536 m of the Biar Shaft Tunnel was constructed with a unique ashlar channel, divided into segments, designed to withstand different loads: (a) in a mechanically weak bedrock, a channel with arched gables and barrel vault specus was built within a hewn winding tunnel, (b) when dug as an open shallow trench, a channel roofed with complex gables of ashlars with drafted margins was built, and (c) to release hydraulic pressure, a channel roofed with alternations of barrel vaults and simple gables set perpendicular to the course of the tunnel was constructed. 14Cdatingofplaster samples suggests that the Biar aqueduct was built in the mid‐first century CE and renovated in the days of Aelia Capitolina in the second century CE.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The Biar aqueduct is the most sophisticated of the aqueducts supplying water to Jerusalem during classical periods. It includes the Biar spring, an underground Shaft Tunnel ∼3 km long harvesting groundwater (cuniculus), a dam, a surface... more
The Biar aqueduct is the most sophisticated of the aqueducts supplying water to Jerusalem during classical periods. It includes the Biar spring, an underground Shaft Tunnel ∼3 km long harvesting groundwater (cuniculus), a dam, a surface channel, and a tunnel traversing a ridge. We conducted a survey of the Biar underground Shaft
Research Interests:
The Ancient Water System of Ein al-Balad, Abu Ghosh In this article the ancient water system of Ein al-Balad in Abu Ghosh is described for the first time; a unique and complex underground system, including a well, a long and impressive... more
The Ancient Water System of Ein al-Balad, Abu Ghosh
In this article the ancient water system of Ein al-Balad in Abu Ghosh is described for the first time; a unique and complex underground system, including a well, a long and impressive water channel and a number of built, hewn stone, shafts.
This underground water system is more than 100 meters long and is among the longest underground systems found so far in the Jerusalem vicinity. The southern section of this system, 53 m long, was discovered by the authors, whilst the northern section, 40 m long was described by De-Vaux in 1950.
In light of the new evidence from this water system, together with historical and archaeological evidences, it has been proven that this is the water source that currently discharges near the Nabi Uzer Mosque. This mosque is located near a caravanserai (Khan) from the Early Islamic period, which was also in use during the Mamluk period. The section of the water system that is documented here for the first time, may refer to these periods.
The water system of Ein al-Balad is similar in some characteristics to a water system known as Kanat: i.e channeling of water from a deep well, using a long channel integrated with shafts, to the surface. In this sense, Ein al-Balad water system differs from the many spring tunnels found in the Jerusalem hills.
In addition, it demonstrates the creativity of mountain settlers in the past as they come to find technological and engineering solutions for water scarcity.
In this article the ancient water system of Ein al-Balad in Abu Ghosh is described for the first time; a unique and complex underground system, including a well, a long and impressive water channel and a number of built, hewn stone, shafts.
This underground water system is more than 100 meters long and is among the longest underground systems found so far in the Jerusalem vicinity. The southern section of this system, 53 m long, was discovered by the authors, whilst the northern section, 40 m long was described by De-Vaux in 1950.
In light of the new evidence from this water system, together with historical and archaeological evidences, it has been proven that this is the water source that currently discharges near the Nabi Uzer Mosque. This mosque is located near a caravanserai (Khan) from the Early Islamic period, which was also in use during the Mamluk period. The section of the water system that is documented here for the first time, may refer to these periods.
The water system of Ein al-Balad is similar in some characteristics to a water system known as Kanat: i.e channeling of water from a deep well, using a long channel integrated with shafts, to the surface. In this sense, Ein al-Balad water system differs from the many spring tunnels found in the Jerusalem hills.
In addition, it demonstrates the creativity of mountain settlers in the past as they come to find technological and engineering solutions for water scarcity.
The current post-exposure prophylaxis regimen for Tick Borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) consists of 5 days Doxycycline. In this observational study of 77 spelunkers at high-risk for TBRF, a single dose of 100 mg Doxycycline taken up to 72... more
The current post-exposure prophylaxis regimen for Tick Borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) consists of 5 days Doxycycline. In this observational study of 77 spelunkers at high-risk for TBRF, a single dose of 100 mg Doxycycline taken up to 72 hours after exposure to ticks was 100% effective in preventing the disease.