- Pharmacoepidemiology, Biological science, Herbal medicines, Bioavailability and bioequivalance, Traditional Medicines, Drug Regulatory Affairs, and 23 morePharmacy, Pharm Chem, Research Methodology, Pharmacogenetics, Bulk Drugs and chemicals of pharmaceutical sciences, Bioavailability, Genetic Toxicology, Medicinal Plant Pharmacology, DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS & IPR, Nutraceuticals, Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics, Personalized Medicine, Anticancer Drugs, BioMEMS, Pharmaceutical Marketing, History of pharmacy, Herbal Research, Philosophy and history of science, Therapeutics, Pharmaceutical industry, Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry, Community Pharmacy, and Drug developmentedit
Snakebite is one of the most neglected diseases of developing countries. Deaths due to snakebite envenoming are quite high in Pakistan, and many deaths are caused by Echis carinatus envenomation. Traditional use of medicinal plants... more
Snakebite is one of the most neglected diseases of developing countries. Deaths due to snakebite envenoming are quite high in Pakistan, and many deaths are caused by Echis carinatus envenomation. Traditional use of medicinal plants against snakebites is a common practice in Pakistan due to countless benefits. The current study was performed with the objective to evaluate eighteen Pakistani medicinal plants inhibitory potential against hyaluronidase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes of Pakistani Echis carinatus venom. Hyaluronidase activity (0.2-1.6 mg/0.1 mL) and alkaline phosphatase activity (0.1-0.8 mg/0.1 mL) were measured in dose-dependent manner. Crude methanolic extracts of medicinal plants were used for in vitro investigation of their inhibitory activity against toxic enzymes. All active plants were fractioned using different solvents and were again analyzed for inhibitory activity of same enzymes. Results indicated all plants were able to neutralize hyaluronidase that Swertia...
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The present study aimed to screen the Rhazya stricta Decne root for its antihyperglycemic and antioxidants potential through invitro assays along with phytochemical and elemental analyses. The crude extract was prepared through maceration... more
The present study aimed to screen the Rhazya stricta Decne root for its antihyperglycemic and antioxidants potential through invitro assays along with phytochemical and elemental analyses. The crude extract was prepared through maceration and fractionated using solvent-solvent extraction technique. The spectroscopic studies indicated the presence of various phytochemical classes in the extract and its fractions. The antioxidant assays showed notable results along with a good concentration of phenolic and flavonoid contents. Enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting the enzyme activity which could reduce post-prandial blood glucose level. The Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition assay results showed the novel DPP-IV inhibition activity of the plant extract and all fractions showed noteworthy enzyme inhibition and antihyperglycemic activity. Conclusively, the Rhazya stricta root extract displayed its antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential...
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Irrational drug use practices are a burden to healthcare facilities. Poor prescribing practices affect the overall management and cost of treatment of non-communicable diseases that are the major cause of mortality and morbidity... more
Irrational drug use practices are a burden to healthcare facilities. Poor prescribing practices affect the overall management and cost of treatment of non-communicable diseases that are the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In an effort to improve prescribing practices, this study was designed to assess prescribing, consultation and facility indicators in healthcare facilities of Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan from December 2012 to December 2013. In this cross-sectional study, random and convenient sampling were used to collected data from both private and public healthcare facilities. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaire, observations and prescription analysis, whereas qualitative information on factors influencing prescribing practices was obtained by interviewing medical practitioners. A total of 13693 prescriptions were obtained from 500 patient-prescriber encounters. Results show that history taking, physical examination and di...
Research Interests: Pharmacy, Family Medicine, Pakistan, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreFemale, Pubmed, Male, Aged, Generic Drugs, Middle Aged, Adult, Drug Therapy, Non Communicable Disease, Cross Sectional Studies, Drug Utilization, Inappropriate Prescribing, Pharmaceutical Services, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences, and Medical prescription
Half of all medicines are prescribed or sold inappropriately and half of all patients fail to take their medicines correctly worldwide. The present study was conducted to evaluate the pattern and practice of drugs within the modern... more
Half of all medicines are prescribed or sold inappropriately and half of all patients fail to take their medicines correctly worldwide. The present study was conducted to evaluate the pattern and practice of drugs within the modern medical system by investigating the prescription pattern, drug use in private and public health care facilities, assessment of the magnitude of the problem, identifying factors responsible for the problem, suggesting measures in Pakistan. There were marked differences between the qualities of consultation indicators between general practitioners (GPs) and public health care providers. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.92 for all types of health care providers, mean number of drugs dispensed was 2.41 and 50% of the dispensed drugs were adequately labeled. Five categories of drugs comprised around 70% of all drugs prescribed. Injections prescribed per prescription were 0.32, infusions 0.07, apsules/tablets 1.85, syrups/suspensions 0.8. Numb...
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A combined experimental and theoretical study to determine how the replacement of magnetic ions with diamagnetic ones in CoFe2O4 i.e., CoFe1.5X0.5O4 (X = Al, Ga, In) affects the structure, electronic, and magnetic properties.
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The present study was conducted for the optimization of pretreatment process that was used for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (Water Hyacinth, WH), which is a renewable resource for the production of bioethanol with... more
The present study was conducted for the optimization of pretreatment process that was used for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (Water Hyacinth, WH), which is a renewable resource for the production of bioethanol with decentralized availability. Response surface methodology has been employed for the optimization of temperature (oC), time (hr) and different concentrations of maleic acid (MA), sulfuric acid (SA) and phosphoric acid (PA) that seemed to be significant variables with P < 0.05. High F and R2 values and low P-value for hydrolysis yield indicated the model predictability. The pretreated biomass producing 39.96 g/l, 39.86 g/l and 37.9 g/l of reducing sugars during enzymatic hydrolysis with yield 79.93, 78.71 and 75.9 % from PA, MA and SA treated respectively. The order of catalytic effectiveness for hydrolysis yield was found to be phosphoric acid > maleic acid > sulfuric acid. Mixture of sugars was obtained during dilute acid pretreatment with glucos...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various native starches on the rheological and textural properties of non-fat set yogurt. The yogurt samples were prepared while using five types of starches (potato, sweet potato,... more
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various native starches on the rheological and textural properties of non-fat set yogurt. The yogurt samples were prepared while using five types of starches (potato, sweet potato, corn, chickpea, and Turkish beans). The physical properties of the prepared yogurt were analyzed while using shear viscosity, viscoelasticity, and texture analysis. The tests were performed after 0, 7, and 15 days storage. The effect of these starches on the yogurt viscoelastic properties, texture, syneresis, and sensory evaluation were determined under optimum conditions. The results showed that adding 1% starch could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce syneresis and improve yogurt firmness. Starches exhibited different effect on the overall quality of the yogurt due to their origin and amylose content. Regardless of the number of storage period duration, all of the samples, including the control behaved as pseudoplastic materials (n < 1) with vario...
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The article proposes three modified percentile estimators for parameter estimation of the Pareto distribution. These modifications are based on median, geometric mean and expectation of empirical cumulative distribution function of... more
The article proposes three modified percentile estimators for parameter estimation of the Pareto distribution. These modifications are based on median, geometric mean and expectation of empirical cumulative distribution function of first-order statistic. The proposed modified estimators are compared with traditional percentile estimators through a Monte Carlo simulation for different parameter combinations with varying sample sizes. Performance of different estimators is assessed in terms of total mean square error and total relative deviation. It is determined that modified percentile estimator based on expectation of empirical cumulative distribution function of first-order statistic provides efficient and precise parameter estimates compared to other estimators considered. The simulation results were further confirmed using two real life examples where maximum likelihood and moment estimators were also considered.
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Current day consumers prefer natural antioxidants to synthetic antioxidants because they are more active. However, the activity generally depends on the specific condition and composition of food. The aim of this study was to investigate... more
Current day consumers prefer natural antioxidants to synthetic antioxidants because they are more active. However, the activity generally depends on the specific condition and composition of food. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wheat germ oil and α-lipoic acid on the quality characteristics, antioxidant status, fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes of chicken nuggets. Six types of diets were prepared for feeding the chickens to evaluate the quality of nuggets made from the leg meat of these experimental animals. These included control, diet enriched with wheat germ oil (WGO), which is a rich natural source of α-tocopherol (AT), diet with added AT or α-lipoic acid (ALA), diet with a combination of either ALA and WGO (ALA + WGO) or ALA and synthetic AT (ALA + AT). ALA has great synergism with synthetic as well as natural AT (WGO). The diet with WGO and ALA showed the best potential with respect to both antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. HPLC ...
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Food Science, Medicine, Antioxidants, Lipids, and 15 moreCooking, Volatile Organic Compounds, Animals, Antioxidant, Proteins, Lipid metabolism, Lipid Oxidation, Poultry, Chickens, Food Storage, Quercetin, Oxidation-Reduction, Aldehydes, food handling, and Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
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The full-fat flaxseed meal has obtained relatively new flourished concept as staple chicken feedstuff for the production of designer eggs. However, unprocessed flaxseed also encloses well documented anti-nutritional factors which are... more
The full-fat flaxseed meal has obtained relatively new flourished concept as staple chicken feedstuff for the production of designer eggs. However, unprocessed flaxseed also encloses well documented anti-nutritional factors which are associated with growth depression of laying hens. The present research work was carried out to evaluate the impact of full-fat extruded flaxseed meal supplemented diets on productivity performance of hens and production of modified ω-3 fatty acids-enriched eggs. The full-fat flaxseed meal was extruded at barrel exit temperature (140 °C), screw speed (160 rpm) and feed rate (25 kg/h) for reduction of anti-nutritional compounds. One hundred and sixty, Babcock hens (age 24 weeks old) were selected at random from a large flock and ten hens were placed in each of 16 wire-mesh pens. The experimental diets prepared by supplementation of extruded flaxseed at 10 %, 20 % and 30 % level were fed to hens along with control. The extruded flaxseed contained 86 % and ...
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The full-fat flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) meal has obtained relatively new flourished concept as food or feedstuff for the development of healthier products. It provides favorable balance of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and... more
The full-fat flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) meal has obtained relatively new flourished concept as food or feedstuff for the development of healthier products. It provides favorable balance of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. However, flaxseed meal may be susceptible to oxidation by exposure to various storage conditions which is extremely undesirable and produces toxic compounds to human health. Another consideration in the application of flaxseed meal relates to the presence of anti-nutritional compounds that need to be minimized using appropriate processing method. The present research work was conducted to evaluate the impact of extrusion processing conditions and storage of full-fat flaxseed meal on functional characteristics such as α-linolenic acid content, lipid peroxidation and sensory attributes. The raw flaxseed meal was analyzed for cyanogenic glycosides, tannin and mucilage anti-nutritional compounds. Fatty acids composition was quantified ...
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Lignans are a group of phytonutrients which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Flaxseed is the richest source of providing lignan precursor such as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). This article reviews the studies... more
Lignans are a group of phytonutrients which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Flaxseed is the richest source of providing lignan precursor such as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). This article reviews the studies relevant to experimental models in animals and humans demonstrating the possible nutraceutical actions of SDG to prevent and alleviate lifestyle-related diseases. A local and international web-based literature review for this project was carried out to provide information relating to the study. The major key word…
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Medicinal plants are believed to be a precious natural reservoir and have been continuously studied for their pharmacological activities against various ailments, liver being no exception. Leaves of Justicia adhatoda L. are being... more
Medicinal plants are believed to be a precious natural reservoir and have been continuously studied for their pharmacological activities against various ailments, liver being no exception. Leaves of Justicia adhatoda L. are being extensively used against many human ailments. Hepatoprotective effects of J. adhatoda L. leaves and flowers were investigated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) induced liver damage in Swiss albino mice. Liver injury was assessed by estimation of biochemical parameters which includes liver function tests and supplemented by histopathological examination of liver. Aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of different concentrations were given orally and activities of these extracts were compared with standard drug (silymarin). The results showed that J. adhatoda leaves and flowers showed unambiguous hepatoprotective activity against CCl 4 induced liver toxicity. It was also concluded that different concentrations of leaves and flowers of J. adhatoda did not s...
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A 0.6 μm CMOS process was adapted to incorporate LDMOS transistors for Power Integrated Circuit Applications. The design was realised by adding only three additional ion implants process steps and one extra masking process step providing... more
A 0.6 μm CMOS process was adapted to incorporate LDMOS transistors for Power Integrated Circuit Applications. The design was realised by adding only three additional ion implants process steps and one extra masking process step providing a cost effective approach. The design was optimised prior to manufacture by the Avanti TCAD simulation tool. Physical results show good agreement with the
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This paper describes recent experimental work carried on the optimisation of junction isolation structures for use in Power Integrated Circuits. Isolation is required to collect minority carriers injected into the substrate before the can... more
This paper describes recent experimental work carried on the optimisation of junction isolation structures for use in Power Integrated Circuits. Isolation is required to collect minority carriers injected into the substrate before the can reach the low voltage control circuitry. The most effect form of isolation found in this paper combines A number of techniques (SJI &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; MAAP) to reduce
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ABSTRACT The effect of potassium phosphate on potato and chickpea (CP) starches pasting, rheological, and textural properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, rapid visco-analyser (RVA), viscometer, and texture... more
ABSTRACT The effect of potassium phosphate on potato and chickpea (CP) starches pasting, rheological, and textural properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, rapid visco-analyser (RVA), viscometer, and texture analyser. Starch parameters were determined in 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M potassium phosphate at pH=5, 7, and 9, while distilled water was used as a control. Significant drop in the peak viscosity of potato starch was recorded in the presence of potassium phosphate at pH=5, but increased at pH=9 at the same salt concentration. CP starch exhibited significant increase in peak viscosity at higher pH and mixed behaviour in 1.5 M. The setback of potato starch increased significantly at pH=9 and 1.5 M salt concentration, while CP starch exhibited higher setback when cooked in 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M at higher pH. The peak gelatinisation temperature was higher in salt compared to the control, but CP starch showed gradual decrease at higher pH. The shear rate/shear stress data was fitted into power law model, where the flow behaviour index (n) was n&lt;1 suggesting pseudoplasticity, whereas the consistency coefficient decreased at higher temperature indicating lower viscosity. The effect of salt concentration on CP starch was more pronounced compared to potato starch. The data was also fitted into Arrhenius equation to establish the effect of temperature on the activation energy (Ea), where CP starch exhibited higher Ea compared to potato starch. Higher gel hardness was noticed for both starch samples cooked in potassium phosphate compared to the control.
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ABSTRACT Functional and nutraceutical foods have captured the global market owing to trends and perceptions of consumers on the natural products and diet-health linkages. Health promoting potential of such foods has been attributed to the... more
ABSTRACT Functional and nutraceutical foods have captured the global market owing to trends and perceptions of consumers on the natural products and diet-health linkages. Health promoting potential of such foods has been attributed to the presence of essential bioactive moieties. Wheat, being staple food in many part of the world gained substantial attention of researchers particularly for the extraction of various functional components. Among these, fructan oligosaccharides in nature bestow quality of baked products and provide protection against various physiological disorders. Addition of fructan in various baked products enhances softness and color especially in bread and also imparts textural improvement. Moreover, fructan boost mineral absorption, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic perspectives, bifidogenic nature and controlling cancer insurgence. The benefits allied with fructan are mainly dose and time dependent. In this context, its industrial applications for vulnerable groups are increasing worldwide.
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New LDMOSFET device based on 0.6 microns CMOS technology (X-Fab Plymouth, UK) is presented in this paper. The process is based on p-(substrate)/p-(epi) layers, layer thicknesses and dopings being standard for this type of technology. The... more
New LDMOSFET device based on 0.6 microns CMOS technology (X-Fab Plymouth, UK) is presented in this paper. The process is based on p-(substrate)/p-(epi) layers, layer thicknesses and dopings being standard for this type of technology. The optimised device has a 75 V breakdown voltage.
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Achieving the pleasures of successful work place is an art of coping with stress. Job stress is a very substantial issue at work place in this new era of competence. So this research is significantly emphasized on causes and effects of... more
Achieving the pleasures of successful work place is an art of coping with stress. Job stress is a very substantial issue at work place in this new era of competence. So this research is significantly emphasized on causes and effects of job stress and analyze its impact upon job satisfaction. This study also identifies the root causes of job stress