Editor, University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature

Issues of injustice, exploitation and dehumanisation on the domestic setting are usually downplayed. They become national points only and when women revolt against such indignities. The three plays chosen for this study centre on women's protests incessant wars, unjust sharing formula and circumcision. The women in the plays are fearless against a patriarchal system that tries to stifle their social, economic, personal, medical, and psychological rights. Thus, the paper interrogates female dynamism and bonding and the nature of their protest in Aristophanes' Lysistrata, J. P. Clark's Wives' Revolt and Julie Okoh's Edewede. Issues common to their protest are the critical identification of the root of the problem, democratically discussing it, taking of oaths to enforce compliance from weaker ones and most importantly, the refusal of sex to men. This denial is a sacrificial step needed to register their dissatisfaction and disenchantment with the status-quo. In the three plays, sex strike as a significant icon becomes the point of men's capitulation. Its viability or otherwise will be interrogated. Using such concepts as Radical and Cultural Feminism as theoretical orientation, the paper critically examines how women can transform their lives and situation without lifting physical weapon but by asserting their dignity and uniqueness using what they have and employing their differences as instruments of social reordering .

The stringent patriarchal system and the intricacies of social conditioning, through coercion and ideological indoctrination concerning gender values, are peculiar to the Kohistani culture. It must be explored before the emancipation of women in Kohistani tribal society. Bapsi Sidwa's The Pakistani Bride portrays a girl Zaitoon's life; a female subjected to patriarchal circumstances. She is treated, to some extent, the same way as in Simon de Bouvier's "The Second Sex", However, the peculiarity of Kohistani culture perhaps make it worse. The paper explores the deep causes of female subjugation and Othering in society. Moreover, the paper also advocates the female strengths and individuality implemented in contemporary Kohistani culture by tracing its tenets according to Muted Group Theory (MGT).

Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things is set in the post-partition India which deals with the cultural and societal change and fluidity in the Indian society caused under the influence of westernized culture and societal values, while predominantly dealing with the stereotypical, discriminatory and unfair treatment of certain gender and cast. The study attempts to look into how people tend to be seduced by some specific cultural values and discard some others even when they are moving towards being modernized, and in this case, under a group of colonizers' agenda of teaching the uncivilized the civilized ways of life. The study is conducted in the light of two postulates of Zygmunt Bauman's theorisation of Liquid Modernity. The first is the tendency of a constant change within a society and how the idea of modernity was the cause of decline in societal norms while the individuals are seduced by the ways of the West. The second is how Bauman terms the society to be plastic, meaning that it is something that can constantly be reshaped regardless of where and in what state it is. The paper also highlights the ways in which the plastic society challenges the traditional power structures in which women and lower castes are marginalized and suppressed by patriarchal hierarchy and caste system, emphasising the positive as well as negative impacts of the liquid modern society, positing manifestation of liquid modernity in which there is no certainty or fixedness. The findings show that the characters in the selected novel are strongly influenced by the modern Western values and their native culture is significantly altered by that of the English, both in positive and negative ways, and there are no fixed cultural values.

This study deals with the utilization of Persuasive and Rhetorical Strategies used by Prime Minister Imran Khan in his address to the nation on 17 th March, 2020. This address was made in the background of Covid-19 pandemic. Aristotle's concept of persuasive components namely ethos, pathos, and logoswas followed to examine the utilization of these devices. Furthermore, rhetorical devices like rhetorical questions, inclusiveness and exclusiveness were also analyzed. Mixed Method approach was used to analyze the data. Quantitative data was obtained by using Corpus software AntConc, 3.5.8 (windows) 2019. Concordances were taken through this software, related to different devices and techniques. This numerical data was elaborated qualitatively. On the basis of the findings of the study, it can be said that PM Imran Khan practiced these techniques effectively and extensively.

Intersectionality has been recognized and widely taken by interdisciplinary fields that include Cultural studies, American studies, and Media studies to demonstrate a range of social issues. It focuses on the experiences of people in a different social and political context. The intersectional framework confronts significant social division axes that include race, class, gender, and disability that function together and influence each other. These social axes

This study aims to investigate and evaluate the level of satisfaction of the English major students with their foundation English course. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to both the students who are currently pursuing the course and the students who had completed the course. The motive was to compare the results of the two sets of responses to see if both sets of students felt the same regarding the foundation English curriculum. The questionnaire was selfadministered, through Google forms. The study threw light on the responsibilities of educational institutions in understanding that higher education is a service industry. It also highlighted the need for educational institutions to realize that they need to satisfy needs and the expectations of students, parents and employers. These three are the main stakeholders in the education industry today. Syllabus framers too have to accept that changes are imminent and make more than cosmetic changes to accommodate changes in the world outside. Students should be roped into the curriculum framing committees as they know what they need and what is not being delivered to them. Giving importance to aspirations of students is unavoidable. It is hoped that this study would throw light on the expectations of students so that necessary changes may be made in the curriculum and thereby bring about the desired learning outcomes.

This present research analyses Benazir Bhutto's Daughter of the East (1989) and Fatima Bhutto's Songs of blood and sword: A daughter's memoir (2011) to explore how Pakistani women, belonging to elite political families, are politically conscious while engaging their fathers' stories in their autobiographies. The autobiographies share specific characteristics: both the narrators belong to the same Bhutto family, and their self-narratives are predominantly father clear; both texts are written after their fathers' political assassination, and the narrators have tried to defend their father's political vulnerable image; the word "daughter" in each of the subtitles emphasizes the idea of filiation. The narrators reflect their political consciousness by defending and praising their fathers' political actions and elaborate on how national politics' political implications have affected their personal and political familial lives. Highlighting the importance of political education, Benazir distrusts outdated politics of compromises and narrates that the political profession requires sacrifices. Being a politician, one has to compromise even with the murderers of one's (her) father. Benazir condemns patriarchy and mentions that daughters can inherit their father's political legacy like sons. Meanwhile, Fatima criticizes Benazir that she is the usurper of her father's political legacy and does not follow her political principles. Fatima's self-narrative challenges Benazir's political claims made in her autobiography. Both the narrators look gendersensitive and condemn patriarchy even though both of them try to defend their fathers. Benazir and Fatima discuss their personal and private matters publicly for political reasons, as manifested through the text.

Virginia Woolf a highly appreciated writer both for her literary-critical insight and innovative writing techniques explores the role and character of women in society to reveal the truth and reality of their nature. Woolf in her works surfaces forth the inner discomfort of apparently integrated and a whole individual. In "The Lady in The Looking Glass: A Reflection" (1929), Woolf employs the stream of consciousness technique to communicate the thoughts of a narrator who ponders an image of Isabella Tyson to unveil the nature of truth and reality of her person by opening the intricate layers of her appearance. This paper explores the concept of the split self with reference to the character of Isabella to see the impact of the other on/in the construction of self. Lacan's concept of mirror stage is used as a theoretical framework to see how Isabella's character is put in the external symbolic order and is alienated from its own history to examine how the self can be conceptualized and effected by the interplay of various forces and the inside form in and through other. This study demonstrates that Isabella's self-image is the distorted product of the ideal ego and ego ideal and is made and changed by acting towards others to make them believe what they see in her as true of her.

This article presents the case of Chatterley and Clifford, the two main characters in Lady Chatterley's Lover, to consider tenderness a basic working emotion to shape human relationship. The lack of tenderness causes emotional as well as physical distance in relation, especially that of male-female's relation. The first part of the article reviews tenderness. The second part reviews how tenderness and lack of tenderness affects male-female relationship in the selected novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover. On the basis of a careful analysis of Lady Chatterley's Lover, the present writer tries to prove that the lack of tenderness is the main culprit for the broken relationship between husband and wife: a major one of the relations between man and woman in human society and mutual tenderness elicits people awakening to a new way of living in an exterior world that is uncracking after the long winter hibernation. Lawrence, through revelation of Connie's gradual awakening f...

This paper discusses some principles of critical discourse analysis , such as the explicit sociopolitical stance of discourse analysts, and a focus on dominance relations by elite groups and institutions as they are being enacted, legitimated or otherwise reproduced by text and talk. One of the crucial elements of this analysis of the relations between power and discourse is the patterns of access to (public) discourse for different social groups. Theoretically it is shown that in order to be able to relate power and discourse in an explicit way, we need the cognitive interface of models. knowledge, attitudes and ideologies and other social representations of the social mind, which also relate the individual and the social, and the micro-and the macro-levels of social structure. Finally, the argument is illustrated with an analysis of parliamentary debates about ethnic affairs.