Objective: To describe the relationship between oxidative stress present in bronchial asthma and the role of acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on airway inflammation and antioxidant defense system balance based on the current... more
Objective: To describe the relationship between oxidative stress present in bronchial asthma and the role of acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on airway inflammation and antioxidant defense system balance based on the current scientific literature on this subject. Search strategy: Relevant scientific articles were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Ovid databases. Study selection: We used international articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish that provided an objective approach within the epidemiological, physiopathological and physiological and biochemical context of the article.
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Page 1. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DO MOVIMENTO HUMANO EFEITOS DE TRÊS DIFERENTES TIPOS DE TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA DAS ...
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Different types of muscle contraction can cause different damage to the musculature and differences in inflammatory responses. Acute increases in circulatory inflammation markers can influence the crosstalk between coagulation and... more
Different types of muscle contraction can cause different damage to the musculature and differences in inflammatory responses. Acute increases in circulatory inflammation markers can influence the crosstalk between coagulation and fibrinolysis processes, increasing the risk of thrombus formation and detrimental cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of concentric and eccentric exercise on hemostasis markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the relationship between these variables. Eleven healthy subjects with a mean age of 25.4 ± 2.8, non-smokers, with no history of cardiovascular disease and blood type O, randomly performed an isokinetic exercise protocol consisting of 75 concentric (CP) or eccentric (EP) contractions of knee extension, divided into five sets of 15 repetitions combined with 30-s rest. Blood samples for analysis of FVIII, von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and CRP were collected pre, post, 24 h, and 48 h after each protocol. Increased levels of CRP at 48 h in EP versus CP ( p = 0.002), increased PAI-1 activity 48 h in EP versus CP ( p = 0.044), and a reduction in t-PA at 48 h when compared with post-protocol in both protocols ( p = 0.001). A correlation was found between CRP and PAI-1 at 48 h of PE ( r2 = 0.69; p = 0.02). This study showed that both EP and CP increase the clotting process, albeit only the exercise performed eccentrically induces inhibition of fibrinolysis. This is possibly due to the increase in PAI-1 48 h after the protocol, which correlates with the increase in inflammation as demonstrated by the CRP levels.
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The development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been associated to alterations on lipid profile as well found during postprandial period, phenomenon known as postprandial lipaemia (PL). Physical exercise is currently the major... more
The development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been associated to alterations on lipid profile as well found during postprandial period, phenomenon known as postprandial lipaemia (PL). Physical exercise is currently the major non-pharmacological intervention used to prevention and reduction of risk factors to developing of CVD. For this reason, there is growing interest under the effects of physical exercise, especially strength training, on regulation and balance of lipid metabolism, particularly of risk groups such as post-menopausal women that have more prone to CVD than men and lose much of the cardioprotective effect of estradiol during and after menopause period. In this review, we seek to compare the results of articles that addressed the beneficial effects of strength training on PL. We used articles selected in databases PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO dating from the year 1975-2012, with many quotes from leading researchers in subject and published in international journals. All studies were obtained to report at least three variables of interest. The authors of this review concluded that strength training proves to be effective in reducing PL concentrations by inducing an improvement of basal energy demand, can be seen as an important strategy to treatment of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Since exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species in different tissues, the objective of this study is to evaluate, compare and correlate the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in circulatory markers of... more
Since exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species in different tissues, the objective of this study is to evaluate, compare and correlate the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in circulatory markers of oxidative stress and acylated ghrelin (AG) in postmenopausal women. Ten postmenopausal women completed different protocols: a control session (CON), an aerobic exercise session (AERO); and a single-set (SSR) or three-set (MSR) resistance exercise protocol. After exercise, both MSR (p=0.06) and AERO (p=0.02) sessions showed significant increased lipid peroxidation compared to baseline levels. CON and SSR sessions showed no differences after exercise. No differences were found between sessions at any time for total glutathione, glutathione dissulfide or AG concentrations. Exercise significantly increased lipid peroxidation compared to baseline values. As pro oxidant stimuli is necessary to promote chronic adaptations to the antioxidant defenses induced by exercise, our findings are important to consider when evaluating exercise programs prescription variables aiming quality of life in this population.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different types of strength training in the variables: maximum dynamic force; muscle onset; time and functional reaction performance in 41 elderly women during 12 weeks.... more
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different types of strength training in the variables: maximum dynamic force; muscle onset; time and functional reaction performance in 41 elderly women during 12 weeks. METHODS: The sample (65.4 ± 5.8 years) was divided randomly in three groups: Traditional Strength Training (TFT) (n = 14), Training Power (TP) (n = 14) and Reactive Power Training (TR) (n = 13). RESULTS: The results showed an improvement in 1RM of knee extension (p &lt;0.01) from the previous to the post 12-week trainee program showing no difference between groups of strength training. At the end of 6 weeks the onset RF muscle was significantly decreased in the groups TR and TP, the VL and reaction time (RT) was significantly lower in TR and this last group showed a better performance during the sit-ups in 30s than the groups TFT and TP (p &lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The reactive strength training showed itself to be more effective to the improvement of the muscles responses as the reaction time and onset muscular in elderly women; therefore it showed better results in the functional test sitting-standing during 30s than in the traditional and in the power training group.</p
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As atividades de vida diaria (AVD) sao dependentes do tempo de reacao e onset muscular. Estas variaveis tem sido tambem apontadas como importantes marcadores de desempenho funcional em mulheres idosas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi... more
As atividades de vida diaria (AVD) sao dependentes do tempo de reacao e onset muscular. Estas variaveis tem sido tambem apontadas como importantes marcadores de desempenho funcional em mulheres idosas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de 12 semanas de tres tipos diferentes de treinamento de forca nas variaveis; forca dinâmica maxima, onset muscular, tempo de reacao e desempenho funcional em 41 mulheres idosas. A amostra (65,4 ± 5,8 anos) foi divida aleatoriamente em tres grupos: Treinamento de Forca Tradicional (TFT) (n=14); Treinamento de Potencia (TP) (n=14); Treinamento da Forca Reativa (TR) (n=13). Os resultados apresentaram um ganho no 1RM da extensao de joelhos (p<0,01) do pre para o pos 12 semanas de treinamento sem diferenca entre os grupos de treinamento de forca. Apos as seis semanas finais o onset muscular apresentou diminuicao significativa RF nos grupos TR e TP, no VL e o tempo de reacao (RT) foi significativamente menor em TR e este grupo apresentou melhor desempenho no teste de sentar-levantar em 30s do que os grupos TFT e TP (p<0,05). Conclusao: O treinamento de forca reativa se mostrou mais efetivo para o incremento das repostas musculares como o tempo de reacao e onset muscular em mulheres idosas e consequentemente apresenta melhores resultados no teste funcional de sentar e levantar em 30s do que os grupos de treinamento de forca tradicional e de potencia.
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Research Interests: Skeletal muscle biology, Aging, Medicine, Physical Therapy, Muscle strength, and 13 moreBiological Sciences, Humans, Age, Knee, Strength Training, Female, Resistance Training, Follow-up studies, Aged, Isometric Exercise, Reference Values, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
Diferentes posições articulares são utilizadas para realizar a contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) que servirá de referência para normalização do sinal eletromiográfico (EMG), porém em muitas destas posições não se verifica a... more
Diferentes posições articulares são utilizadas para realizar a contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) que servirá de referência para normalização do sinal eletromiográfico (EMG), porém em muitas destas posições não se verifica a máxima ativação do músculo deltoide. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a atividade elétrica das três partes deste músculo em diferentes posições articulares durante CIVMs e determinar em quais dessas são obtidas as maiores ativações musculares, para utilização na normalização do sinal EMG. A amostra foi constituída de 12 indivíduos do sexo masculino com idades entre 20 e 30 anos, treinados em força. Foi mensurada a ativação a partir da utilização da eletromiografia de superfície em seis posições articulares para a parte clavicular do músculo deltoide e em mais seis posições articulares para as partes acromial e espinal. Foi calculada, posteriormente, o valor RMS do sinal EMG de cada porção do músculo deltóide (clavicular, acromial e espinal). Para ...
Objetivo: determinar el efecto agudo que tiene sobre los niveles séricos de Lecitin Colesterol Acil Transferasa de mujeres postmenopáusicas la realización de una sesión de ejercicios resistidos, comparados con un grupo control sin... more
Objetivo: determinar el efecto agudo que tiene sobre los niveles séricos de Lecitin Colesterol Acil Transferasa de mujeres postmenopáusicas la realización de una sesión de ejercicios resistidos, comparados con un grupo control sin ejercicios. Materiales y métodos: dos grupos de postmenopáusicas asignadas al azar (n=10), un grupo realizó una sesión de ejercicios resistidos (8 ejercicios, 3 series a 15 repeticiones) y un grupo control con ejercicios de estiramientos. Inicialmente fueron evaluadas las características antropométricas, funcionales y el perfil lipídico de ambos grupos, en el protocolo experimental se evaluó las concentraciones sanguíneas de HDL y Lecitin Colesterol Acil Transferasa basales en ayunas, antes, inmediatamente y 12 horas después del ejercicio. Se realizó un control nutricional antes y durante la realización del experimento. Resultados: no hubo diferencias en ninguna de las variables antropométricas, nutricionales y del perfil lipídico antes del protocolo exper...
Since exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species in different tissues, the objective of this study is to evaluate, compare and correlate the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in circulatory markers of... more
Since exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species in different tissues, the objective of this study is to evaluate, compare and correlate the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in circulatory markers of oxidative stress and acylated ghrelin (AG) in postmenopausal women. Ten postmenopausal women completed different protocols: a control session (CON), an aerobic exercise session (AERO); and a single-set (SSR) or three-set (MSR) resistance exercise protocol. After exercise, both MSR (p=0.06) and AERO (p=0.02) sessions showed significant increased lipid peroxidation compared to baseline levels. CON and SSR sessions showed no differences after exercise. No differences were found between sessions at any time for total glutathione, glutathione dissulfide or AG concentrations. Exercise significantly increased lipid peroxidation compared to baseline values. As pro oxidant stimuli is necessary to promote chronic adaptations to the antioxidant defenses induced by...
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This study aimed to verify whether changes in performance in the countermovement jump test (CMJ) are associated with the improvements observed in the functional capacity tests.Methods: Functional capacity was measured with the 1RM, the 30... more
This study aimed to verify whether changes in performance in the countermovement jump test (CMJ) are associated with the improvements observed in the functional capacity tests.Methods: Functional capacity was measured with the 1RM, the 30 seconds chair-standing and the 8 foot up and go tests, after six weeks of strength training. The voluntary sample was comprised of 59 healthy untrained elderly women, who were randomly divided into experimental (EG = 42) and control groups (CG = 17).The EG showed a statistically significant increase in the CMJ (22.5%), 1RM (21.5%), 30 seconds chair-standing (22.8%) and 8 foot up and go (24%) results.The increases observed in the CMJ test showed a very high significant association (p <0.001) with the increases observed in the functional capacity tests: 1RM test (r = 0.88), 30 seconds chair-standing test (r = 0.82), and 8 foot up and go test (r =-0.75). Such increases were not seen in the CG. Results suggest that CMJ is a good test for measuring f...
Functional taping has been used as a treatment of injuries, joint stabilization and facilitation of muscle activation however only in recent years it has been investigated concerning their effects on muscle performance (e.g. ground... more
Functional taping has been used as a treatment of injuries, joint stabilization and facilitation of muscle activation however only in recent years it has been investigated concerning their effects on muscle performance (e.g. ground reaction forces). Therefore, the purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of taping placement on ankle plantar flexor muscles during walking. Therefore we investigated the ground reaction forces from one male subject during walking (5 km/h). For most variables there were no significant differences between the two situations: with and without banding. A reduction in contact time (CT), this being probably related to changes in braking impulse and propulsion impulse. Thus we concluded that the dynamics of gait changes with the use of taping, but not the magnitude of forces involved in the movement. Future studies with a larger group of subjects are needed to investigate the effect of taping on gait of healthy subjects with higher reli...
The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the neuromuscular, morphological and functional adaptations of older women subjected to 3 different types of strength training. 58, healthy women (67 ± 5 year) were randomized... more
The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the neuromuscular, morphological and functional adaptations of older women subjected to 3 different types of strength training. 58, healthy women (67 ± 5 year) were randomized to experimental (EG, n=41) and control groups (CG, n=17) during the first 6 weeks when the EG group performed traditional resistance exercise for the lower extremity. Afterwards, EG was divided into three specific strength training groups; a traditional group (TG, n=14), a power group (PG, n=13) that performed the concentric phase of contraction at high speed and a rapid strength group (RG, n=14) that performed a lateral box jump exercise emphasizing the stretch-shortening-cycle (SSC). Subjects trained 2 days per week through the entire 12 weeks. Following 6 weeks of generalized strength training, significant improvements occurred in EG for knee extension one-repetition (1RM) maximum strength (+19%), knee extensor muscle thickness (MT, +15%), maxim...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on neuromuscular and hormonal parameters in elderly men. 23 healthy men (65±4 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups:... more
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on neuromuscular and hormonal parameters in elderly men. 23 healthy men (65±4 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: concurrent (CG, n=8), strength (SG, n=8) or endurance group (EG, n=7). The programs consisted, of strength training, endurance training on a cycle ergometer or a combination of both in the same session 3 times per week over a duration of 12 weeks. Subjects were evaluated on parameters related to muscle strength, muscle activation and serum hormones. There were significant increases in lower-body strength in all groups (P<0.05), with higher increases in SG (67%) than CG (41%) and both were higher than EG (25%) (p<0.01). Only SG and CG increased upper-body strength (p<0.01), with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in free testosterone in EG after training. Significant increases in isometric...