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Introduction: The unique properties of nanomaterials, in addition to their applications in science and technology, can be a threat to human health and the environment. Exposure to these materials may occur in workplaces or research... more
Introduction: The unique properties of nanomaterials, in addition to their applications in science and technology, can be a threat to human health and the environment. Exposure to these materials may occur in workplaces or research laboratories. It can be said that about half of people with occupational exposure to nanomaterials work in academic environments and laboratories. So, the present study was conducted to design and validate a tool to investigate the principles of working safely with nanomaterials in research laboratories. Materials & Methods: The tool was designed using reports, instructions and articles related to " Methods of working safely with nanomaterials". The validity of the tool was assessed using Lawshe method by calculating CVI and CVR. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and kappa coefficient. Results: The tool was designed in 5 sections: "General Information", "Transportation and Storage of Nanomaterials", "Engineering Controls", "Administrative Controls" and "Personal Protection Equipment". After validation, 5 items did not get the necessary points to stay in the tool and were removed. The Cronbach's alpha value for each section of the tool was more than 0.80, indicating that the was "appropriate". Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the tool studied in this study is compatible for the designed purpose and is ready to be used as a questionnaire or checklist.
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The prevalence of non-specific symptoms resulting of the increasing use of nanomaterials indicates a threat to human health that has led to the attention and expansion of risk assessment methods.
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Nowadays, the combination of “Nanotechnology” and “Ergonomics” has been known as “Nano‐ergonomics.” Nano‐ergonomics can help to develop more comfortable conditions in workplaces. So, the aim of this study is to reveal benefits of... more
Nowadays, the combination of “Nanotechnology” and “Ergonomics” has been known as “Nano‐ergonomics.” Nano‐ergonomics can help to develop more comfortable conditions in workplaces. So, the aim of this study is to reveal benefits of nanotechnology for occupational health and safety design, especially ergonomic design. The search strategy was provided based on cochrane guidelines with main search terms of “Nanotechnology,” “Nanomaterial,” and “Nanoparticle” combined with “Ergonomics” and “Human Factors.” PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar Databases were researched for relevant articles. Also, Google search engine was used to find nano‐ergonomic commercial products and to complete the research with identifying additional information. A total of 32 articles were first achieved. By providing Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis reporting guideline, finally, four studies were regarded as appropriate. The results showed that nanotechnology has developed in three major areas of erg...
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The prevalence of non-specific symptoms resulting of the increasing use of nanomaterials indicates a threat to human health that has led to the attention and expansion of risk assessment methods.
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Background Cigarette smoke is an aerosol containing more than thousands of chemical compounds, several of which are carcinogens and toxic. Many efforts have been made to use nanomaterials (NMs) to remove and filter toxic substances in... more
Background Cigarette smoke is an aerosol containing more than thousands of chemical compounds, several of which are carcinogens and toxic. Many efforts have been made to use nanomaterials (NMs) to remove and filter toxic substances in cigarette smoke. Due to the characteristics of MLs and their selectivity to different compounds, NMs have a high potential for practical application in reducing harmful compounds in cigarette smoke. The objective of this systematic review is to collect, combine, and analyze the basic intervention research on NMs for removal and reduction of harmful substances in cigarette smoke. This systematic review will determine the most important factors and expected characterizations for the development or commercialization of a new filters. Finally, we will review the challenges of using NMs-based interventions. Methods This protocol is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-P protocol and Cochrane methodology. T...
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Abstract In nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the predominant forms of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) lesions, which commonly used as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Studies showed that the... more
Abstract In nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the predominant forms of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) lesions, which commonly used as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Studies showed that the different nanomaterials can induce toxicity by ROSs in human body. So, this study is going to review the studies about oxidative DNA damage caused by occupational exposure to nanomaterials, using 8-OHdG biomarker. Systematic review was managed based on Cochrane systematic review guideline. Literature search was conducted in scientific databases with the main terms of “biomarkers,” “biological markers,” combined with “occupational exposure” and “nanomaterials.” All papers in the field of occupational exposure to nanomaterials until 2020 December were included. To evaluate the quality and bias of studies, GRADE method (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was used. Two hundred twenty-six studies were primarily achieved. By considering the inclusion criteria, overall 8 articles were selected. The majority of the studies were classified as the moderate quality studies (six studies). Also, the study-level bias was critical. This review shows that there is a significant relationship between job title and amount of produced nanomaterials and the existence of 8-OHdG. Also, the levels of 8-OHdG can be measured in urine, blood, and inhalation samples by instrumental procedures. Oxidative damages are an important threat for workers exposed to nanomaterial. Blood and EBC 8-OHdG level can be introduced as a biomarker for metal nanomaterials, but urinary 8-OHdG needs to be taken with caution. So, it is recommended that evaluation not be solely based on one biomarker.
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Introduction: The unique properties of nanomaterials, in addition to their applications in science and technology, can be a threat to human health and the environment. Exposure to these materials may occur in workplaces or research... more
Introduction: The unique properties of nanomaterials, in addition to their applications in science and technology, can be a threat to human health and the environment. Exposure to these materials may occur in workplaces or research laboratories. It can be said that about half of people with occupational exposure to nanomaterials work in academic environments and laboratories. So, the present study was conducted to design and validate a tool to investigate the principles of working safely with nanomaterials in research laboratories. Materials & Methods: The tool was designed using reports, instructions and articles related to " Methods of working safely with nanomaterials". The validity of the tool was assessed using Lawshe method by calculating CVI and CVR. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and kappa coefficient. Results: The tool was designed in 5 sections: "General Information", "Transportation and Stora...
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Iran Occupational Health http://ioh.iums.ac.ir Iran Occupational Health. 2020 (4 Apr);17:1. Original Article Lighting and color temperature assessment in the office workplaces and relations i to visual fatigue Rostam Golmohammadi,... more
Iran Occupational Health http://ioh.iums.ac.ir Iran Occupational Health. 2020 (4 Apr);17:1. Original Article Lighting and color temperature assessment in the office workplaces and relations i to visual fatigue Rostam Golmohammadi, (*Corresponding author), Professor, Department of Occupational Health, School of Health and Center f r Health Sciences Research, Hamedan University of Medical Scie ces, Hamedan, Iran. golmohamadi@umsha.ac.ir Zahra Pirmoradi, MSc, Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Majid Motamedzadeh Torghabeh, Professor, Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Javad Fardmal, Professor, Associate Pr fessor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, H mad n University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
INTRODUCTION : There is a set of evidence about the adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials on human and the environment. People working with nanomaterials (in nanotechnology laboratories and workplaces) are often exposed to these... more
INTRODUCTION : There is a set of evidence about the adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials on human and the environment. People working with nanomaterials (in nanotechnology laboratories and workplaces) are often exposed to these materials. Following nanosafety principals can reduce exposure to engineered nanomaterials. So, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of Iranian researchers towards nanosafety. METHODS : This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed using the results of a literature review and validated by a panel of experts. After filling questionnaires by Iranian researchers, data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS : Investigation the knowledge of study participants showed that 61.38% of them answered the questions correctly. Although 74.34% of the study participants had a proper attitude to nanosafety, only 27.3% of them considered ENMs to be harmful to human and the environment. Examination of researchers' performance in laboratories showed that 24.25% of them "always" have good performance. CONCLUSIONS : It seems that increasing awareness by teaching the principles of working safely with nanomaterials, can help to create a positive attitude towards the principles of nanosafety. Positive attitude can finally lead to the optimal performance of researchers in laboratories involved with nanomaterials.
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Abstract Purpose The increasing use of nanomaterials in academic and industrial environments has raised concerns about the potential effects of these materials on human and the environment. Researches have shown that occupational exposure... more
Abstract Purpose The increasing use of nanomaterials in academic and industrial environments has raised concerns about the potential effects of these materials on human and the environment. Researches have shown that occupational exposure to nanomaterials can affect employees' health. Many companies are active in the field of nanotechnology in Iran. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to investigate the relationship between the symptoms of these companies' employees and exposure to nanomaterials. Methods The study was conducted among employees of 52 nanotechnology companies in Tehran. For this study, the employees of these companies were categorized in two groups: "exposed" and "non-exposed" to nanomaterials. Data collection tools included the NanoTool method form and a nonspecific symptom questionnaire designed and validated by a team of 19 experts in various fields. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software. Results The results showed that the frequency of cutaneous (such as roughness, itching and redness), respiratory (such as cough, sneezing, and burning throat) and ocular (such as burning, itching and redness) symptoms were higher among the exposed workers to nanomaterials. Examination of the correlation between these symptoms in the two studied groups showed that symptoms with high frequency have a significant relationship with exposure to nanomaterials. Conclusions Given the high prevalence of some symptoms among the employees of the studied companies and their association with exposure to nanomaterials, it seems necessary to take control measures to reduce the exposure of employees to nanomaterials and consequently reduce the Investigated symptoms.
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This study was conducted in nanotechnology laboratories in Tehran. A designed and validated questionnaire was used to meet the study goals. List of laboratories were provided through the Iran Nanotechnology Laboratory Network. All data... more
This study was conducted in nanotechnology laboratories in Tehran. A designed and validated questionnaire was used to meet the study goals. List of laboratories were provided through the Iran Nanotechnology Laboratory Network. All data were analyzed using SPSS.22. While 46.7% of the laboratories employed between 5 and 10 people on average, only 33.3% of them had a nanomaterial safety and health policy. In 80.0% of laboratories, nanomaterials were stored in labeled containers, while only 20.0% of laboratories were confident of the information on the labels. In terms of engineering controls, most laboratories had minimal controls (general ventilation and local ventilation). The laboratories also had minimal facilities in terms of personal protective equipment. As the research results indicated, the facilities for reducing and controlling exposure to hazardous substances have always been minimal in these laboratories. Most of them rely on minimal controls for various reasons, such as lack of technology, lack of funds, and lack of information. Finally, it is recommended to establish up-to-date control systems in research laboratories and ensure that appropriate personal protective equipment is provided and used properly.
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Background: Different chemical materials especially inks are used in printing industry and lead is one of the ingredients that make up its pigments. Therefore, the objectives of present study were to examine blood lead levels and... more
Background: Different chemical materials especially inks are used in printing industry and lead is one of the ingredients that make up its pigments. Therefore, the objectives of present study were to examine blood lead levels and determine the correlation between hygiene behaviors and blood lead levels among workers in one of the printing industry located in the west of Tehran province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that conducted in 2018, 80 workers of a printing house were selected. Blood samples were collected according NIOSH 8003 method and analyzed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer GF 5000 model. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation test using SPSS 20. The significance level of 0.05 considered for results. Results: The range of blood lead levels was 0.0094 to 0.1968 ppb. Individuals who worked in printing patterns process on cardboard sheets had blood lead levels higher than those working in other proces...
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Background: Chronic exposure to noise in workplaces is one of the most important physical agents that affects workers’ health and causes social and individual problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between... more
Background: Chronic exposure to noise in workplaces is one of the most important physical agents that affects workers’ health and causes social and individual problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between noise annoyance and blood pressure (BP) of workers of an automotive industry. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 250 workers were randomly selected. The subjects were classified in two groups based on the exposure to sound pressure levels lower and higher than 85 dB (106 and 144 workers, respectively). In this study, BP was measured using an ALPK2 mercury pressure gauge. To measure annoyance levels, an annoyance questionnaire containing a numerical question numbered 0–11 was used. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 36.19 (±3.75) years. The results showed that the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the subjects exposed to the sound pressure levels higher than 85 dB were significantly higher than those exposed to a sound pressure level lower than 85 dB (P < 0.01). Also, the results of the multivariate regression showed a significant relationship between the annoyance and DBP and SBP caused by chronic exposure to noise and sound pressure levels (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the annoyance caused by exposure to chronic noise in the workplace causes stress in the workers and, in the long term, could increase the risk of high SBP and DBP.